After Zhuge Liang's death, in order to commemorate his achievements, later generations built a temple of marquis of Wu where he lived as a memorial. Since the Western Jin Dynasty, the literati of past dynasties have come here in an endless stream to pay their respects, leaving a pair of popular couplets. Among these couplets, some are cleverly embedded with characters, which are ingenious and original.
Wollongong, located in Nanyang City, Henan Province, is said to be the land cultivated by Zhuge Liang in those years. It has elegant scenery and unique architecture. There is such a couplet in Wuhou Temple: "Take the two rivers, put eight arrays, capture six in seven, and set up forty-nine lanterns in Zhang Wu, with one heart only for three concerns;" Take West Shu, gather South Yi, and refuse East and North. China's military account is based on the divination of gold and civil engineering, and the water surface can be attacked by fire. "It is not difficult to see from this pair of couplets that the numbers from one to ten are embedded in the first couplet and the" five faces "and" five elements "are embedded in the second couplet, which highly summarizes Zhu Gekongming's life.
Wuhou Temple in the southern suburbs of Chengdu, Sichuan Province was built by Li Xiong of sixteen countries in the late Western Jin Dynasty in memory of Zhuge Liang, Prime Minister of Shu Han. The ancient cypresses in the shrine are lush and magnificent, and there is also a couplet here to praise Zhuge Liang's merits and demerits in Sichuan: "I have been cautious all my life, crossing the southern border for seven times and leaving the northern border for six times, and when it is destroyed, I can respect it; Ten times the glory of lotus, eight wars became famous, two rivers were blessed, and the quartet elite. Three points of merit will be returned to the father. " In addition, "two tables and three notes, one pair is enough for a thousand years. "This pair of couplets only used ten short words, praising Zhuge Liang's brilliant SHEN WOO, devoted himself to his life and died. The so-called "two tables" refers to the first and second "models" that Zhuge Liang made for the great cause of Shu and Han after he entered Sichuan; "Returning a pair" refers to "Longzhong Dui" written by Liu Bei when he visited the Caotang, in which Zhuge Liang made an incisive analysis of "three points in the world".
There is a tomb of Zhuge Liang in Dingjun Mountain, Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province, which was buried here after Zhuge Liang left Wuzhangyuan, where Wei died of illness. There is such a couplet in Wuhou Temple here, which can be said to be a conclusion for Zhuge Liang's life. The couplet says: "Righteousness and bravery are loyal to the liver, which appears for the second time since the Six Classics;" Entrust an orphan to death, three generations and one person. (Excerpted from popular science news: Wu)
I think Zhuge Liang's "dedication"
Author: Shimadzu Yihe reposted from: Three Kingdoms historical and cultural unity community
Zhuge Liang was born in Nanyang in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Outstanding statesman, strategist and diplomat in the Three Kingdoms period. He left a glorious image of "wisdom" and "integrity" to future generations, and he is a well-known historical figure in East Asia. Left many stories and famous sayings that have been passed down through the ages. Here, I'd like to talk about my humble opinion on Zhuge Liang's "devoting all his efforts to death".
Zhuge Liang was born in the 4th year of Han Dynasty (A.D. 18 1) and died in the 12th year of the founding of Shu (A.D. 234) at the age of 54. In 207 AD, when Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang, who was 27 years old, he incisively analyzed the general trend of the world and put forward the idea of uniting with Cao Cao and Sun Zi, thus unifying the way of the world, that is, the famous "Long Zhong Dui":
"Since Dong Zhuo's rebellion came, heroes have joined forces, and there are countless people across States and even counties. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao has a small name and few people. However, Cao defeated Shao and defeated the strong with the weak. Not only was the weather bad, but he also suppressed others. Today, there are millions of people in Cao Cao, holding the emperor to make the princes. This sincerity can't compete with each other. According to Sun Quan, he has lived in Jiangdong for three generations. He can use it. It can be used for aid, but not for profit. Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the South China Sea, Wu Hui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses force, but its owner can't stay. This is almost heaven, so it is a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of heaven and earth is the reason why Gaozu became emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich but don't know how to keep shirts, and the wise think of the wise. The general is the emperor's palace, loyal to the four seas, commanding heroes, thinking of the wise and thirsty. If there are advantages and interests spanning, the rock resistance will be guaranteed, Sun Quan will be consolidated in the west, Yi Yue will be consolidated in the south, and the political world will be improved. Then the Jingzhou army was ordered to turn to Wan and Luo, and the general led Yizhou people out of Qinchuan, but the people did not dare. If this is the case, the hegemony can be reached and the Han family can flourish. "
I quote Longzhong Dui here, mainly to testify for this article. Let's first analyze why Zhuge Liang devoted himself to Liu Bei until he died. Zhuge Liang was originally "bent on Nanyang, not seeking Wen Da as a vassal". According to the survey data, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion for ten years after his uncle Zhuge Xuanzhi went to Xiangyang and died, and the time was from 197 to 207. Have no heart to be an official. When Xu Shu recommended Zhuge, Zhuge Liang listened to the words and said, "You treat me as a sacrifice", because Liu Bei "didn't take the meanness of the minister, but wasted his money. He cared about the minister in the thatched cottage and asked him about worldly matters, so he was grateful and galloped with Mr. Xu Di". It can be seen that Zhuge Liang didn't want to be an official at first, but was moved by the sincerity of Liu Bei's three visits to the cottage, leaving the official position and doing his best to die. Liu Bei "invited three times, two lines of tears, one mouth, Zhuge earned his life."
Liu Bei, a weak person in the cold race, has taken refuge in Gongsun Zan, Tao Qian, Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and Liu Biao successively, and has no fixed place to live, wandering around and being frightened like a lost dog. After he got Zhuge Liang, he relied on the policy of "Long Zhong Dui" in the little red book to establish the country. According to the historical records of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Han has the smallest area, the weakest national strength, less land and fewer people. Shu Han is located in the wild, and only Sichuan Plain and Jianghan Plain are granaries, which can contribute to national strength. Shu and Han need to start from Zhu Rong in the west and Fuyiyue in the south, and manage Sun Quan externally and internally until the world changes greatly. If he wants to unify the world, he must order a general to lead Jingzhou's army from Qinchuan to Wan, Luo and Yizhou. It can be seen that Zhuge Liang's plan is to recover the Central Plains with the strength of the two armies.
According to Zhuge Liang's plan, the first step is to occupy Yizhou and Jingzhou, and then build the country. Then Shu Han needs to go to Zhu Rong in the west, to Fuyue in the south, to Sun Quan in the outside, and to repair politics internally until the world changes. Unfortunately, this plan was accidentally broken by Guan Yu in Jingzhou, and Zhuge Liang had to "do his best and die." Liu Bei captured Yizhou in Liuzhang, but did not capture the central part of Korea. Instead, he went east to compete with Soochow for three counties in the south of the Yangtze River, resulting in a conflict with Sun Quan. Later, he became hot-headed, which led to Guan Yu's Northern Expedition. As a result, Guan Yu defended his land, was greedy and abandoned righteousness, was headstrong, looked down on Dongwu, and bravely defeated Maicheng. Liu Bei's momentary passion turned against Sun Quan. Lose Jingzhou and lose the alliance with Soochow. If you make bad friends with Wu Dong, you will be caught in a two-faced battle and be attacked between Scylla and Charybdis; If you lose Jingzhou, you will lose a granary, and you will lose the Central Plains Road on the eastern front. As a result, the soldiers were tired and the people were weak, and Shu Han lost the power to unify the world.
Zhuge Liang should retire at this moment and earn his own living all the year round. However, at the end of his life, Liu Bei's Baidi City was an orphan, pitiful. He also suggested that the child can be made up and let him be the master of Chengdu. Liu Bei knew that Master Liu was a fatuous and evil man, and he hypocritically brought it up first, so Zhuge Liang earned loyalty. As a result, Zhuge Liang was cold and at a loss, crying and kneeling on the ground. He said: "I dare to do my best, do my loyalty, and then die." Liu Chan is weak and incompetent. Under the current circumstances, in order to protect himself, he can only retreat to Sichuan. But Zhuge Liang promised Liu Bei to unify the Central Plains, so he had to continue the Northern Expedition.
Zhuge Liang knows that "mending the sky is not easy, but it needs great efforts." However, I am grateful for the kindness of the first emperor. Do what you know you can't do! He knew that Liu Chan would die in the future, and he would be more loyal every day. As the saying goes, "Till death do us part." Besides, instead of doing nothing, I may still have a chance if I don't fight to the death. Only by eating into Wei's territory can we stir up trouble and disintegrate the enemy front.
Zhuge Liang's "devote all his efforts to death" is also manifested in killing Wei Yan before he died. Some people say that Wei Yan is a great talent, and Zhuge Liang killed him for no reason. I think Zhuge Liang would rather kill by mistake than miss it. Wei Yan's talent is true, but he is too ambitious. After Zhuge Liang's death, it will inevitably threaten the dominant position of the fatuous Liu Chan. For the sake of Liu Chan, Zhuge Liang had to kill Wei Yan as an excuse.
Do what you know you can't do! The so-called "a scholar dies for a bosom friend." At all times and in all countries, everyone says that Guan Yu is the embodiment of righteousness. I think Zhuge Liang's "devote all my efforts to death" is an unprecedented embodiment of "righteousness", and Zhu Gekongming will live forever! ! !
Zhuge Liang in My Eyes —— Talking from "Three Crys" of Kongming
Author: Yang Fang
In 220 AD, princes rose up and the world was in dispute. In the beautiful bamboo forest and thatched cottage, a middle-aged man wore a nylon scarf and held a feather fan in his hand. He is in the thatched cottage, and his heart is connected with the world. He looked at the rise and fall, and his heart was full of rivers and mountains. He said, "People and people win the world." So the story of three visits to Mao Lu created a generation of great men, outstanding politicians and military strategists-Zhuge Liang. Zhu Gekongming, with his outstanding political and military abilities, established Shu State, prospered Han industry, and made painstaking efforts to govern Han. With its wisdom, its feelings and its righteousness, it shows the great spirit of a generation of books, which makes people admire, intoxicate, crazy and crazy.
Zhuge Liang, written by Luo Guanzhong, has profound talent, foresight and the power to reverse Gan Kun. He is resourceful and unpredictable. One boat borrows an arrow, three in, and the east wind fights Chibi. Six out of Qishan, seven capture Meng Huo, an empty city in front of Sima. Wei Zhen travels in all directions. "It's amazing." He dispatched troops and made good use of people. Battle of Red Cliffs, knowing that Guan Yu was a man of deep affection and righteousness, also sent him to guard the main road. As a result, Guan Yu on Huarong Road missed his old love and gave up on himself, letting his old enemy Cao Cao go. Some people say it's Kong Ming's fault, and he missed the opportunity. However, this is not entirely correct. Look, when master Liu Bei was eager to stop him, he said, "Yun Chang is a man of temperament, so Cao Cao must be released." How can a saint let him guard the avenue? " Hearing this, Kong Ming raised his voice and sighed, "This is an act of God, and God will not destroy Cao. If Wei perishes, Wu Dong will surely rise. This is a powerful enemy, and it only occupies a profitable area. Shu is hard to compete with it and is bound to perish. Today's world is divided into three parts, showing the trend of tripartite confrontation. Take this opportunity to promote agriculture, strengthen the granary, and save your strength before you can break the enemy. And Yun Chang will always be more loyal to Shu after this battle. This is my great plan! " From this point of view, letting Cao Cao go is not accidental, nor is it Kong's failure, but the situation forced him to do nothing.
Another example is Wei Yan. At that time, there were three pillars, and Shu's strength was relatively weak. Zhuge Liang struggled to survive in the crisis and naturally paid attention to recruiting talents. Besides Zhao and Wei Yan. Zhuge Liang took great pains in using it. Wei Yan can also be brave and good at fighting, and has repeatedly made meritorious military service. However, this person is disloyal and faithless. Zhuge Liang knew that he would rebel in the future, but the country was employing people, and this person had to use it, especially after Zhao and others died. Besides, if you don't use it, you may be used by the enemy. Zhuge Liang used him while guarding against him. When Zhuge Liang was dying from overwork, he ordered Wei Yan to break. That night, Wei Yan suddenly had a dream that there were two horns on his head. He knew it was a symbol of good luck, so he rose up and resisted, just as Zhuge Liang said. Or Zhuge Liang had arranged, left a sleeve, let Ma Dai cut Wei Yan's head. Know that he has a rebellious heart, or use it. This is like walking a tightrope. Zhuge Liang had a good idea. He dared not openly rebel when he was alive. No pity. Killing them before they rebelled made the soldiers feel cold. Only by laying an ambush around and killing it in one fell swoop, generally speaking, there is no doubt about employing people, but under certain circumstances, how to achieve the best results flexibly is really great wisdom.
When evaluating Zhuge Liang, Lu Xun thought that he was too divine and almost "demon". I can't deeply understand the comments of my predecessors. In my opinion, it is a "demon", which has a derogatory meaning. I don't think so. Although Zhuge Liang's cleverness is close to myth, calling him a "demon" is inevitably too harsh. He is just a man, a man of flesh and blood, and a man who values friendship.
In the battle of Jieting, Ma Su rushed to the top, and talked wildly again and again, which didn't attract his attention. This is his negligence. Pai Wang Ping, I wonder how Ma Su will listen to Wang Ping. This is another oversight. As a result, we lost our fighters, lost our land, lost our victory, lost our spirit, lost the great cause of destroying Wei Xinghan, and lost the wisdom that politicians and military strategists should have. It can be said that "one small step will become eternal hatred." This is a great failure of Kong Ming's life. Of course, there was Kong Ming's mistake, but it didn't happen. You see, when Ma Su was recruiting, Kongming had doubts, but the factors had a favorable impression on him, which could not erase his face. Therefore, he entrusted an important task and investigated its root cause, which was a word "affection". Afterwards, Kong Ming cried, "Your righteousness is like a brother to me, and your son is my son. There is no need to ask more. " This cry, a wave of his hand, deeply blamed himself, delayed the fighter plane, improperly employed people, and also hurt Masu, Tired and his family, which shows the depth of his "affection". The importance of "righteousness" can be seen in the placement and care of the Masu family. Kong Ming shouted. When Jiang Wan joined the army for mercy, Kong Ming cried and replied, "The people who cherish Sun Wu so that he can win the battle in the world are clearly used. Today, the four sides split up and the battle began. If the law is abolished, why seek thieves? We should cut it down. " This cry, and how many emotions. Ma Su will be beheaded. Although he can't bear it, he will enforce the law strictly. He cried because he wanted to behead himself and hated himself for not making good use of others. The street pavilion fell, the war situation was irreversible, and the prosperity of the Han dynasty was slim, from which sorrow came. Why don't you cry? When Masu finished his work, Kong Ming began to cry again. Jiang Wan asked: "The Prime Minister often offended when he was young. Since it is military, why are you crying?" ? "Kongming said," I'm not crying for Ma Su. I think, when the late Emperor was in danger in Baidicheng, he told me,' Ma Su is exaggerating and can't be of great use. Today, if I should follow his words, I deeply hate my ignorance and remember the words of my late emperor, so I cry bitterly! "The size of a soldier, all have a runny nose. This cry, how much grief and indignation welled up in my heart, in front of the once Maolin River; Autumn soldiers on the battlefield; Talking about the past and present with ancient emperors and the vast fields and the world is vivid. Thinking about the old kindness and regretting that I didn't listen to my late emperor, it was a waste of my late emperor's painstaking efforts. I deeply hate my ignorance and have lost the great cause of developing China. I'm sorry for the kindness of my late emperor, but it's affectionate, a word of "affection".
I think there is only one thing that Kong Ming is not "bright". When the first emperor, Baidicheng, entrusted orphans, he said, "Little master Liu Chan is incompetent and greedy for pleasure. When absolutely necessary, the Prime Minister can replace him and cheer me up. " However, no matter what the late emperor said, Kong Ming never violated his "feelings", and remained faithful and devoted himself to Shu until he died. How can the word "kindness" be enough? "It's a pity that the king won fame before and after his death!" Later generations once commented on Zhuge Liangyun:
Always care about the world.
During his two terms in power, he served the kingdom wholeheartedly.
He died before he started.
Attack and retreat
A generation of Zhuge Wuhou, his feelings can be expressed in the sky; Its meaning, the earth moved by it; Its wisdom is passed down from generation to generation; Its loyalty, admired by future generations, can be described as: a ray of clear soul died in the sky, leaving innocence in the world!