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Lesson 19 The Formation of the Three Kingdoms: The Representative of the Warlords in the Late Eastern Han Dynasty
Yuan Shu of Yuan Shu Group is Yuan Shao's half-brother. Because of Yuan Shao's defection, he despises Yuan Shao and his brothers are at odds. Yuan Shu rebelled against Dong Zhuo, left Luyang, Jingzhou, and became a post-general. Yuan Shu has great ambitions, but few talents, so he has accomplished nothing. Sun Jian, the Changsha satrap, led the troops to beg Dong Zhuo in the north and killed Wang Rui, the Jingzhou assassin, and Zhang Zi, the Wan satrap. Because of Yuan Shu's fame, Yuan Shu was able to claim Nanyang. In the third year of Chuping (AD 192), in the first month, Yuan Shu ordered Sun Jian to attack Liu Biao and Sun Jian died. Yuan Shu was attacked by Cao Liu's watch in Nanyang and could not stand. In the fourth year of Chuping (BC 193), Yuan Shu turned east to kill Chen Wen, an assassin in Yangzhou, according to Huainan. Yuan Shu's tyrannical rule, extravagance and lust, wanton plunder, people are in dire straits, soldiers are in dire straits. In the second year of Jian 'an (A.D. 197), Yuan Shu proclaimed himself Shouchun, abandoned by his relatives, and attacked by Lu Bu and Cao Cao, so his reputation was ruined. In April of the fourth year of Jian 'an (AD 199), Yuan Shuqiong was forced to go north to Qingzhou to take refuge in Yuan Tan. Cao Cao sent Liu Bei and general Zhu Ling to intercept in Xuzhou, but he could not survive. Shouchun again, died of illness in June and was scattered.

Lyu3 bu4 Group Lyu3 bu4 was originally Dingyuan Department, and was a secretariat of Bingzhou. In the sixth year of Zhong Ping (A.D. 189), blades called Ding Yuan to Luoyang to kill eunuchs. After Dong Zhuo entered Romania, Lu Bu killed Ding Yuan to vote for Dong Zhuo, and later murdered Dong Zhuo with Wang Yuntong. In the third year of Di Xianchu Ping (A.D. 192), Li Jue and Guo Si led the remnants of Dong Zhuo into Chang 'an, and Lu Bu went out to Wuguan for Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu hated its capriciousness, refused to accept it, and went to Beitou to make public and Yuan Shao. In the spring of the first year of Xingping (AD 194), Liu Chen, the satrap, conspired with Chen Gong to welcome Lu Bu to Yanzhou to compete with Cao Cao. In June of the second year of Xingping (AD 195), Lu Bu defeated Xuzhou Liu Bei. In June of the first year of Jian 'an (AD 196), when Liu Bei was at war with Yuan Shu, Lu Bu attacked Pi in Liu Bei's base area, claiming to be Xuzhou Pastoral. After Lu Bu and Yuan Shu plotted to capture Xuzhou, they turned against each other. Lyu3 bu4 capricious, taboo for the world, Jian' an three years (AD 198) in December was captured and killed by Cao Cao.

JASON ZHANG, JASON ZHANG Group, is also the department of Dingyuan. Being stationed in Hanoi with Lu Bu, it borders Taihang Mountain in the north, Yellow River in the south and Hulao Pass in the west, which is a strategic place in the Central Plains. Hanoi, where military strategists are competing openly. Zhang took refuge in Yuan Shao and later voted for Dong Zhuo, who returned to Yuan Shao after his defeat. In the third year of Jian 'an (AD 198), Zhang Yang expressed his solidarity with Lu Bu, and Cao Cao took the opportunity to reach out to Hanoi. The propaganda department made the murder of Yang Chou public and attached Cao Cao to Hanoi. Knowing that another department, Yang Chou, was killed, Zhang Yang still attached Yuan Shao to Hanoi. In April of the fourth year of Jian 'an (AD 199), Cao Cao invaded Hanoi and killed Gu Jian. Cao Yuan's public rout led to the famous battle of Guandu.

Cang Hong Group Zang Hongzi Ziyuan, a native of Guangling Sheyang, is a meritorious servant of Guangling satrap Juck Zhang. In the first year of Chuping (A.D. 190), it was said that Juck Zhang rose up to beg Dong Zhuo and Zhang, his brother, the satrap, and Zhang Miao led the troops to Zizyphus jujuba. Kanto governors set up altars in succession, vowing to promote Cang Hong as master of ceremonies. Cang Hong then went to the altar, fought bloody battles for the League, and delivered an impassioned speech, which aroused the public's enthusiasm and made him famous. Yuan Shao incurred Cang Hong, which led Hongfu to lead Qingchuan. He fought with Tian Jie, the secretariat of Qingzhou in Gongsun Zan, for two years, and won Qingzhou for Yuan Shao. Yuan Shaoling made his son Yuan Tan the governor of Qingzhou and moved to Cang Hong as the prefect. In the first year of Jian 'an (AD 196), Cao Cao defeated Lu Bu and besieged Zhang Bao in Chenliu. Cang Hong invited Yuan Shao's soldiers to save Juck Zhang, but Yuan Shao refused. Cao Cao then defeated Juck Zhang. Juck Zhang's younger brother Zhang Yingnan went to Shouchun for help when he was in Yuan Shu, and was killed by his soldiers. Angered Yuan Shao not to save Juck Zhang, but betrayed Shao Yudong County. Yuan Shaoju attacked the surrounding area for more than a year and defeated Cang Hong.

Tao Qian of Tao Qian Group is from Danyang. He is a great scholar of all the students, and once served as an official in Luling and Youzhou Secretariat. In the Yellow Scarf Uprising, the court took modesty as the secretariat of Xuzhou, and later it was promoted to herding. The Kanto soldiers rose up and took refuge in evil spirits with Cao Cao Song. In the third year of Chuping (AD 192), according to Yanzhou, Cao Cao welcomed Cao Song to Yanzhou. Cao Song used to be Han Taiwei, and he took a lot of bribes and property, including more than 100 vehicles. Send a surname Zhang Lu, ride two hundred guards to send him, Lu and other greedy property, kill Cao Song to get his money, and flee to Huainan. Cao Cao was very angry with Tao Qian, and made a comprehensive conquest from the fourth year of Chuping to the first year of Xingping (AD 193 to 194). Cao Jun defeated Pengcheng, Fuyang, Qu You, Suiling and Xiaqiu, all of which were slaughtered. In history, Cao Cao said that "tens of thousands of men and women died, chickens and dogs were insufficient, and drowning did not flow." During Dong Zhuo's rebellion in Beijing, scholars from the Central Plains and Guanzhong moved to Xuzhou. At this point, most of them were wiped out by Cao Bing. Xu Tu was broken, and Tao Qian was worried about his death, so he ordered Zhou Mu to stay with Liu Bei.

Zhang Xiu is from Wuwei, Zhang Xiu, and Dong Zhuo is Zhang Jizhi's nephew. In A.D. 196, Zhang Ji led many people out of Jingzhou, attacked Liu Biao and died in Rang City. Zhang Xiu led his followers to join Liu Biao and stayed in the town to resist Cao Cao. Cao Cao could not attack Zhang Xiu for many years. On the eve of the battle of Guandu, Zhang Xiu planned to start from Jia Xu and lead the people to join Cao Cao. In the battle of Guandu, Zhang Xiu happeneth meritorious service. Later, he defeated Yuan Tan from Cao Cao in Nanpi, and collected 50,000 troops in Liucheng, with outstanding military achievements. But xelloss killed his younger brother Cao Ang, humiliated Zhang Xiu several times, and embroidered himself with water. The Battle of Ganshui took place in A.D. 197, when Cao Cao conquered Zhang Xiu and surrendered. Cao Cao lusted after the beauty of Zhang Ji's wife and was taken into the military camp to play. Zhang Xiu was very angry and attacked Cao Cao, killing his eldest son Cao Ang and his younger brother's son Cao Anmin. Cao Cao was also shot in the right arm and almost lost his life.

Liu Biao, a member of Liu Biao Group, was born in Levin, Yang Shan. One of the eight handsome celebrities in the late Han Dynasty. In AD 190, the secretariat of Jingzhou was killed by Sun Jian, and Liu Biao was the secretariat of Jingzhou on behalf of Rui. Because Yuan Shao blocked Liu Biao from taking office in Nanyang. Liu Biao entered Yicheng alone from Infernal Affairs, adopted the advice of Jingzhou celebrity Kuai Yue and others, lured and killed more than 50 people, including the thief Kouqu, and used the local forces attached to him. "Gangneung in the south and Xiangyang in the north", according to Jingzhou, is an enemy of Yuan Shu. In A.D. 192, Liu Biao and Cao Cao jointly drove away Yuan Shu, and Liu Biao was appointed as the general of Zhennan and the shepherd of Jingzhou. In A.D. 198, Liu Biao defeated Zhang Xian, a magistrate in Changsha who took orders from Cao Cao from afar, and made his own jurisdiction "Wuling in the south, Hanchuan in the north, a thousand miles away, and more than 100,000 troops", becoming the largest separatist force in the south. But Liu Biao has no talent for restraining chaos. He just wants to "protect Jianghan and watch the world change" and stay out of the battle for the Central Plains. In the battle of Guandu, he would sit still and watch the tiger fight. Yuan Shao should be the assistant, not sending troops to rescue him, which made Cao Cao calmly unify the north.

The above briefly describes the general situation of the rise and fall of major groups in the warlord melee in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After Dong Zhuo's downfall, there were four main groups vying for the Central Plains: Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan in Hebei, and Cao Cao and Lu Bu in Henan. Liu Bei once competed in the Central Plains, but the foundation was not thick and there was no good support. Take Xuzhou twice and throw it away twice. In 200 AD, Liu Biao left the Central Plains for a dispute. Neither Gongsun Zan nor Lu Bu was farsighted, especially Lu Bu, who was reckless and foolhardy, and their failure was doomed. All other groups are just fighting for independence, waiting for success or failure, without any long-term consideration, and being destroyed by the strong for the second time. Both Cao Cao and Yuan Shao want to unify the whole country and replace the Han Dynasty, and each has a set of far-sighted plans. The two men divided their spheres of influence, with Yuan Shao taking Hebei and Cao Cao taking Henan. With the expansion of power, the relationship between them was close and the infighting continued, and the conflict between Yuan and Cao Cao was inevitable. In the fifth year of Jian 'an (AD 200), Yuan was defeated in the battle of Guandu, which laid the foundation for Cao Cao to unify Hebei. At that time, Liu Bei had won the support of others, Sun Ce in Jiangdong was dead, and there was no trend of two-thirds in the world. From the battle of Guandu to Battle of Red Cliffs, the situation has changed more obviously, and the situation of great unification has moved forward. The warlords around the separatist regime stayed put, and only Cao Cao of the Central Plains was sweeping across Hebei. But at the same time, three factors are accumulating. First, Sun Quan of Jiangdong stabilized the situation, settled Shanyue and became an emerging force against Cao Cao. Second, Liu Bei was stationed in Jingzhou for six or seven years, and he accumulated the strength to make a comeback. He also recruited talents in Jingzhou and was supplemented by Zhuge Liang. In the 12th year of Jian 'an (A.D. 207), Zhuge Liang published "Longzhong Countermeasures" to plan a three-thirds game. Lu Su also has this plan in Soochow. Battle of Red Cliffs promoted the alliance between Sun and Liu, and Cao Cao was defeated and returned to the north, which laid the foundation for the three-thirds game. The warlord melee at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty came to an end.