Cao Cao is a famous politician, strategist and writer in history. However, due to the wide spread of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the image of Cao Cao has been greatly deformed.
Influenced by the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, many historians today believe that Hua Tuo is not only brilliant in medical skills, but also noble in medical ethics. He always cared about the sufferings of the people all over the world and refused to serve the dignitaries, so he left Cao Cao on the pretext that his wife was seriously ill. Cao Cao repeatedly urged him to come back, but he refused. Finally, Cao Cao killed him in a rage.
Is it true that all the responsibility for Hua Tuo's death lies with Cao Cao? Is it true that Hua Tuo didn't make a mistake? Professor Xu Shaojin of Nanjing Audit University and teacher Lin Zhenqing of Hebei Pingquan Normal School for Nationalities believe that the responsibility for Hua Tuo's death is not entirely in Cao Cao. The publication of two papers finally solved the real reason for Hua Tuo's murder.
Why did Cao Cao kill Hua Tuo? The Romance of the Three Kingdoms profoundly explains this point. In Chapter 78, Luo Guanzhong described in detail how Cao Cao killed Hua Tuo.
In order to build the first temple, Cao Cao personally cut down the pear tree in front of Yuelong Temple with his sword, which offended the god of pear trees. That night, he had a nightmare. After waking up, he continued to have a headache. He found a good doctor, but it was useless.
Later, Hua Tuo recommended Hua Tuo to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao immediately sent someone to invite Hua Tuo to see him in the evening. Hua Tuo believed that Cao Cao's headache was caused by a stroke, and the root of the disease was in his head, which could not be cured by drinking some soup. First drink "Ma Fei Tang" (also known as "Leprosy Powder", an anesthetic invented by Hua Tuo), and then cut his head open with a sharp axe to remove the root of the disease.
Suspicious Cao Cao thought that Hua tuo was taking the opportunity to kill him and avenge Guan Yu, so he ordered Hua tuo to be put into prison and tortured, resulting in the death of a generation of imperial doctors in prison, and Hua tuo's "Green Capsule Book" was also lost.
Hua Tuo was originally a "scholar", being an official was his life goal, and medicine was just a "hobby".
In ancient China society, "everything is inferior, only reading is high", and "learning to be excellent is to be an official" is the creed of many scholars. During the Eastern Han Dynasty when Hua Tuo lived, the upsurge of studying and being an official in society had reached its peak. Most officials and bureaucrats are familiar with Confucian classics, and there were as many as 30 thousand students during the reign of Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty. Learning Confucianism and reading Confucian classics have become a social fashion. Although both the emperor and ordinary people need medical technology, it is despised by the literati. The social status of doctors is not high, and there are many examples of famous doctors abandoning medicine for politics. This social fashion can't help but have an influence on Hua Tuo.
According to the biography of the reflection of Shu Wei and Ji Fang, Hua Tuo studied in Xuzhou when he was young, and he was a scholar who was "proficient in mathematical classics". Xu Shaojin's article holds that, like most scholars at that time, being an official is Hua Tuo's life goal, and being a doctor is just his "hobby".
But it is also recorded in the book that Chen Gui, the prime minister, recommended Hua Tuo as a filial piety, and Huang Wan, the Qiu, asked him to be an official, but he didn't go. Why is this?
Lin Zhenqing pointed out in his article that there may be two reasons for this: First, Hua Tuo is brilliant and conceited, and thinks that the positions recommended by Chen Gui and Huang Wan are not big enough to be done. Second, he has always been obsessed with medicine and is unwilling to abandon his favorite medicine for this small official.
Seven mysteries of the world
1. Cleopatra's palace.
2. The lost continent-where is Atlantis, the most important part of the "continent"?
3. 1924 A crystal skull with a movable mandible was found in Lubantum, a Mayan city in British Honduras (now Belize).
4. The mysterious tombstone of palenque "Inscription Temple".
5. Is the stone stratum the legendary Noah's Ark? 1949, when people surveyed the terrain at an altitude of 5000m in the northern wing of alala, they found a rare boat-shaped stone stratum. Its length of 183 meters is roughly consistent with the specifications of Noah's ark recorded in the Bible, which has caused "ark fever" in the research field.
6. The astrolabe found on Mount Mittenberg near the German Nebula may be the oldest representative of the universe.
7. The "Chico Sulubu" crater on Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula.
References:
Sina scientific exploration
Responder: Magic Star Mark-Magic Apprentice Level 1 1 1-9 16:44.
-
Mu Bai Delta-Planes are often missing without any trace. The completion of the pyramid is a mystery. If you are still interested, you should find a book about unsolved mysteries.
Interviewee: Pacazuose- Magic Apprentice Level 1 1 1-9 16:45.
-
[Germany's "Sunday Photo Agency" reported in 654381October 6] Title: Seven mysteries of our time. They are: the palace in Batra, Keke, the seat of Atlantis, the crystal skull, the mysterious curtain monument, which is Noah's Ark, the astrolabe, and the dinosaur crater.
1. 196 1 year; On page 183 of the magazine,> published the observation report of M.D. Erwans, the captain of the Malmo. It is reported that they saw a strange water spray when they were sailing in the Mediterranean on February 4, 1960.
It was 8: 30 at 4: 00 GMT, and the Malmo sailed into the adjacent waters near the port of Benghazi in Libya at a speed of 12 nautical miles per hour. The position of the ship is 32 08' north latitude and19 32' east longitude. This is a narrow and calm sea. At the same time, the second mate J·B· Dorinkel, the third mate A·B· Smith, the customs declarant 0 Mufei and the sailor M·B· Smith found a strange column like white cumulus rising vertically from the sea on the route to Benghazi on 124, and its position was about 45 at the starboard bow, but a few seconds later, witnesses thought it was their eyes that were caught by the sun. However, a few seconds later, they saw it again. So they observed it with binoculars, and it turned out that a water column rose into the air at regular intervals every month. Each injection lasted about 7 seconds, then disappeared and reappeared about 2 minutes and 20 seconds later. According to sextant observation, the height of water column was150.6m. Later, as the ship sailed away, the water column gradually disappeared from sight.
How is this strange water column formed? The scientific community is arguing endlessly. Some people think it is a "sea dragon roll". When a powerful tornado passes through the sea, it will suck up a water column from the ocean, forming a so-called "sea tornado". However, the "sea tornado" should be funnel-shaped, which is inconsistent with the water column mentioned in the report. Moreover, from the relevant meteorological data, it seems that the conditions for the formation of "sea tornadoes" did not exist at that time, so some people suggested that this was the result of volcanic jets. The reason is that the Mediterranean is a region with many modern active volcanoes. For example, 183 1 year, when people were sailing in the south of Sicily, they suddenly saw submarine volcanic eruption (the island formed by it was called "Graham", but it was quickly eroded by seawater). However, there is no record of volcanic activity in the waters near Benghazi. In addition, the Malmo did not hear any explosion when it saw the water column. Besides, if an underwater volcano erupts, the surrounding waters should never be so calm. So some people don't think it was a man-made underwater explosion. However, the characteristics of periodic intermittent eruption of water column and the absence of explosion at that time seem to rule out this possibility.
Therefore, "Malmo" this report left people with an ocean mystery that is difficult to solve.
On the night of October 19th (976), the ninth year of Baokai in Wumen Stone Room, Bianjing, Song Taizu Taizu died suddenly at the age of 50. On 21st, Zhao Guangyi, King of Jin, acceded to the throne. This is Emperor Taizong. The premature death of Taizong and the unreasonable succession of Taizong led to an eternal mystery.
On the night of the 19th, heavy snow fell, and Mao ordered Wang Jinguang, who was then Kaifeng Prefecture, to enter the palace. After Guangyi entered the palace, Taizu abdicated and had a drink with Guangyi to discuss state affairs. When the ladies-in-waiting and eunuchs outside were shivering in the candlelight shadow, they saw Guangyi leave from time to time and waved, as if they were avoiding and refusing something. They also saw Mao poking the ground in his hand, and the sound of an axe was clearly audible. At the same time, these ladies-in-waiting and eunuchs also heard Taizu shouting, "All right, all right." They drank until late at night, and Guangyi left, and Mao took off his clothes and went to bed.
However, in the early morning, Mao still died. After learning of Mao's death, Queen Song immediately ordered eunuch Wang Jien to call Prince Fang into the palace. However, Wang Jien went to Kaifeng to ask Guangyi, and Guangyi had already arranged Cheng Dexuan, a confidant with excellent medical skills, to wait outside Kaifeng. Cheng Dexuan claimed that at two o'clock the night before, someone told him to go out, saying that the king of Jin had summoned him, but when he went out, he saw no one, so he came to see him because he was worried that the king of Jin was ill. They went to see Guangyi in knock knock. Guangyi was surprised to learn that he was summoned, but hesitated to go. He also said that he would discuss it with his family. Wang Jien urged: "After a long time, I am afraid that others will get there first." Three people braved the heavy snow and rushed to the palace. Outside the Imperial Palace, Wang Jien asked Guangyi to wait outside and report by himself, but Cheng Dexuan advocated going in directly, without waiting, and broke into the temple with Guangyi.
When Empress Song learned that Wang Jien was back, she asked, "Is Fang here?" Wang Jien said, "The King of Jin has arrived." Empress Song was shocked when she saw Guangyi, but she was in charge of the palace and knew politics, so she cried and shouted, "We are mother and son, entrusted by the government." Butler is the title of emperor. When she called Guangyi this way, she admitted that Guangyi became the emperor. Zhao Guangyi also said with tears: "* * * Keep your wealth, don't worry." So, Zhao Guangyi became the emperor.
It's strange that Taizong died, but it's true that Taizong reached the pole before Fangde. Taizong's succession left many puzzling mysteries, so there has always been a saying that Taizong poisoned Taizu. Mao himself was in good health, and it was only two or three days from illness to death. Obviously, Mao died suddenly, and Guangyi seems to know the date of Mao's death, otherwise Cheng Dexuan, a close friend, would not be allowed to wait outside.
After the unexplained death of Emperor Taizong, in order to show the legitimacy of his accession to the throne, Emperor Taizong threw out the saying that his mother Du Taihou died, the so-called "Golden Chamber Alliance". On his deathbed, Du Taihou called Zhao Pu into the palace and recorded his death. It is said that Mao was there at that time. Du Taihou asked Mao how to win the world. Mao said it was the kindness and blessing of his ancestors and the queen mother, but the queen mother said, "You are wrong. How can you win the world if Zhou Shizong passes on his youngest son to others? " You should learn a lesson. In the future, the throne will be passed on to the light righteousness, light righteousness and light beauty, and light beauty and virtue. In this way, it is a blessing to have a long monarch. "Mao cried and worshipped the lesson. Du Taihou asked Zhao Pu to write the will as an affidavit and hide it in the synopsis of the golden chamber.
However, due to the long history, the dense fog of the "Golden Chamber Alliance" has not been uncovered. Later generations speculated that it was invented by Emperor Taizong and Zhao Pu to hide people's eyes and ears. So, does Taizu mean to pass on the throne? It is said that every time Mao went out or went out, he let Guangyi stay in the capital, and Guangyi participated in premeditated and decision-making for military affairs. Mao once wanted to build Luoyang as the capital, but his ministers opposed it, but Mao didn't listen. Guangyi personally told him what was at stake, which made Mao change his mind. Guangyi was ill, so Taizu went to visit him personally and burned wormwood to treat him. If Guangyi felt pain, Taizu experimented on himself to see the curative effect, which was quite touching. Mao also said to people, "You are born with foresight. In the future, it must be the son of Taiping Bianjing Tower (built in the second year of Taiping Xingguo and rebuilt by later generations). Even I can't compare with Fuld. " Some people speculate that Taizu wanted to pass on the throne to his younger brother Guangyi. But such a statement can hardly stand scrutiny, and it is nothing more than speculation of future generations.
Whether Taizong poisoned Taizong or fabricated a "golden chamber alliance", compared with the traditional father-son inheritance, this way of succession of brothers and sisters to the throne can be described as unreasonable. Therefore, after Emperor Taizong succeeded to the throne, he must first take a series of measures to appease the people and consolidate the throne.
As soon as Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he changed his title to "Taiping and rejuvenating the country", saying that he wanted to make a difference. Some arrangements have been made for key figures involved in the succession of the throne. He appointed his younger brother as Kaifeng Yin and Secretary-General, made Qi King, and Dezhao as our ambassador and county king, and served as our ambassador. Taizu and Mei Ting's children are both called emperors and daughters, and Taizu's three daughters are also called national princesses. Mao's old aides, Xue, Shen Lun, Lu Duoxun, Cao Bin and Chu Zhaofu, were all promoted to knighthood, and their descendants also gained official positions. And some people who were punished or wanted to be punished when Emperor Taizong was alive were pardoned by Emperor Taizong.
In addition, Emperor Taizong paid more attention to cultivating and promoting his cronies. In fact, the layout of Emperor Taizong was already in full swing before he ascended the throne. Emperor Taizong served as Yin Changda 15 years in Kaifeng. It's time to hide his strength and bide his time. During this period, he organized a decisive political force. According to statistics, there are as many as 60 members of the Jin King's shogunate alone. At the same time, Zhao Guangyi also intends to train many civilian military commanders. Even the old aides of Emperor Taizong, such as Chu Zhaofu and Lu Duoxun, took pains to accept them. Both of them were closely related to Emperor Taizong, who was promoted after he succeeded to the throne. After Emperor Taizong succeeded to the throne, members of his shogunate, Cheng Yu, Chen and Zhang Ping, successively took up important positions in the cabinet, gradually replacing the ministers of the Taizu dynasty. In addition, Emperor Taizong deposed a number of veterans, such as Zhao Pu, "xianggong", Gao Huaide, Feng, etc., and transferred them to the vicinity of the capital as officials, which was easy to control.
However, the most important measure for Taizong to change the political situation of Taizu dynasty was to expand the number of candidates in the imperial examination. During his reign, the number of candidates for the first imperial examination soared to more than twice that of the Taizu period. The imperial examination gave many talented people the opportunity to be officials. Moreover, Emperor Taizong brought more Jinshi, and once he was admitted, the Jinshi rose to the top. These "disciples of the emperor" held various positions, and they were undoubtedly grateful to Emperor Taizong and willingly worked for the new emperor. In this way, even though there were many criticisms about the succession of Emperor Taizong at that time, Emperor Taizong was able to firmly hold power in his own hands and gradually turned the whole court into an institution that obeyed him, while "the shadow of an axe and a candle" and "the alliance of golden chambers" became a mystery that future generations could never guess and solve.
One of the great unsolved mysteries of mankind
1. What is the universe made of?
The blurted answer is: it is made up of those shining stars. But in recent decades, scientists have increasingly found that this answer is incorrect. Astronomers believe that the matter that makes up stars, planets, galaxies and, of course, us, or ordinary matter, accounts for less than 5% of the total mass of the universe. They estimate that another 25% may be dark matter composed of undiscovered particles. What about the remaining 70%? Astronomers think it may be dark energy-the force that accelerates the expansion of the universe. What is the nature of dark matter and dark energy? Scientists are using accelerators and telescopes to find the answers to these questions. If they find it, their meaning must be great.
2. Are we unique in the universe?
Forty-five years ago, astronomer Falk Drake first launched the Ozma program to explore extraterrestrial civilization-using a huge antenna (radio telescope) to receive signals from extraterrestrial civilization. Forty-five years later, the efforts of astronomers continue. However, even the largest "Phoenix" project so far has not found any radio signals from alien civilizations.
3. How does the interior of the earth work?
More than 40 years ago, there was a revolution in earth science. The theory of plate tectonics has updated the knowledge about the earth itself. However, questions about the internal structure of the earth still follow the knowledge before the revolution. What scientists have done in these 40 years is to further refine this egg model-divided into crust, mantle and core. With the help of more and more advanced seismic imaging technology, scientists are studying the operation process of this huge machine. However, it may take another half century to start another scientific revolution.
4. How hot will the global greenhouse become?
Although the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will definitely continue to increase in this century, although this increase will definitely bring about global warming, the degree of warming is still uncertain. Scientists generally believe that doubling the concentration of carbon dioxide in this century will bring about an increase in the temperature of 1.5℃ ~ 4.5℃. But this is not accurate enough. Scientists are developing new mathematical models to try to make these figures more convincing.
5. Can the laws of physics be unified?
Apple falls to the ground, lightning flashes across the sky, uranium atoms in nuclear power plant reactors decay at the same time to release energy, and super accelerators smash protons: these phenomena represent the functions of four basic forces in nature, namely gravity, electromagnetic force, weak force and strong force. All physical phenomena in the universe can be explained by these four basic forces. But scientists are not satisfied. Is it possible to unify these four forces into one? In 1960s, physicists found that weak force and electromagnetic force can be unified, and they are different sides of the same thing, collectively referred to as electric weak force. But can the other two forces be unified with it?
6. Is there a deeper principle under quantum uncertainty and nonlocality?
The birth of quantum theory 100 years ago has produced convincing application results, but it also brings counter-intuition: the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics points out that we cannot obtain the momentum and position of an object accurately at the same time. However, nonlocality makes the entangled states of two quantum entangled particles collapse at the same time, no matter how far apart they are. Einstein once said that although quantum mechanics left a deep impression on him, "an inner voice told me that it was not true."
7. How far can we push chemical self-assembly?
In a sense, chemists are a group of people who like to invent most because they are always making new molecules. Although chemists can make very complicated chemical structures now, can they make the work simple and complicated? In other words, let the "raw material" atoms "assemble" themselves into complex structures, just like the self-assembly characteristics of life. There have been some examples of chemical self-assembly, such as making double-layer membrane structures similar to cell membranes. But more advanced self-assembly, such as making integrated circuits from the bottom up, is still a dream.
8. What is the limit of traditional calculation?
Some things seem simple, but they are very complicated to solve. For example, a salesman has to travel around several interconnected cities, so how can he get the shortest total distance? The increase in the number of cities will frighten the most powerful electronic computers. In the 1940s, Shannon, the father of information theory, put forward the physical law that information (in the form of bits) should be stored and transmitted. No traditional computer can go beyond this rule. So, in engineering, how powerful a computer can we finally build? Non-traditional computers may not be subject to these restrictions, such as quantum computers that have appeared in recent years.
9. What is the biological basis of consciousness?
/kloc-French philosophers in the 0 th and 7 th centuries have a famous saying: "I think, therefore I am." It can be seen that consciousness has always been a topic of philosophical discussion. Modern science believes that consciousness comes from the cooperation of hundreds of millions of neurons in the brain. But this is still too general. Specifically, how do neurons produce consciousness? In recent years, scientists have found some methods and tools to study this most subjective and personal thing objectively, and with the help of patients with brain injury, scientists can get a glimpse of the mystery of consciousness. In addition to finding out how consciousness works, scientists also want to know the answer to a deeper question: why does it exist and how does it originate?
10, what controls organ regeneration? Some creatures have extraordinary repair skills: cut earthworms can regenerate half their bodies, while salamanders can rebuild damaged limbs ... In contrast, human beings seem to have a little poor regeneration ability. No one can grow fingers again, and the use of bones is always the same. A little comforting is the liver. The partially resected liver can be restored to its original state. Scientists have found that animals that can regenerate organs will restart the genetic program when necessary during embryonic development, thus growing new organs. So can humans use similar technology to replace the parts themselves under manual control?
1 1. How do skin cells become nerve cells?
In the middle of last century, biologists put the frog's somatic cell nucleus into the enucleated egg cell of frog, and as a result, tadpoles were cloned. In recent years, the research on human embryonic stem cells is in full swing-human somatic cell nucleus is implanted into egg cells, and scientists are looking forward to producing various human somatic cells, such as nerve cells, osteoblasts, myocardial cells and so on. Although scientists have achieved some success, they still know little about the reasons why this somatic cell nuclear transfer technology can succeed. Indeed, enucleated eggs play a vital role in this process-but what is the specific mechanism?
12. How did a somatic cell become a whole plant?
In a sense, plants seem to be more flexible than animals. Plant somatic cells can become plant embryonic cells again without complicated somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. Scientists have used this characteristic of plants for a long time. With a small piece of plant tissue, you can cultivate seedlings that can be used in a forest in the laboratory. But why do plant cells have such flexibility? Scientists have found some clues, such as the role of auxin in plants in this process.
13. How and where did life originate?
Scientists have discovered microbial fossils 3.4 billion years ago, and traces of biological photosynthesis can also be found on older rocks. So which came first on earth, protein or DNA, the two pillars of life? Still together? Scientists believe that it is more likely that RNA appeared earlier than the first two. Another question is, under what circumstances did life originate? One hypothesis is that life originated from hot water at the bottom of the sea. Nowadays, on the one hand, scientists explore the development process from simple organic matter to self-replicating organic matter in the laboratory, on the other hand, studying comets and Mars will also bring important enlightenment to this problem.
1. Moai statue on Easter Island
From Easter Island, 3800 kilometers west of Chile coast in South America,
There are more than 1000 giant stone statues.
Each stone statue is about 4-5 meters high and weighs 20 tons, and the largest is 90 tons.
It was built around 800-900 AD.
Some people think it was built to commemorate the important people of the dead tribe.
However, there are not rich materials around the island, and a lot of manpower is needed in the construction.
Why and how stone statues exist is still a mystery.
2. Crystal skull
1926 crystal carving was found in the Mayan civilization site in Honduras.
Take that part of your chin off and touch a wishing tree from below, and your eyes will glow.
Although from an anatomical point of view, it is generally correct to shape a human skull,
But the fineness of the close occlusion of dentition is really amazing.
There is another magical method:
Some teeth were obviously cut off by a rotating tool.
So this exquisite handicraft can be integrated up and down,
At that time, rotating tools could not exist anyway.
This makes the mystery of the crystal skull more confusing.
3. Planes in Mayan culture
It is a relic of the flourishing ぇたシェヌ culture that existed in South America from 500 to 800 AD.
This ornament with a length of 6cm, a width of 5cm and a height of 1.5cm was excavated.
It is a pendant used by the royal family and is regarded as an "animal form" eye.
The original text of this sentence is "the image of an animal", and I can't translate it well. I hope people who can understand can say so. )
However, zoologists have not found any similarities among various animals with known forms.
So I entrusted the analysis to an expert in aviation mechanics:
Results The nose, cockpit, main wing, fuselage, vertical tail and horizontal tail should be complete.
The shape and balance completely conform to the theory of aviation mechanics,
So this ornament is called "Golden Space Shuttle".
4.noah's ark
This is a passage from the Bible.
It tells the story of God and God sending floods to destroy mankind, leaving only one family to survive.
The boat they took in the shelter was Noah's Ark.
Everyone knows this, so I won't write it.
This picture shows 1973 when the United States used satellites to spy on the intelligence of the former Soviet Union deploying missiles in the southern wing of the Caucasus border area.
Taken "very accidentally" on the year-round frozen Ararat Peak,
There is a huge and obviously rectangular "foreign body".
Because the Bible records that Noah's Ark was moored near Mount Ararat,
That's why there is a "foreign body".
5. Statue of Zeus
In Greek mythology,
Zeus, the supreme god, dominates human life such as politics, law and morality.
In the temple of the Greek Holy Land Olympic Qin Ke Plain,
Perhaps the most famous is the Temple of Zeus.
Built in the deepest part of the temple in 420 BC,
"It's unfortunate that a person has never seen such a beautiful masterpiece once after he died."
This is amazing to the ancients. Kwas idol "
According to ancient books, if the idol is covered with ivory products,
Then it was wrapped in gold, and the throne was inlaid with all kinds of precious stones.
Unfortunately, this magnificent statue has disappeared.
The paintings and reprints at that time did not explain how it disappeared at all.
Trojan horse
The colossus of Rhodes
In 305 BC, a statue was built as a memorial to repel the Macedonian attack.
Rhodes Island, located in the southeast of Aegean Sea,
The completion time is 12, 66 years.
The material is bronze weapon abandoned by the enemy, with a height of 33m.
The marble base can reach 50 meters.
But the earthquake in 227 BC collapsed and was left there unattended.
However, in the attack of the Islamic army in 672,
The remains of the huge statue were sold by Jewish businessmen, and now there is nothing left.
8. City of the Sky
Everyone knows the cartoon City in the Sky.
In fact, it also comes from the Bible:
This city with a total length of more than 7 kilometers and an area of 40 square kilometers,
Floating in the air with the help of "natural magnets"
9. Capture aliens alive
Aliens published in West Germany 1950 newspaper,
It tells the story of a little alien who made an emergency landing in Mexico by UFO and was captured alive.
People on both sides are members of the KGB (former Soviet National Police).
10. Nice monster
Several unsolved mysteries in the world
The mystery of the origin of the universe
British scientist Stephen. Hawking's "Big Bang Theory" holds that the universe originated from a big bang150-1800 million years ago. At first, all the matter in the universe was concentrated at a certain base point. After the Big Bang, the universe expanded infinitely, and the temperature was as high as1500 million degrees. There are only elementary particles such as neutrons, electrons, photons and neutrinos in the universe. Only then do chemical elements form and matter is in a plasma state. Later, with the decrease of temperature, gas was formed, which condensed into nebula, then condensed into star, and developed into today's total galaxy. At the beginning of the last century, scientists observed the universal red shift of galaxy spectra, which proved that the universe was still expanding. 1965, 3K microwave background radiation in the universe was discovered. In addition, there is a lot of helium in the mass of celestial bodies, and the fact that all the stars observed by astronomers are less than 1000 billion years supports the "big bang theory". As for the future of the universe, some people think that the universe will expand indefinitely, and will die after 1000 billion years. All stars will eventually form "black holes", neutron stars or black dwarf. There is also a view that the universe will begin to shrink after a certain period of expansion, and will shrink to a point after 1000 billion years, and then explode again to form a new universe.
The mystery of dinosaur extinction
Dinosaurs were once the most successful creatures on earth, ruling the earth for 65.438+0.5 billion years from 200 million years ago to 65 million years ago. However, at the end of Mesozoic, they soon became extinct. Scientists have different opinions and put forward theories such as climate change, asteroid collision, nova explosion and survival of the fittest to explain their extinction. But some people think that dinosaurs did not become extinct, but evolved into birds, modern. On Komodo Island in Indonesia, there lived a snake-like animal named Komodo Dragon with short and thick limbs. It is considered to be a descendant of prehistoric dinosaurs. In Gabon, Africa, locals often see a giant animal similar to prehistoric sauropods, with reddish-brown skin and a neck of three meters long, which haunts the local swamp area. It seems that humans need to know more about dinosaurs and their extinction.
Mystery of Tunguska Big Bang
1908 On June 30th, a violent explosion occurred in Tunguska, Siberia, Russia. A dazzling fireball crossed Eurasia, crashed into the ground and exploded at low altitude. In an instant, 6,000 square kilometers of virgin forest fell radially everywhere, with smoke as high as 20,000 meters, and a loud sound spread to 1000 kilometers away. According to calculation, the power of explosion is equivalent to 1000 times of Hiroshima atomic bomb. Because the scene of the explosion was deserted, it was more than ten years later, 1, 92 1, that an investigation team came to the scene to investigate. So, what caused this disaster? Whether it is meteorites, nuclear explosions, antimatter, or anything else, scientists have calculated that the speed of fireballs flying is 2400-3600 km/h, while the speed of meteorites entering the atmosphere will not be less than 40000 km/h, so some people suspect that it is a man-made object. In addition, scientists' observation results of fireball flight trajectory are quite different, some think it is from east to west, others think it is from south to north, and there is reliable evidence. Therefore, some people speculate that the fireball changed direction halfway. In a word, the Tunguska Big Bang is beyond the known conventions of human beings and cannot be explained by known natural phenomena and human factors.
Big bang in Wang Gong factory
1626 (the sixth year of the Ming dynasty's apocalypse) On May 30th, a bizarre and huge disaster occurred in the area around Beijing Wang Gong factory, causing huge casualties. There was a loud noise, and suddenly the wind blew and it was dark. People, animals, trees, bricks, etc. Be swept into the air and fall with the wind. Tens of thousands of houses are dusty, killing and injuring more than 20 thousand people, which is shocking and shocking. After the disaster, men and women were naked, and all the clothes, jewelry and utensils floated to the western hills. At that time, all the 3,000 craftsmen who were repairing the fence outside the Forbidden City fell off the scaffolding and broke into meat buns. Emperor Apocalypse, who was having breakfast, survived by hiding under the dragon book case. Strangely enough, there was "not an inch of wood burning in the center of the explosion, and there were no signs of burning". It is difficult to answer the disaster caused by the explosion of powder magazine or earthquake. At that time, there were different opinions and people's grievances were boiling. The Emperor of the Apocalypse had to commit a crime and grant amnesty to the world. This incident was recorded by eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty.