During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang misused Ma Su and lost his strategic location-Jieting. Wei took advantage of the situation to lead Sima Yi to the Xicheng where Zhuge Liang was located.

At that time, there were no generals around Zhuge Liang, only a group of civil servants and military commanders. Half of the 5,000 troops led by Zhuge Liang went to transport food and grass, leaving only 2,500 soldiers in the city.

Everyone was shocked to hear that Sima Yi was coming with troops. After Zhuge Liang boarded the tower to watch, he said to the crowd, "Don't panic. I can teach Sima Yi to retreat with a little trick."

So Zhuge Liang ordered all the flags to be hidden, and the soldiers stayed where they were. If anyone goes out without permission or makes noise, they will be beheaded immediately. He also asked the soldiers to open four gates, and sent 20 soldiers above each gate to dress up as ordinary people and sprinkle water to sweep the street.

Zhuge Liang put on a crane himself, put on a tall black silk scarf, led two extremely young children, took a piano, sat down on the railing in front of the watchtower in the city, lit incense, and then slowly played the piano.

Sima Yi's vanguard troops arrived at the gate. Seeing this momentum, they dared not enter the city easily and hurried back to report to Sima Yi. Upon hearing this, Sima Yi smiled and said, "How is this possible?" So he stopped the three armies and flew to watch.

Not far from the city, he really saw Zhuge Liang sitting on the rostrum, smiling, burning incense and playing the piano. On the left is an extremely bookish man with a sword in his hand; There is also an extremely young man on the right, with a dusting in his hand.

Inside and outside the city gate, more than 20 ordinary people are sweeping their heads, and no one is watching. When Sima Yi saw this, he was puzzled and went to Zhong Jun, where he ordered the rear army to be the former army and the former army to retreat.

Si Mazhao, the second son, said, "Zhuge Liang's family has no soldiers, so he did this on purpose? Father, why do you want to withdraw? "

Sima Yi said: "Zhuge Liang was cautious all his life and never took risks. Now that the gate is wide open, there will be an ambush inside. If our army goes in, it will just fall into their trap. Or hurry back! " So all the soldiers and horses retreated.

2. Grass boat borrows arrows

During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao led 800,000 troops to conquer Wu Dong. Sun Quan and Liu Bei planned to unite against Wei. There was a general named Zhou Yu under Sun Quan. He was clever and brave, but he was a little narrow-minded and jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent.

Because the water war needs arrows, Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to build 100 thousand arrows in ten days, but Zhuge Liang only needed three days, and he was willing to issue a military order, and he was willing to be punished if he failed to complete the task.

Zhou Yu thought it was impossible to build 100,000 arrows in three days, and he just took this opportunity to get rid of Zhuge Liang. So on the one hand, he told military craftsmen not to prepare all the materials for making arrows, and on the other hand, he told minister Lu Su to inquire about Zhuge Liang's reality.

Lu Su met Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang said, "Please help me with this. I hope you can lend me 20 boats, each with 30 soldiers. The ship should be covered with green curtains, and more than 1000 grass targets should be arranged on both sides of the ship. However, this matter must not be known to your governor, otherwise it will not work. "

Lu Su reported to Zhou Yu that there was no need to prepare materials, and he made no mention of Zhuge Liang's plan. Two days passed and nothing happened.

Zhou Yu thought: He must not build it well. On the third day, at four o'clock, Zhuge Liang secretly asked Lu Su to board the boat together, saying that they would go to get the arrow together. Zhuge Liang ordered the ropes on the ship to be connected and rushed to the other side.

The river was foggy that day, and there was no one on the other side. When the boat approached the water village in Cao Jun, Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to be set aside and let the soldiers beat drums and shout.

Thinking that the other side was coming to attack, Cao Cao was afraid of being ambushed in the fog, so he sent 6 thousand archers from the drought village to shoot arrows into the river, and the arrows rained down on the grass target.

After a while, Zhuge Liang ordered the ship to turn around and let the other side get an arrow. When the sun comes out, the fog will disperse. Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to return quickly. At this time, the wind was smooth, and it was too late for Cao Cao to chase.

At this time, the grass targets on both sides of the ship were densely covered with arrows, and there were at least five or six thousand on each ship, a total of 20 ships, with a total of far more than 100 thousand. When Lu Su told Zhou Yu the story of borrowing an arrow, Zhou Yu sighed, "Zhuge Liang has a clever plan, but I am not as good as him."

3. Debate between Confucianism

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao seized the emperor to make the princes, and most of the more powerful warlords were wiped out by him. Only Liu Bei and Sun Quan have the possibility of development and expansion, and Cao Cao knows that it is still difficult to annex these two forces at once. So Cao Cao sent people to Soochow with letters, trying to join hands with Sun Quan to destroy Liu Bei.

Most of Sun Quan's advisers advocated Cao Cao's self-protection, and only Lu Su advocated Liu Kang Cao. However, Lu Su knew that it was difficult to convince Sun Quan and the civil servants in Soochow, and specially invited Zhuge Liang to be a lobbyist.

Lu Su introduced Zhuge Liang to a group of counselors in Wu Dong. These people are not ordinary people, but they are all learned people. Zhang Zhao, the first counselor of Wudong, first made a fuss, saying: I heard that Liu Bei visited your home three times before inviting you out of the mountain, thinking that having you would be like fishing in troubled waters and trying to seize the nine counties of Jingxiang as the base. But Jing Xiang has been got by Cao Cao. What do you think?

Zhuge Liang thought that if Zhang Zhao was not stumped first, there would be no way to convince Sun Quanlian and Liu Kangcao. Zhuge Liang said: Liu Bei took Jingxiang's territory easily, but he didn't want to seize the inheritance of the same clan. Cao Cao took advantage of it.

Now we are stationed in Jiangxia, and there are other grand plans. How do idle people know this? In matters of state affairs and social security, people with real talents and practical knowledge should come up with good ideas.

The speaker, sitting and talking, can't figure out a way when he meets something, but he can only be laughed at by the whole world. In a word, Mr. Zhang was speechless.

Later, a counselor asked: Cao Cao stationed millions of troops and will list thousands of people. You say you're not afraid, you brag. Zhuge Liang replied: Liu Bei retreated to Xiakou and waited for an opportunity, but the soldiers had enough food and grass, and the Yangtze River had natural dangers to defend, but it was your shame to persuade Sun Quan to surrender to Cao.

The counselors of Soochow challenged Zhuge Liang one by one, as many as seven, and Zhuge Liang refuted them.

4, seven capture Meng Huo

In 225 AD, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, led the army south to consolidate the rear. Just as we were preparing to withdraw our troops, Meng Huo, the leader of the southern barbarians, gathered defeated skirmishers to attack the Shu army.

Zhuge Liang learned that Meng Huo was not only brave and strong-willed, but also loyal to others. He is very popular among Yi people, even many Han people worship him, so he decided to win him over.

Meng Huo is brave, but he is not good at fighting. The first time I went into battle, I saw the Shu soldiers retreating, thinking that the Shu soldiers were defeated by themselves and desperately chased them. As a result, they broke into an ambush and were captured.

Meng Huo decided that he was going to be executed by Zhuge Liang, so he told himself to die like a hero and not to be ashamed. Unexpectedly, Zhuge Liang personally untied him and persuaded him to submit.

Meng Huo refused to accept the failure and refused arrogantly. Zhuge Liang did not force him, but accompanied him to look at the military camp that had been arranged, and then specially asked him, "What do you think of the layout of this military camp?"

Meng Huo watched carefully. He found that the barracks were full of old, weak and disabled soldiers, so he said bluntly, "I didn't know if you were real before, so I was defeated." Now I see your barracks. In that case, it is not difficult to beat you. "

Zhuge Liang did not explain, but smiled and let Meng Huo go back. He knew that Meng Huo would come to steal the camp tonight and immediately arranged an ambush.

When Meng Huo returned home, he proudly told his servants that the Shu army was old, weak and beaten, and the layout of the barracks had been clearly seen. It's no big deal. If he robs the camp at midnight tonight, Zhuge Liang will be caught.

That evening, Meng Huo selected 500 swordsmen and quietly entered the camp of the Shu army. Nothing can stop them. Meng Huo was secretly happy and thought that success was imminent. Unexpectedly, the Shu army ambushed and Meng Huo was captured again.

Meng Huo was captured one after another and never dared to act rashly again. He led all the troops back to the south bank of Shanghai, only defending and not attacking. When Shu soldiers arrived in Shanghai, they couldn't get through without a boat. The weather is very hot and there are many difficulties.

Zhuge Liang ordered the construction of some rafts and bamboo rafts, while sending a small number of soldiers to pretend to cross the river, but when he reached the middle of the river, he immediately returned to the other side and then crossed the river.

On the one hand, he divided his troops into two ways, bypassing the narrow places in the upper and lower reaches and crossing the river to surround the uptown where Meng Huo was holed up. Later, Meng Huo was captured again.

Although Meng Huo was captured for the third time, he was still unconvinced. Zhuge Liang still didn't kill him; Entertain him and send him back.

Some soldiers don't understand Zhuge Liang's practice and think that he is kind and generous to Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang explained to everyone: "If our army wants to completely pacify the south, we must reuse people like Meng Huo. If he can really contact southerners to work for the court, he can be worth 100 thousand troops. You work harder now, and you don't have to fight here anymore. "

After Meng Huo was captured and released this time, he made up his mind not to fight the Shu soldiers. But as time goes on. The camp ran out of food and sent someone to borrow food from Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang agreed, but asked Meng Huo to go out in person and fight with the generals of the Shu army.

Meng Huo defeated several Shu generals in succession, but as soon as he got a lot of food, he tripped over the horse rope and was captured. Shu will immediately convey Zhuge Liang's orders and let Meng Huo go back to move food.

In this case, Meng Huo finally admired Zhuge Liang from his heart. In order to make all the tribes submit to Shu, he invited the tribal leaders to go with him. As a result, the Shu soldiers led them into an ambush and caught them all.

Word came from the Shu camp that Meng Huo was going back, and many department leaders asked Meng Huo to be the main commander. What shall we do? Meng Huo said with tears, "I've never heard of that in war, that is, seven strikes and seven arrests (that is, six releases and seven arrests)." The Prime Minister has done his best for us, and I have no face to go back. "

In this way, Meng Huo and others finally obeyed Shu Han and the jurisdiction.

5. Tear Masu.

In the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang sent troops to Qishan to explore Wei. Zhuge Liang appointed Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi as suspected soldiers, occupied Ji Gu (now north of Hanzhong, Shaanxi) and personally led hundreds of troops to raid Qishan occupied by Wei Jun (now in Gansu).

At that time, there were veterans of the battlefield, such as Wei Yan and Wu Yi. Critics say that these people should be pioneers, but Zhuge Liang promoted Ma Su and appointed Ma Su as the pioneer and marched forward.

When Cao Cao of Wei Mingdi learned that Shu Han was coming to attack, he sent a general and governor Zhang He to stop Ma Su in the street pavilion (now northeast of Qin 'an, Gansu).

Due to Ma Su's violation of Zhuge Liang's operational deployment, he abandoned the water source and stationed troops in Nanshan, with scattered forces and chaotic scheduling. Wang Ping, the pioneer of Ma Su, advised Ma Su many times, but Ma Su didn't adopt his strategy.

Moreover, Ma Su relies on the topography of Nanshan, and is not a city camping at the foot of the mountain. Zhang He cut off Ma Su's water supply, launched an attack, defeated Ma Su, and Ma Su's soldiers fled. Zhuge Liang had no place to enter the army, so he had to capture more than a thousand people in West County and return to Hanzhong.

After Zhuge Liang returned to the army, he beheaded Ma Su, Zhang Xiu and Ju Lushi who were fighting with him in the street pavilion. After Ma Su's death, Zhuge Liang personally went to offer condolences, wept bitterly for him, comforted his children and treated them well as usual. Masu died at 39.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Seven Capture Meng Huo

Baidu encyclopedia-grass boat borrows arrow

Baidu Encyclopedia-Confucianists' Debate

Baidu encyclopedia-empty city plan

Baidu Encyclopedia-Si Masu