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There is a saying in American education that Harvard University can be regarded as a crown among all universities in the United States, and the jewel in the crown is Harvard Business School.

Harvard Business School (HBS), founded in 108, is the most famous institution in the United States to train enterprise talents. It is called "factory" by Americans to train businessmen, executives and general managers, and many great American entrepreneurs and politicians have studied here. 1/5 of the top managers of the top 500 companies in the United States graduated from this college. Harvard MBA has become a symbol of power and money, and a degree that many young Americans dream of.

Chinese name

Harvard Business School

Foreign name

HBS, Harvard Business School

school motto

"Truth" (Veritas)

start time

1908

kind

Private research university

Belonging area

United States of America

Land address

Boston, Massachusetts

catalogue

1 campus culture

2 Historical evolution

3 well-known alumni

4 educational goals

direction

student recruitment

fund

5 Curriculum setting

course

First-year course

Second grade course

Compulsory courses and elective courses

6 manager training

creative

With or without ability

7 teaching characteristics

Case teaching

Learning mechanism

preview

Work with one's head

Independent thinking

The quality of students

Tension rhythm

experience

process of thought

Have no leisure time

Attach importance to practice

8 Sanzui College

highest

strong

The most prestigious

campus culture

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Although Harvard University is brilliant, the Harvard Business School in the university is even more valuable.

There is a saying in American education that Harvard University can be regarded as a crown among all universities in the United States, and the jewel in the crown is Harvard Business School.

In China, "Harvard Business School" seems to be a myth and a superstition. Speaking of Harvard, talking about MBA seems to be a fashion and fashion. Real people of insight have begun to impulsively contact and learn Harvard MBA.

In China, 50 famous universities offer MBA research courses based on foreign experience, and tens of thousands of people apply for it every year, and the number of candidates increases sharply year by year. It is said that doctors from other disciplines have also come back to study for MBA.

If you want to be an MBA, you don't have to take the national examination. Although it is a correct and wise choice, this choice belongs to only a few lucky people. In fact, it is the commodity economy that casts a mysterious aura on MBA. MBA is just a qualification, an education. Even if you are an MBA graduate, this is only the first step to your success. If you want to become a real MBA, you still need to work hard in practice and keep learning in practice.

Cultivating managers in China and building the backbone of modern enterprises and economy in China is a huge social project, which requires the efforts of one generation or even several generations. I hope the publication of this book will contribute to this project. At the same time, I hope more people will care about and participate in this project. We believe that the future of China is bright, and China will stand among powerful countries. We also believe that managers in China will not only have exquisite oriental philosophy and typical China personality, but also have an open, free, adventurous and self-fulfilling practical philosophy and a highly sensitive mind to the market. We look forward to and call for the arrival of the era of general manager China.

The development of history

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Harvard University is the oldest and most famous university in America. Over the past 300 years, Harvard University has trained countless politicians, scientists, writers and scholars for the United States and the world. /kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the first British immigrants landed in North America, and some people chose to settle in Boston. Among these residents, a group of Puritans who had received classical higher education at Oxford University or Cambridge University established this institution in 1636, which was then called Cambridge College. Later, a man named john harvard donated his life savings and 400 books to the school before 1639 died. In memory of john harvard, the first philanthropist, this school is called Harvard University.

Famous alumni

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So far, eight American presidents have come from Harvard.

Harvard Business School

They are: john adams, john quincy adams, Rutherford Hayes, theodore roosevelt, franklin roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, george walker bush and barack obama.

Henry adams, john passos, Radov Emerson, henry thoreau and Henry James are all famous writers, writers and historians of Harvard. Psychologist william james; Journalists like walter lippmann and Joseph alsop.

Famous scientists include astronomer benjamin pierce, chemist theodore richards and geologist Nathaniel Scheler.

Thirty-three Harvard graduates won the Nobel Prize in Science. Henry Kissinger was not included because he won the Nobel Peace Prize, which will go down in the annals of government officials. Among the cabinet members of former US President Ronald Reagan, Secretary of Defense Weinberg, Secretary of Finance Reagan and Secretary of Transportation Lewis are all graduates of Harvard University. Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, also studied at Harvard. There are also former US President George H.W. Bush, former US Vice President Al Gore, current President Barack Obama, new york Mayor Bloomberg, Massachusetts Governor Romney, Philippine President Arroyo, and former Taiwan Province local leader Zhen Mu Wang-Jiu, all of whom are Harvard graduates.

Harvard Business School (15)

The reason why Harvard University stands at the top of universities in the world today is inseparable from its excellent teaching methods and brilliant educational achievements. Joe Morris, a famous TV commentator of ABC, once said during the celebration of Harvard's 350th anniversary: "A university that has trained 8 American presidents, 33 Nobel Prize winners, 32 Pulitzer Prize winners and dozens of presidents of multinational corporations has enough influence to dominate this country ...".

Marvin bower is the founder of McKinsey, the founder of management consulting industry, the father of management consulting, and a management master as famous as peter drucker.

Alfred Chandler, Business History

Clayton christensen, technology and integrated management (founder of subversive technology concept).

Rosabeth Moss Kanter, management.

Robert S. Kaplan, accounting (the original proponent of the concept of balanced scorecard)

Is also a chalk guide, organizational behavior.

George elton mayo (Elton Mayo)

Robert C. Merton, 1997 Nobel Prize winner in economics.

University professor Michael Porter; Competitive strategy; One of the founders of Molit Group.

Shahikant Patel, Australian diplomat to the United States

Howard Raiffa, decision analysis

Ed Zschau, general management

Rakesh Khurana, CEO of organizational behavior and labor market.

Educational goal

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direction

Harvard Business School (HBS), founded on 106, is the most famous institution in the United States to train enterprise talents. It is called West Point Military Academy by Americans as a businessman, director and general manager, and many great American entrepreneurs and politicians have studied here. 1/5 of the top managers of the top 500 companies in the United States graduated from this college. Harvard MBA (MasterofBusinessAdministration for short) has become a symbol of power and money, and it has become the dream degree of many American youths.

Harvard Business School is a "factory" that makes "professional bosses". Everyone in Harvard MBA is crazy about the growth and profit of the enterprise. They have a strong impulse to pursue success and a feeling of being pretentious. They are professional killers in business activities. The average annual salary of MBA can reach more than $654.38 million, so that Americans accuse MBA of its high value.

student recruitment

Harvard Business School enrolls 750 two-year graduate students, 30 four-year doctoral students and 2,000 on-the-job managers for study and training every year. In summer, we will also recruit six weeks of "professional management (such as medical and health management, university and college management, etc.). ) ".More than 0/00 courses on policy, decision-making, planning, control, finance, market, production and operation, scientific and technological development, organizational structure, behavioral science, mathematical methods and computer technology can be offered throughout the year.

fund

Harvard Business School is the largest, richest, most prestigious and authoritative school of management in the United States. Harvard Business School has a capital of $250 million, more than all other management schools in the United States combined.

The academic system of HBS is two years. In the first academic year, I will study unified compulsory courses, and in the second academic year, I will enter specialized courses. It has been like this for nearly 90 years. The curriculum of HBS has become a reference model for master's courses in almost all university business schools, and its school rules and disciplines have also been imitated by other schools.

However, there is a strange imbalance in the teaching plan of Harvard Business School. The first year of the course is overwhelming, and the second year is a little easier.

course

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course

How to do a good job in the course of a general manager is mainly to teach a successful general manager the qualities he should have and the roles he should play, as well as how to cultivate these qualities and how to play different roles in different situations.

The only compulsory course in Senior Two is to learn how to be a general manager. As we all know, the goal of Harvard Business School is to train general managers, not accountants, market analysts, production planning experts and other professionals.

Shareholders are the owners of modern enterprises and generally do not participate in management. The board of directors representing the interests of shareholders appoints the general manager and entrusts him with the important task of agent. It is natural that shareholders want to get more profits and higher return on investment. At the same time, it is understandable that workers also want to get more wages, use newer machinery and equipment and have a comfortable working environment. In addition, customers, suppliers and society all have different requirements for enterprises. The general manager's task is to lead enterprises to compete successfully in the market, taking into account the interests of all parties.

It must be pointed out here that general manager and leader are not the same thing. The leader is not necessarily the general manager, and the general manager is not necessarily the leader. Anyone in any position can play a leading role, but only a successful general manager is also a leader. The most basic characteristics of leaders are foresight and courage to think and act; He has lofty ideals and full of confidence. He can use this ideal to inspire others and let others follow him. Leaders will not impose their ideals on others. His charm lies in that he can impress a large group of people with his own ideal, so that they have the same confidence, enthusiasm and drive as himself, and thus participate in the efforts to realize this ideal.

First-year course

First-year course

Harvard University (1 1)

The typical arrangement is to have three 80-minute classes every morning. Basically, a case is arranged for each class. The average student needs 3-4 hours to prepare a case. Plus extracurricular study groups and class time, it takes about 13- 18 hours to study every day. Many students study until one or two in the morning almost every day, then sleep for a few hours, and then get up and go to school. Class begins at half past eight. Students estimate that at least 75% of the learning tasks in the first year are compressed into two semesters; 20% will stay in the first semester of the second year, leaving only 5% of the learning tasks in the second semester. So it can be said that we should work hard in the first year and exert ourselves in the second year. The first semester of the first year is unforgettable for the first person to enter Harvard Business School. It can be said that this is a term of "learning is daunting". All courses are compulsory this semester. No one can abstain and make exceptions. Even a certified public accountant should take an accounting course. Freshmen who have just entered the college are not familiar with the unique case teaching method, and it is difficult to prepare dozens of pages of cases, especially for foreign students who are not native English speakers. Because almost all the required courses must be completed in the first and second semesters, you can't delay learning any difficult courses in order to make your study easier. Therefore, it is those who are quite talented; Students who have made outstanding achievements after graduation will inevitably doubt their abilities in the first few weeks. Even the best students are extremely nervous before the first mid-term exam.

Second grade course

For most students, after the first semester, they can relax and believe that they can spend the rest of their time smoothly. A sense of accomplishment and optimism replaced the anxiety and tension in the first few months. By the second semester, most students are still immersed in study and research, but self-confidence has taken root in them. The second year of HBS is completely different from the first year. Except for one compulsory course, all courses are chosen by students themselves, so the interest in class participation has increased and the class has become smaller. There are only 40-70 students in each class, unlike the first year. You must stay with 89 classmates. In this way, the frequency of students' participation has also increased, and they are less nervous when they are called by professors. The preparation time is basically shortened to less than two hours, but there are still six hours of study time every day. This does not mean that next year's case will be easier. In fact, cases are usually longer and more difficult. However, after being exposed to more than 400 cases in the first year, students are better at grasping the core of cases and analyzing the key factors in cases.

Compulsory courses and elective courses

In order to cultivate students' skills, Harvard Business School has set up 12 compulsory courses and many elective courses. 12 compulsory courses include: management strategy and policy, management control, management economics, marketing, organizational behavior, management communication, human resource management, production and operation management, financial management, enterprise and government and international economy, management simulation training, and how to be a good general manager. Among them, the former 1 1 course is arranged in the first academic year, and how to be a general manager is the only required course arranged in the second academic year.

The course of enterprise strategy and policy should be completed within two years, and the two-year teaching focuses on different aspects. The first year mainly focuses on the role and responsibility of senior managers in formulating the company's strategic policies; The second year focuses on how to implement the strategy. This course is regarded as the foundation of the whole course system of HBS, and it is used to cultivate all kinds of knowledge and abilities related to enterprise management that students should master as senior managers of enterprises.

Management control course mainly teaches how to objectively evaluate the operating conditions of enterprises, as well as the skills and various specific procedures for planning, forecasting and assessing the performance of the whole enterprise and internal departments.

The course of management economics mainly teaches various mathematical and statistical methods needed for analysis in the decision-making process. Make students master how to decompose a specific complex problem, and then form a decision.

Marketing course is a course closely related to enterprise strategy. Its main lectures are: how to develop products according to market demand; How to choose and make a correct market positioning; How to advertise products; How to promote products according to consumers' demand and purchasing power?

Organizational behavior is a public course in management department. In this course of HBS, students are mainly guided to understand the relationship among people's needs, motivations and behaviors in enterprise organizations through management games's methods. Understand what corporate culture is; What is the organizational structure of the enterprise; What is the relationship between people in the enterprise and so on.

The course of management communication mainly teaches how to investigate various problems, reports, suggestions and decisions existing in the enterprise, and communicate and exchange with the inside and outside of the enterprise.

The course of human resource management is the deepening of organizational behavior, and its main teaching is how to coordinate and deal with the relationship between people, so as to realize the business strategy of enterprises and mobilize people's enthusiasm.

"Production Management" is a comprehensive course. By analyzing many examples about production process, operation methods, production capacity utilization rate, operation plan, new technology adoption and quality control, it teaches how to effectively use manpower, financial resources, raw materials and machinery to organize daily production activities, reduce costs, improve quality, increase investment returns, and learn to formulate long-term production strategies and technology development strategies.

The main content of financial management course is: how to make correct investment and financial management through the most reasonable capital composition.

Decision-making, so that the enterprise's funds are in the best and most effective state of movement.

"Business and Government and International Economics" integrates the knowledge of economy, politics, history, finance, law and business policy, and discusses how a country and an enterprise can formulate its own development strategy according to the domestic and international political and economic situation.

The business administration simulation training course is mainly for students to deal with practical problems according to the above knowledge.

Manager training

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Harvard Business School believes that a successful general manager should be a generalist with at least three skills, namely, technical skills, personnel skills and conceptual skills. These three skills can eliminate the necessity of special characteristics and provide effective methods to treat and handle the management process correctly, which is also what Harvard Business School learned in the compulsory course 1 1 in the first academic year.

In addition, Harvard also believes that creativity is the basis of becoming an excellent general manager, and creativity should cultivate the following characteristics:

creative

1. Curiosity determines the size of creativity.

2. Be creative and open-minded.

3. Have a strong sensitivity to problems.

Be confident in the face of difficulties and be bold in the face of opportunities.

5. Moderate motivation and intensity, no quick success, no indecision.

6. Be able to grasp the core of the problem and make the right choice in the face of complex things.

7. Creative memory, so that the fragments of memory are interrelated and have jumping mobility.

Facing the increasingly complex enterprise organization today, management has become a very complicated matter. To be a good manager, everything must be done satisfactorily, and a high-quality general manager is needed. He must be: a good planner; Organizing experts; A coordinator; Controller; Analyst; Sponsor; A designer; An exchange of views; Many times, you must also be a teacher; A tireless learner; Must be the decision maker. The general manager is a genius and a generalist.

With or without ability

Harvard believes that the general manager is the commander-in-chief of the enterprise, and his ability directly affects the survival and development of the enterprise. In fact, a general manager is like the conductor of a band. Every instrument is noisy when it is played in its own way, but through the efforts, insight and leadership of the conductor, it can be combined into a living movement. However, the conductor has the score made by the composer, and the conductor is only the person who explains the score. The general manager is not. He is both a composer and a conductor. This special position requires the general manager to be clear about his role in enterprise management activities.

The above-mentioned non-professional quality training belongs to the only compulsory course of the second year of "General Manager". "The general manager mainly teaches the qualities that a successful general manager should have, the role he should play, how to cultivate these qualities, and how to play different roles in different situations. It can be said that "General Manager" is a summary and sublimation of other MBA courses, which promotes students from quantitative change to qualitative change, and is also a bridge from ivory tower to business.

"General Manager" mainly teaches the qualities that a successful general manager should have, the roles he should play, and how to cultivate these qualities and play different roles in different situations. It teaches real "management science" instead of "management science", and it trains capable senior management talents instead of knowledge-based professionals. Not accountants, market analysts and production planning experts, but general managers and managers. Of course, this is the goal of Harvard Business School.

In Harvard Business School, students should not only learn all kinds of knowledge about business management, but also learn to handle many other topics independently. They must cultivate their decision-making ability in all aspects and learn to recognize themselves after making these decisions. In other words, Harvard Business School pays special attention to cultivating students' independent thinking ability.

As mentioned earlier, the course of Harvard Business School focuses on case teaching, which is a teaching method with no single correct answer. But it is this case teaching method that has no only correct answer that forces students to think independently.

In order to ensure the diversity and comprehensiveness of cases used in classroom teaching, Harvard Business School should discuss all cases carefully and repeatedly before formally incorporating them into the curriculum. A case usually takes two or three classes. Each class lasts 80 minutes. At the beginning of each class, the professor first appoints a student to explain the case, analyze the problem and put forward the means to solve it, or point out the ways and means to achieve the company's goals. The given time is generally 10-F20 minutes. Then other students analyze the same case from their own point of view, expounding their own views, analysis, judgment, measures, and what is better than what the first speaker said.

Teaching characteristics

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Case teaching

In order to get a chance to speak, students often don't give in to each other. When you call him, the classroom is often in a mess. Professors try their best to control the situation and guide their speeches, but there are always some students who are still arguing with each other despite their teachers' suggestions. In this case, if you don't come to your own conclusions and plans through independent thinking, you don't have to stand up at all, let alone speak in a hurry (of course, if you can get ahead of others and say the same or similar views with them). Otherwise, you will certainly not attract the attention of the professor, and may even attract the ridicule of your classmates.

Learning mechanism

Harvard Business School's case teaching method is a learning mechanism that constantly puts pressure on students. Half of the students' grades in the college depend on the speeches in class and the other half on the test scores, and there are few written assignments. Therefore, every student attaches great importance to pre-class preparation and classroom speech.

preview

Preview is very important for Harvard Business School students, because it is related to the quality of the speech the next day or the first class. The next morning, they will go to class with the action plan they got after their independent thinking on the first day.

Harvard Business School has repeatedly stressed to students that in all required courses, the goal of a manager is to analyze all kinds of complicated situations and weigh the necessary gains and losses, so as to coordinate various policies and ensure that these policies are consistent with organizational goals.

Work with one's head

The essence of case teaching method is not to make students memorize the content, but to force them to use their brains and think hard. Each case describes the real problems encountered by industrial and commercial enterprises. Some cases seem to describe the whole battle from the perspective of a marshal; Others recorded the local situation faced by a school official. In some cases, information should be deliberately withheld, and sometimes more information should be deliberately provided. At the end of the case, students are always asked, "What do you think should be done?"

Independent thinking

It is difficult to give a satisfactory answer to this question without careful independent thinking. Case method trains the art of decision-making and students' ability to make decisions independently under unsatisfactory circumstances. Most of the real world does not have an accurate answer, but many choices are limited by time, resources and talent. The "future general manager" must learn to make the best decision according to his own actual situation.

Case teaching method is not a learning method that can be easily introduced by any university. Even at Harvard Business School, it takes most students a semester to get used to it. One of the measures to help students adapt to this unique teaching method as soon as possible is that Harvard actively advocates the formation of extracurricular study groups. But in fact, although students need to spend a lot of time communicating and helping each other in class discussion, group study and dormitory notes exchange, whether they can really learn well depends on their own efforts and independent thinking.

The quality of students

Business schools divide freshmen into nine classes from A to I, with 90 students in each class. There are fixed classrooms, and classes are arranged according to students' backgrounds, experiences, specialties and interests. Among the students are the children of American senators, science students with doctorates, Olympic athletes, instructors at West Point Military Academy, tax lawyers, accountants, bankers and engineers.

No matter what major students studied before, the first year's class is a compulsory course. The content includes accounting, management economics, marketing, writing lectures, organizational behavior, production management, human resource management, enterprise strategy, international political economy and management simulation competition.

Tension rhythm

Harvard's pace is tense, and it must be. It is not easy to train general manager talents in just two years. The value of Harvard education is to condense the experience that usually requires years of work practice into a two-year course, and to "ripen" the inexperienced students.

In two years, students have to analyze more than 800 cases. These business cases were produced and designed by professors, graduates and other related researchers of Harvard University. In order to ensure the diversity and comprehensiveness of these cases, all cases should be carefully and repeatedly discussed before they are formally included in the curriculum. A case usually involves two or three classes, each class is 80 minutes.

At the beginning of each class, the professor first appoints a student to explain the case, analyze the problem and put forward the means to solve it, or point out the ways and means to achieve the company's goals. The given time is generally 10-20 minutes.

Then other students analyze the same case from their own point of view and explain their own views. What is better than the first speaker? In order to get a chance to speak, my classmates often applaud me and give each other a hard time. The classroom is often chaotic, while the professor tries to control the situation and guide the speech. However, there are always many students who are still angry with each other despite the professor's advice. Sometimes professors have to take tough measures to intimidate students so that discussions can proceed normally.

The cases used in HBS lectures are quite different from those used in general universities. General colleges often prepare the analysis results of cases in advance as the correct answers. However, HBS believes that the correct answer to a case is by no means the only result of case analysis, it is often an intermediate product, which will always leave many unresolved questions in the end.

So sometimes even when doing a case, we will consciously miss some important information or data. It pays attention to how to adapt to the situation and the changes of the situation to determine better and more effective management methods, but pays little attention to the solution of business problems. The teaching of HBS attaches great importance to how to analyze the "methods" of complex enterprises.

Therefore, it can be said that the case analysis teaching of HBS is not the teaching of finding the correct answer, and there is actually no absolutely correct answer.

In a sense, learning more than 800 cases in two academic years is like playing a huge jigsaw puzzle in two years. Although each piece has a specific position, which piece you spell first, from the side, from the corner or from the middle, can be ever-changing, depending on your own wishes.

The case analysis teaching method of HBS is to try to put students in the position of an actual operator and learn what business is and how to operate it from the actual combat environment. The handouts and materials distributed to students will never be digested by rote. If you really want to learn the course content, you must read 2-3 cases every night, analyze them in detail and take notes. It usually takes more than two hours to fully prepare a case. Without reading ability and superhuman analytical ability, it is simply unbearable.

experience

This is the first time that a HBS graduate talked about her experience in making a case report:

When the professor in the marketing class asked me to talk about the case of Blake Dacker, my heart suddenly pounded. I want to announce to the students who are waiting for my speech that I will merge the electric tools department of GE into Black Decker.

I glanced at my notes and tried to recall the main points of the report prepared last night. But I felt nervous when I realized that I hadn't worked out the breakeven sales to implement my plan. I know my classmates will find this omission, but I don't have time. I looked up and stopped reading my notes.

The classroom is so quiet that all eyes are fixed on me. "I made a medium-and long-term implementation plan," I began. While I was talking, the professor listed the goals and key steps of the plan on the blackboard. I spent about 10 minutes talking about the production and marketing strategy that Blake Dacker should implement, the investment budget and time schedule of the strategy, and the contingency measures to deal with competitors in all aspects.

When the speech entered the conclusion stage, I was even a little complacent. Because just last night, our extracurricular study group had a full discussion on this case. I'm sure my report is first-rate.

However, my voice did not fall, and more than 80 hands were unceremoniously raised, ready to attack my plan. This is my first case report at Harvard Business School.

Hope to adopt