According to Hanshu? According to Yi, Taoism originated from ancient historians. The so-called historian is actually the person who is responsible for recording the success or failure, survival and happiness of ancient and modern times. Ancient learning was in the government, ideological and cultural education was monopolized by the royal family, and ordinary people stayed out of it. It can be said that the historian was one of the seven most learned people at that time. Laozi, known as the founder of Taoism, is a pillar of the Zhou royal family, which is responsible for the book management of the Zhou royal family. As far as Taoism is concerned, it was formed under the specific social and historical background of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou Dynasty began to decline and the society was in turmoil. Subsequently, the flow of people engaged in cultural and educational undertakings monopolized by the government fell to the people, resulting in the phenomenon of private learning, thus forming a hundred schools of thought, and Taoism formed by Laozi and his followers is one of them. They formed their own views on the realistic social politics in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and laid the ideological foundation of the Taoist school.
The core of Taoist thought is "Tao", which is the highest category of Taoist ideological and cultural system and is highly respected by all Taoist scholars. It can be said that no matter how big the ideological and cultural gap between Taoist scholars is, it is all around the core category of "Tao", and harmony with Tao is the ultimate goal pursued by all Taoists. So what exactly does "Tao" mean? In the sense of philology, Tao is what we call Tao. Xu Shen, a philologist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, said in his famous book Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "The Tao is also the way to walk." It means the way people walk. As a school of thought and culture, Taoism's core category "Tao" is obviously beyond the interpretation of this philological significance. Generally speaking, Taoism's "Tao" has the following meanings: ① Tao is the origin of all things in the world. 2 natural inaction. (3) Tao is intangible and real. It is universal, ubiquitous and ever-present.
In fact, there are great ideological differences within Taoism, with Tao as the core and harmony as the ultimate goal. Taoism is a dynamic school developed from different levels and directions, but the reason why dynamic schools developed from different levels and directions are always called Taoism obviously embodies some basic things, that is, they have never left the most basic things called Taoism. As an ideological and cultural school, Taoism has the following basic characteristics: ① Advocating the learning of Lao Zi, Zhuang Zi and Huang Lao. ② Taking Tao as the ideological core and the highest category of this school. (3) Develop one's own ideological system under the framework of the relationship between heaven and man. Nature does nothing, and human nature follows nature. (4) To care about the world with deep and implicit words and a hermit's mentality. Compared with other schools, their observation and understanding of society is more calm, sober and profound. ⑤ It has a unique spiritual temperament, such as independence, being free from vulgarity, honoring the virtuous corporal and pursuing simplicity. Taoism has shown rich diversity in different periods in history, highlighting its individual differences, but as long as it is a member of the family, it cannot but have the above basic characteristics. Taoism is a unique ideological and cultural school in the cultural history of China.
The teachings and theories of Taoism
From the very beginning, Taoism regarded Laozi's Classic of Tao Te Ching as the basic classic, and regarded "Tao" and "virtue" as the basic beliefs. Taoism believes that "Tao" is the source and master of all things in the universe, omnipresent and all-encompassing, and everything evolved from "Tao". And "virtue" is the embodiment of "Tao". Respecting God in Sanqing is the initial personification of Tao, and it also represents three important processes of the creation of the universe (Tao gives birth to the first, the second, the third and all things-Tao Te Ching). Sanqing gave birth to the gods of heaven, earth, universe and nature, known as the first deity. All these are the evolution of Tao, Tao and Tao body are internally integrated, and Tao is infinitely full of the universe. Therefore,
Taoism takes the Taishang Laojun (that is, the moral Buddha) as its leader, that is, Laozi. In addition, there are other sayings about the highest god of Taoism in the Taoist scriptures of different sects in history. First, Jade Qing's deity is the highest god; Second, the deity of Shangqing Lingbao is the highest god; Thirdly, ethical purity is the highest god; Finally, it evolved into a trinity theology theory.
Taoism is born again, hates death and pursues immortality. It believes that people can make their own decisions in their lives and don't have to obey the heavens. People think that as long as people are good at cultivating health, they can live forever. Therefore, there are many ways to practice: alchemy, eating, breathing, fetal interest, massage, guidance, room, avoiding valley, thinking, offering symbols and chanting.
Taoist theology can be said to be a religious doctrine after the mystification of Taoist thought, which may not be completely consistent, but the similarities and differences between them are worth pondering. However, ancestors were called Taoists of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and praised many Taoist classics such as Tao Te Ching (Laozi) and Nanhuajing (Zhuangzi). After all, they absorbed and inherited many Taoist thoughts. In addition, it is also influenced by the Book of Changes, Yin and Yang, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and ancient myths and stories.
Taoist outlook on life
As we know, the so-called outlook on life, that is, the view on life, that is, the view on the value and significance of human existence. The outlook on life is determined by the world outlook (cosmology). Different people have different outlook on life.
Taoist outlook on life is determined by the content of Taoist beliefs (including world outlook). What is the Taoist outlook on life?
For the value and significance of human existence, that is, the value of life, its significance is multifaceted; The first is the value of life; The second is the value of people; The third is personality value; The fourth is the ideal value. These four aspects are the basic problems and aspects of life values.
Taoist values of life
Regarding the value of human life, two questions must be answered, namely, is human life real or empty? Is there any practical significance in human life?
Taoism believes that Tao is the origin of the universe and breeds everything. Immortals and people are transformed by their different "qi" yin and yang, and the five elements, essence and spirit constitute the body and life. Human nature is real, not illusory. Living in the present is a kind of enjoyment-life is rare; Think that death is the most terrible and painful. Therefore, in theory, Taoism emphasizes that "the immortal way is precious to life and unlimited to people"; Ideologically, I don't believe that "fate is determined by heaven" and believe that "life is in me, not in heaven and earth". The existence of human life and the length of life depend on myself, not fate. Encourage people not to succumb to the destiny, to cultivate themselves according to the Tao, and to strive for immortality and unity with the Tao. To this end, Taoism has put forward a series of Taoist merits and virtues, such as taking food, activating qi, breathing, guiding, keeping one, external alchemy, internal alchemy, fasting, word printing, keeping Geng Shen and so on. Due to criticism, Taoism regards enjoying life, attaching importance to life and pursuing immortality as its fundamental teachings. This is also the most fundamental outlook on life of Taoism. This outlook on life reflects that Taoism is born again and despises death, and attaches great importance to the value of life. So Taoism is a religion that attaches great importance to the value of life.
Second, Taoist values
What is the status of human beings in the universe and is it valuable? Regarding the viewpoint of man's position in the universe, Lao Tzu emphasized that man's position is outstanding. He said: "The old road is very big, very big, very big and very crowded. There are four in the domain, and people live in one. " People believe that man is one of the four largest in the universe, higher than all things. Taoism also shows man's position in the universe through the cosmic life system of god, man and ghost. Taoism believes that the universe consists of heaven, fairyland, earth and hell. God is in the supreme position, above the world. Ghosts are in the underworld. Man is the intermediary between immortals and ghosts, who can be promoted to immortals on earth and molded into ghosts on earth. Therefore, Taoism advises people to do good deeds and advocates "doing things that are convenient with the heart and doing all kinds of yin work". Persuade people to "avoid all evil and do all good." At the same time, they also advocate a long life, do good deeds and accumulate virtue, and think that the gods can hope when they are full of work. Taoism also clearly emphasizes that "among all things, people are the most expensive." It is believed that man is the spirit of all things and can live forever through cultivation. In short, people have a certain position in the universe and life is very valuable.
Three Personality Values of Taoism
On the issue of personality value, Taoism advocates great harmony, human equality and peaceful coexistence from the perspective of groups. The ideal society in Taoism is a peaceful, uncontested, equal and free society. Without oppression and exploitation, everyone works, shares weal and woe, enjoys happiness and contentment. It is clearly stated in the early Taoist classic Taiping Jing. The reason why Buddhist scriptures are named "Taiping" is to realize the ideal "Taiping" world. It is of great positive significance to the equal and peaceful coexistence of human beings advocated by Taoism and applied to people in society, regardless of race or status. This Taoist outlook on life is undoubtedly great.
The ideal interpersonal relationship of Taoism is "the same love but different bones and the same marriage". "the goodness of one body" means that I treat things as my own, and I am also "compatible with things" for people. Taoism believes that the universe, heaven and earth, people and everything are transformed by Tao. Therefore, Taoism advocates not killing. "Heterogamy" means treating people who are not related by blood as blood relatives. In order to achieve "marriage of different bones", Taoism requires people to be kind-hearted, not to kill or harm others, not to be jealous, not to commit adultery or steal, not to be greedy or hate, not to say sweet words or offensive words. In this way, we can be "safe and prosperous" and "happy and peaceful". Therefore, Taoism regards the "goodness" (kindness, frugality and not being the first in the world) in the three treasures of Taishang Laojun (Laozi) as the basic principle for dealing with interpersonal relationships.
In a word, regarding the value of an individual in society, Taoism advocates equality of all beings and kindness.
Four Ideal Values of Taoism
Ideal is the goal of struggle. Ideal value refers to the highest value of the target. Like other religions, Taoism has its own ideal situation and pursuit. The ideal realm advocated and pursued by Taoism is twofold. First, in the secular and realistic world, we should build a peaceful, uncontested, equal and free society according to the teachings of Taoism. This ideal view of society is described in many places in the early Taoist classic Muping Jing. When the post-Taoists practice this doctrine of "great peace", that is, they are helping the world and others in doing things in the world. Therefore, "saving the world and educating people" has become the goal of Taoism's accession to the WTO. Another ideal pursued by Taoism is "fairyland". There are "indisputable", "not arrogant", "not employed", "not farming", "not worrying about clothes" and "not living or dying". They sing together all day. They are free and happy. Through practice, people can become immortals and live a fairy life in fairyland. Therefore, "enlightenment becomes immortality" has become the goal of Taoism's accession to the WTO. -To achieve this goal, it is necessary to cultivate Taoism, double-cultivate life, soothe the nerves and shape the body. There are many Taoist techniques, such as meditation, abortion, external alchemy, internal alchemy, breathing, persuasion, breaking the valley, fasting and so on. Among them, Inner alchemy is the most ideal method in Taoist technique.
Throughout the ages, people yearn for and pursue health, longevity and longevity. In this sense, no matter how the form of Taoism changes, its essence-health preservation-will always be with human beings and benefit them forever.
Taoist worldview
We know that the religious principles of Taoism are the inheritance and development of Taoist thoughts and theories. In other words, Laozi and Zhuangzi thought is an important ideological and theoretical source of Taoist thought. Therefore, Taoism is not only a religion, but also a philosophy.
Taoism, like other religions, as a theological ideology, must give clear answers to a series of questions such as the origin of the universe, the true meaning of life, the existence of the other side of the world and the way to reach the other side.
Taoism believes that the universe evolved from Tao. Taoist "Chang Jing Qing Jing" said: "The avenue is invisible and gives birth to heaven and earth; The avenue is ruthless, and the sun and the moon run; The avenue is nameless and everything grows. " This is the most concise summary of Taoist theory of universe formation.
The "Tao" in Taoism is infinite chaos before the judgment of Yin and Yang, and Taoists use infinite pictures to represent "Tao". It is invisible, colorless, silent, ubiquitous, all-encompassing, full of the universe, all over the world, never increasing or decreasing, lasting forever. It is "the foundation of life, the root of culture", the ancestor of fertility, the mother of all beings and the root of all things. It is invisible and nameless, but it is real. Therefore, according to Taoism, it is barely called "Tao". In a word, "Tao" is the innate source and master of the universe, the beginning and evolution of all things in the universe.
Taoism's explanation of "Tao" is not only the origin of "fertile land", but also the excessive old gentleman who "dispersed into qi and gathered into shape" "Tao", innate vitality; The primordial qi exists in the natural movement, and there is essence in the primordial qi, which is extremely refined and extremely spiritual. "Tao" is "spiritual" and "supernatural" is God. It is believed that "Avenue Xuan Ji" is omnipresent and all-encompassing, and it is "the body of nothingness, the root of nature, the foundation of gods" and the source and master of all things in the universe. This tells us that Taoism's "Tao" is "the old gentleman on the throne", a god and a creator. The highest deities in Taoism, Sanqing (Jade Qing Yuan Shi Tian Zun, Qing Qing Lingbao Tian Zun, Tai Qing Moral Tian Zun) are all transformed from "Tao Qi" and their essence is "Tao". And "Tao" means "too old gentleman", so there is a saying in Taoism that "too old gentleman is a gasification and three cleanses".
Principles of Taoist life
(1) Natural inaction
L, naturally. Laozi put forward the concept of "nature" to explain "Tao" and "virtue". Tao is natural, and people should follow the law of Tao and take "nature" as the attitude and basic principle to deal with social life. Chapter 25 of Laozi says: "People should learn from the land, the land should learn from the sky, the sky should learn from the Tao, and the Tao should be natural." In other words, "natural inaction" should be the law in the process of human activities. The so-called "nature" is so natural. The fifty-first chapter of Laozi also said: "Respecting Tao is the best, and morality is the best. It is natural for a husband not to live his own life. " It is believed that everything in the universe is natural, and people should let nature take its course instead of doing it deliberately.
We often hear "let nature take its course" or "let nature take its course", and "let nature take its course" comes from Laozi's thought. Taoism follows Laozi's teaching of letting nature take its course and regards it as the criterion of life.
2. inaction. Chapter 37 of Tao Te Ching says, "Tao always does nothing." It is believed that "Tao" is the ontology that produces all things in the universe, which is naturally produced in the process of production without any external force, so "Tao" is "inaction"; But judging from the result of its creation, everything is born of Tao, so it can be said that it is "made for all things"
Taoism regards "inaction" as its attitude and basic principle towards Du Huisheng. It is believed that heaven is natural and inaction, and people should follow the example of heaven, not be reckless, be quiet and have no desire, contend with the world, and be cautious and far away. Doing nothing is not doing nothing, doing nothing.
The sage is an ideal personality form that Lao Zi tries to shape, and one of his personality requirements is that the sage does nothing. In addition, saints do not dispute, saints are kind to others, and saints are quiet and abandon rashness. Tao Te Ching has repeatedly expounded the most basic characteristics of this sage's personality: "A sage does nothing, teaches without words, does everything, achieves success in life, perseveres, and lives in it after success." "sage cloud: I do nothing and the people make it. I am quiet, and people are quiet. I have nothing, but the people are rich. I have nothing to ask for, and people are simple. " "A saint is not a person, but he is successful. He doesn't want to see a saint." All these words show that the characteristics of "Tao is self-discipline" and "Tao is often inaction" are clearly reflected in the personality of saints.
It is worth pointing out that the sage's "inaction" is only a means, and its purpose is "promising". The unity of the two is manifested as "doing nothing without doing anything". If the sage only has "inaction", it will lose its meaning.
In short, "inaction" requires individuals to take "Tao" as the law, conform to nature, and not act arbitrarily.
(2) weak and indisputable.
1, "weakness" is the attitude of life advocated by the old gentleman in Taishang. In Tao Te Ching, a careful person once made statistics: except for three chapters and five places, the word "weak" appeared six times in six chapters and five times in five chapters. Therefore, there is a saying that "Lao Dan is noble and soft"; Hanshu? Where's Yi? "A Brief Introduction to Zhuzi" also holds that Laozi's outlook on life is "to be self-controlled by emptying and self-controlled by inferiority"
Laozi believes that in nature, new things are always weak, and weak new things are full of vitality, so "weak" is the natural law of "life". Laozi taught people to be soft and weak, and to keep a state of emptiness and quietness. Some people think this is a sign of cowardice, but it is not. Because the softness advocated by Laozi is not for the sake of softness, but for the sake of weakness, but to win over the strong with "weakness". Taking water as an example, Lao Tzu proved the truth that "weakness is better than strength" and said that "there is no weakness in the world to overcome strength" (Chapter 78). If people understand this truth, they will not do stupid things like "the egg hits the stone", but will "retreat from difficulties and be soft-hearted".
Taoism advocates "weakness". In the twenty-seven commandments of the old gentleman, the first three lines are "inaction, cowardice, keeping women still"; Among the five precepts and ten good deeds of Taoism, "forbearance" is one of the ten good deeds. "The old gentleman worships all kinds of medicines" and takes "weakness" as one medicine. On the contrary, Taoism takes "strong body" as a precept. The Twelve Commandments of China say, "Don't be too strong, but you can bend down. The strong will be destroyed first, and the strong will bend first. " In Lao Jun's Treatise on All Diseases, it is considered that "overcoming people with strength" and "overcoming strength with words" are all diseases.
In short, "weakness" is a Taoist attitude towards life. It is also a valuable outlook on life.
2. "No dispute", like "inaction", is also an element of the sage personality shaped by Laozi. Laozi mentioned "indisputable" many times. Chapter 7 says: "The sage comes first after the body and exists outside the body." Chapter 20 says: "The sage holds one as the world wind, but he doesn't know what he is doing, shows his body, cuts his body, makes contributions, and doesn't flatter himself." Chapter 66 says: "The sage is above the people, but the people are not heavy, and the people do not harm the former." Chapter 72 says: "The sage knows not himself, and self-love is not expensive." It is precisely because saints have such indisputable virtues that the effect of "the world cannot compete with them" can be achieved. Saints don't strive for material comforts, so Lao Tzu said, "Saints never tire of luxury but are generous", "Saints don't ask for what they want, don't complain about what they get" and "Saints don't accumulate".
Since its birth, Taoism has regarded "no dispute" as one of its commandments. "Old Xiangzi Jules" said: "Saints don't argue with laity, they argue and avoid it. How can the laity compete with it! " Later, Taoism also linked non-contention with monasticism, emphasizing that "not arguing with the secular" can lead to immortality.
It is worth pointing out that the "non-contention" emphasized by Taoism is not doing nothing, but not competing with the world for worldly fame, wealth and glory. We should try our best to show "justice" for things that conform to the natural operation law of heaven. For example, Taoism believes that through cultivation (cultivation), not only the spirit can be sublimated, but also the life of the body can be prolonged, so breaking the law, reforming the law, overcoming difficulties, and fighting against the ruthless fate. For this reason, it put forward the slogan "My life is decided by me, not by heaven and earth". This is the "struggle" of Taoism, and it is also the biggest "struggle" of Taoism. In addition, it is to "strive" for merit.
In a word, Lao Tzu's teaching of "indisputable" requires that people's behavior should be natural and not forced. "No dispute" is a Taoist attitude towards life and a lofty outlook on life.
In addition, there are open-minded, selfless, inaction and so on.
Taoism's outlook on life covers a wide range and is profound. Only the main contents are introduced here. Through the Taoist outlook on life, we can see that Taoism is a religion that loves life, life, peace and all beings.
The idea of harmonious coexistence between law and nature
Laozi said: "People should be everywhere, the land should follow the sky, the sky should follow the Tao, and the Tao is natural." In this famous saying, he not only raised important questions about the relationship between man, earth, heaven, Tao and nature, but also gave incisive answers. The answer is: man should learn from the land, the land should learn from heaven, heaven should learn from Tao, and Tao should learn from nature. "Taoism is natural" is the final answer.
What is this "Tao"? Compared with heaven, earth and human beings, Laozi believes that Tao has many metaphysical ontological characteristics, such as being born in a natural place, being the mother of heaven and earth, being mysterious to all things, and being like the master of all things. Why does Tao, as the source of all things, move towards "legality"?
The so-called "nature" is natural, not "nature". As the ancients explained: "It's not against nature to learn from the nature while the law is in the square and the circle is in the circle." Tao gives birth to all things, but "don't give birth, don't rely on it, but give birth to glory", which makes all things naturally generate and develop. It can be seen that "sex" is the nature of "Tao" or itself, not another entity besides "Tao". It is precisely because of "Tao" and "the husband only lives in the house" that Tao always "does not go" to everything. That is to say, everything such as heaven, earth and man cannot deviate from the natural nature or essence of Tao for a moment in the whole process of their destruction.
Harmony is one of the important features of China's traditional thought, culture and philosophy. The Western Zhou Dynasty put forward a famous philosophical theory, "Harmony with real life is unsustainable". The so-called "harmony" refers to the harmonious unity of different things; The so-called "same" refers to the repeated addition or simple equivalence of the same thing. Only when different things are "harmonious" and interact with each other can new things be produced, and everything is formed in this way. On the contrary, the same things together can't produce anything new, let alone create everything. "Harmony" is the foundation and opportunity for the emergence, existence and evolution of all things. This concept of "harmony but difference" is very subtle and dialectical, so it has a far-reaching influence on the development history of China's thought, culture, philosophy and science and technology.
Taoism fully agrees with the traditional concept of "harmony" in ancient China and has its own characteristics. Laozi fully affirmed the key role of "harmony" and "harmony" when discussing the creation process of all things in the universe. He said: "The Tao gives birth to one, two, three and everything. Everything is negative and holds yang, thinking that it is harmonious. " This means that "Tao" is unique, and it itself contains Yin and Yang, which constantly interact and agitate, forming a new harmony and unity.
Life exists between heaven and earth, so human activities should follow the example of heaven and earth. This is about the concept of "three talents of heaven, earth and man", or the concept of "the unity of heaven and man", which is a traditional concept that I had before. The Book of Changes clearly puts forward that "human nature" should take "Heaven" and "Tao" as examples: "Heaven is strong, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement"; "The terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with morality." Taoism inherited and developed this idea from the Book of Changes, and introduced "Tao" and "Tao is natural"; That is, man, earth and heaven should all imitate Tao, and Tao should also imitate nature. This paper not only emphasizes the differences among "man", "earth", "heaven" and "Tao", but also pays attention to their relations in the differences. In addition, in this respect, the concept of "harmony" is also expounded; Especially today, when mankind is facing the imbalance between man and nature, the disharmony between man and society and others, and the injustice of man's own body and mind, this harmonious relationship is even more important.
Because, in Laozi's view, people not only represent themselves, but also include people and others, people and society, and people's own body and mind. "Heaven" and "Earth" represent nature. People's "person", "earth", "sky", "person to person", "body" and "heart", together with "Tao" as the source and origin of them and everything else, are originally different things. However, there are differences, opposites and even contradictions between independent things. However, the survival and development of all things are inseparable from their proper state of "harmony" and "combination". Laozi clearly told everyone: "Knowing peace is constant, and knowing what is often is clear." In other words, whoever truly realizes "harmony" can always remain "awake", stay awake and rational, and no longer be confused.
The so-called "legal nature", in our words today, means that people's thoughts, speeches and actions should proceed from reality, seek truth from facts, respect objectivity, act according to "nature" and laws, and prevent the blind movement of subjectivism. It should be said that the increasingly serious ecological crisis in today's world is caused by human beings destroying the "harmony" among man, earth, heaven and Tao, failing to act in accordance with the laws of nature, plundering natural resources and natural environment for human development, and failing to take appropriate protective measures. To resolve this state of contradiction between man and nature, maintain ecological balance and solve the increasingly serious crisis of human existence, of course, we must rely on today's advanced means, but at the same time, we should also see that China's traditional culture has its unique value in this respect. The ideas of "respecting nature" and "seeking harmony" in Taoist culture have very important practical significance.
The idea of governing by doing nothing.
Governing by doing nothing is the basic idea of Taoism and the basic method of its practice. The thinking method of governing by doing nothing was first put forward by Laozi. Laozi believes that everything in the world is born of Tao, and the movement and change of everything in the world also follow the law of Tao. The law of Tao is the "Tao is natural" mentioned earlier. Since Tao is based on nature, we should treat things naturally, let things develop freely according to their own inevitability, and make them in a natural state that conforms to Tao, without interfering with it or influencing the natural process of things with subjective will, that is, "governing by doing nothing." Only in this way can things exist normally and develop healthily. Therefore, in the Taoist view, we should avoid doing anything wrong when dealing with people and cultivating our minds. Laozi said, "He who teaches without words is a saint." "Virtue is doing nothing and thinking nothing; Friedrich Hirth has something to do and thinks about it. " "Learning more and more, the Tao is losing more and more, losing more and more, and doing nothing. Doing nothing and doing nothing. " According to Taoism, in the state of natural inaction, things can develop smoothly according to their own laws, and so can people and society. If people interfere too much and intervene and change the natural state of people and society according to some subjective desire, the result will only be counterproductive. Therefore, only under the natural conditions of inaction can people live healthily and society develop normally. The so-called "doing nothing without doing anything" is also.
For modern people, the biggest problem in life is the troubles and pains brought by various interests and desires. Under the modern and developed traffic and communication conditions, everyone is always tempted by money, power and beauty, and always stimulated by sensory enjoyment, which will inevitably lead to people's yearning and pursuit for them, thus making them uneasy and rash, trying to achieve their desired happiness and happiness in life through promising methods. But obviously, there will be no other result except wasting energy and energy. This is just as Laozi pointed out: "Five colors are blind; Five tones are not deaf; Five flavors are refreshing; Riding wild hunting makes people crazy; Rare goods are an obstacle. " And the harder you try to achieve such a goal, the more distant the goal, the greater the pain caused by your efforts, so that you can't extricate yourself from the pain and trouble. The only way to prevent this is to transcend this promising pursuit, clear up one's mind, calm one's mind, consolidate one's foundation, get rid of the temptation of all kinds of material desires, face life with a laissez-faire attitude, calmly treat all kinds of problems, let nature take its course, and finally govern by inaction, so as to maintain physical and mental health, reach the realm of harmony with Tao, and make life enter the highest empty realm.