From the later period to the later period, we didn't write about the transformation of the Xia Dynasty for a few days, and continued our questions about the evidence chain of the Xia Dynasty. Tell you something about Qi State. According to historical records, the State of Qi was founded by the descendants of Xia. Zhou Wuwang, a businessman, asked the descendants of Yu Xia to be the proprietor and sealed them in Qiu Yong (now Qixian County, Henan Province), which was called Qi State in history. The title of the State of Qi was the duke of the highest rank in the feudal country at that time. During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Qi Dong moved to Shandong. ""moved to the northeast of Shandong in the Spring and Autumn Period "("History of Han Geography "). The most familiar idiom about Qi is alarmism. Some people in Qi were worried about the collapse of heaven and earth, and they died and sent them away. "This is a story about a man in the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was worried that the sky would fall and he had no place to live because he couldn't sleep well. This story is generally interpreted as unnecessary worry in later generations. In fact, from the perspective of ancient history, alarmism still has its special meaning. In ancient times, the worship of his country was endless. As early as the Yao, Shun and Yu dynasties, it was recorded that Emperor Shun took the son of Yao as a guest, not as a minister. Later, when Yu Xia ascended the throne, he also treated Shang Jun, the son of Shundi. However, in the era of Xia Qi, this rule was broken. At that time, Yu Xia's successor was Boyi, but Yu Xia died outside, just like Qin Shihuang died on a mountain patrol. Boyi, originally designated as the heir to the throne, somehow lost his right of inheritance and was released as Hou Fei. The establishment of the Xia Dynasty, in my opinion, is an epoch-making event. Judging from the historical records, the Yao, Shun and Yu period should still be the era of all ethnic groups, that is, the era when all tribes were grouped. At this time, some tribes developed better, while others developed worse. However, the tribes mainly live in peace. Although there are obvious hierarchical concepts within the tribe, people are generally equal, and its initial organizational form should be similar to that of clans in ethnic minority areas in the early history of China. Qi, who has made great contributions to the world's water control, has established absolute authority within the group after Huiji conquered Sanmiao and killed Fang Fenggu. The leaders of various tribes, from the title of Hou to the title of Hou, seem to be similar. In fact, he has changed from a completely independent Xiao Wang (Hou) to a Hou (male Hou Bozi) who needs to obey Wang (,,). So ... at least in name, Xia Dynasty has become a unified country. It is not known whether there is a systematic writing at this time, but the city, ancestral temple and bronze ware have undoubtedly appeared and are relatively complete. Just because bronzes are very valuable, hundreds of years later, they have not reached the developed level of a large number of gilding (bronzes) in the late Shang Dynasty, so there are almost no bronzes buried with them, so there are few unearthed cultural relics. (Bronzes have been unearthed from Qijia culture, Taosi site and Erlitou site.) At this time, China changed from a primitive clan tribe or clan tribe alliance to a parent-child country. Tribes attack by force, acquire land, food, property and people, and reward land or property to brave soldiers, turning captured hostile tribal people into slaves and entering the embryonic form of early slave countries. Due to the accumulation of wealth within the tribe, the poor are poorer and the rich are richer, and some poor people who have lost their property and land are forced to become slaves. This may be the true face of the state organization form in the early Xia and Shang Dynasties. It is no different from the process of founding the country by ethnic minorities in previous dynasties. When the Shang Dynasty was established in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Tianzi became king, established a set of founding theory based on Zhou Li, and re-established the system of taking the past as the country (after the first generation, that is, the descendants of the first generation kings) that had long been forgotten by Xia. Therefore, Qi Huangong's practice is to introduce Chen first, Qi first, Song first and Shang second. Regardless of whether the descendants today recognize the existence of Shun, at least during the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the existence of Shun, Yu and Xia was recognized and affirmed. Even after the enemy, he still made sacrifices and sealed the descendants of Shang in Shangqiu, that is, Song State. After that, there were few historical materials about Qi. Confucius said, "I can talk about summer gifts, but I can't find them." ..... lack of literature. Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty had a similar view. He said, "Qi Xiaowei is not enough to describe." What we can know is that a * * * has spread to twenty monarchs since the Duke of Jidong Building. In 445 BC, Qi died in Chu. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qi was a small country with a vague history. However, the alarmist stories we are familiar with make this long-forgotten country well engraved in the history books. Qi Ben is a descendant of Yu after the Xia Dynasty, that is, this is the royal family. As the Xia Houshi family, who used to be the master of the world, offering sacrifices to heaven was their privilege and the most important thing of their time. In the Zhou dynasty, there were different regulations on sacrifice. Sacrificing heaven and earth is the emperor's privilege, and princes and nobles and lower nobles cannot sacrifice heaven and earth. Therefore, even in the Spring and Autumn Period after nearly a thousand years of national subjugation, Qi people were still concerned about whether the sky would fall, which reflected the objective fact that Qi was originally Xia Hou. According to "Dai Li Short Story", Shang Tang destroyed Xia Hou and moved Xia adherents to Qi State (now Qixian County, Henan Province). However, if this Qi State survived or perished in Shang Dynasty, it was intermittent. In the king's view, after the summer, there is nothing absolutely necessary to guard against. There are also records of Qi in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins. According to legend, one of the concubines of Wu Ding in Shang Dynasty was the daughter of Qi. In ()' s Oracle bone inscriptions, it is recorded: "Minister, in Qi, Zhen: Did the king die after stepping on the Shang Dynasty?" . This passage means that on the day of Renchen's divination, he asked in Qiqi: King Di Xin of Shang Dynasty, is there any disaster today? The merchants here should be Shangqiu, the hometown where merchants started. Qixian county is very close to Shangqiu, dozens of kilometers away. Thus, Qi State is definitely one of the Fang States of Shang Dynasty, and it is by no means a descendant invented by Zhou Wuwang. Judging from the ruins of Taosi in Linfen, Shanxi Province, Taosi should be a relatively civilized ancient country during the Yao, Shun and Yu period. He rarely expanded to the outside world, that is to say, the Taosi culture did not spread to all parts of the country, which was very unreasonable for the very advanced Taosi culture at that time. From here, we may see that in the Yao, Shun and Yu period recorded in Shangshu Yu Shu, there was indeed an era of serving people with virtue. However, there was chaos in the summer, and the punishment for Yu proved from one side that in the summer, the tribal alliance that served people with virtue might really become an ancient country of slavery for early parents who served people with strength. Finally, the summer disaster in Shang Tang is not the tyranny of Xia Jie, but the normal historical fact that one country replaced another. The above is the research conclusion drawn by Zhenzhitang from the existence of Qi State in the Western Zhou Dynasty. First launched on the network platform, please do not copy plagiarism. Share true knowledge and pass positive energy! If you also like collecting and the history and culture of China, welcome to pay attention to the porcelain appraisal hall! Thank you for your collection and forwarding! The picture comes from the internet, thanks to the hard work of the original author. Need more knowledge and pictures of history, culture and cultural relics identification, and you can identify the real knowledge hall of Baidu porcelain! Go to the author's blog.