The building structure of Sipailou is a three-story building with three double eaves. The first and second floors are three rooms wide and three rooms deep. Sipailou has a peculiar shape, which is a combination of pavilion style and arched style. The upper and lower squares, sparrow replacement and plates of the archway are all carved with exquisite bas-relief plastic, which has high artistic value. 1, the eaves on the second floor and the second floor use the cantilever of the beam to get out of the building, so that the eaves protrude from the eaves, and the illusion of another roof is created by using the visual principle. 3. The three-story eaves occupy very little space, and a cross-shaped rest peak is set to balance the weight of the roof and eaves reasonably. In a word, the four archways have high cultural relics and ornamental value.
It is said that there are only two and a half arched buildings in China: one in Beijing, one in Xinghua and half in Suzhou!
Sipailou in xinghua city, Jiangsu Province, also known as "Four Zang Fang".
However, when I walked into this humble "pavilion" and looked up, I had a unique feeling. Above are layers of calligraphy plaques with different styles, large and small. Qi Gong, Sha Menghai, Zhao Puchu and other 47 contemporary famous calligraphers' ink and ink complement each other, which is dizzying. The small four-arched building can be favored by so many famous artists, which shows its weight.
Xinghua Sipailou was called "Sizanfang" in Ming Dynasty, and it was called Sipailou after Qing Dynasty. About its completion time, there is no exact record in all the local records of Xinghua. The earliest existing Xinghua local chronicles is Hu Zhi, which was written in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty? 1559, there is no record of Sizanfang or Sipailou throughout. The earliest written record was written in the 19th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty? The Eurography of 159 1 records: "Taiping Bridge has four squares, which are called the provincial pavilion of the country, Huaihai humanities, the best monarch and the prime minister of the champion." After that, in the twenty-third year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty? Zhang Zhi of 1684, the first year of Xianfeng? Li Zhi of Liang Zhihe 1943 of 185 1 were recorded respectively. It can be inferred from this that the Four Pailou in Xinghua was built 38 years after Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty and 19 years before Wanli, that is, 1559 to159/about 30 years. From the analysis of the first two plaques of "Prime Minister No.1" and "Prime Minister", it can be seen that the completion time of the Sipai Building was after the promotion to Huiji and Li Man was sealed by the shadow, so it can only be two years in the Ming Dynasty at the earliest? 1568 。 If it is earlier, although Li Chunfang entered the cabinet, he can't be called the "prime minister", but he can only join the "National Academy and Provincial Cabinet" with Koko, and Li Tang can't seal Shao Shi, so he can't be called the "top grade". Therefore, it can be considered that the completion time of Xinghua Sipailou should be around 1568 to 159 1 year, about 430 years ago.
In 430 years, four archways were destroyed twice. The first time the record was broken was in liangzhi. It is said that the first year of Jiaqing was a.d. 1796, and only one record was restored before it was destroyed, that is, in the 23rd year of Kangxi? 1684, Zhangkeli County was rebuilt, and it has been 1 12 years since it was destroyed. 100 years, especially in Qianlong, Daxing Wenzi Prison and Xinghua. Who dares to advocate the restoration of the ruins of this former dynasty? So it was in disrepair for a long time, and naturally it was abandoned. Fortunately, the old concept is repeated only once every two years. The second destruction was 1966, and the distance from the first destruction was 170 years. The "Cultural Revolution" broke the "four old" and established the "four new", and the four archways perished. At that time, he was charged with two counts; First, the illegal goods that are "sealed for repair" belong to the "four old" that should be swept away; Second, this used to be the execution ground for killing revolutionary martyrs, with revolutionary martyrs' heads hanging? After investigation, this accusation is groundless. So the two crimes were punished together, the main building was demolished, most of the plaques were dismembered, and the unbreakable stone pillars are still buried deep under the old riverside of Buguotang in Xiaonanmen. After a lapse of 24 years, it was not until 1990 that the xinghua city Municipal People's Government complied with the public opinion and the people of the whole city actively donated money, which made the Sipai Building see the light of day again.
Regarding the location of the four archways, is Ou Zhi named "Taiping Bridge"? Xianqiao, abandoned in 1958, written by Zhang Zhi as "in front of the county" and written by liangzhi as "in the north of Xianqiao", all refer to the same location, that is, the center of the intersection of the East-West Bridge in the old city and the south of the old county, with four pillars and four doors extending in all directions. Does this have anything to do with the old county government and Yuan Man? Which one goes south, Liuyuan, Haizizi, Gongjitai, Xianqiao, Gong Yi Square or Zhongzhengmen? The small south gate is in a straight line. The eight-character bridge in the east and the Darcy Tower in the west have become landmark buildings in the center of the old city. 1990 During the restoration and reconstruction, it was slightly moved and built in the northeast of the original site, integrating with the museum.
Li Zhiji carved 47 inscriptions on the four archways of 1943, which is exactly the number before the demolition of 1966. According to the records, the total number should be 49. In addition to the 47 pieces we saw today, there are also "Zhouchao Provincial Pavilion" and "Huaihai Humanities" hanging in the early Ming Dynasty. These two plaques were still there when Kangxi rebuilt in the twenty-third year. It is speculated that Jiaqing is three years old? 1853 was cancelled during reconstruction. The word "Guo Chao" is homophonic with "Dangchao", and the "Guo Chao Provincial Pavilion" was originally set up by the "Guo Chao" Pavilion in the Ming Dynasty, such as Gao Gu and others. By the Qing Dynasty, the word "Guo Chao" was out of date, so it was changed to "Provincial Academy, Famous Public". "Huaihai Humanities" refers to the famous heroes in Xinghua history. It and other plaques in Sipailou are clearly defined for whom but not harmonious, so it should be said that it is very insightful to remove them.
47 plaques and badges, 75 historical figures in Xinghua, 8 1 person, Southern Song Dynasty? Science comes first, from the beginning to the early years of the Republic of China? The symbol of Renshou spans five generations. However, the time when the plaque was set up did not conform to the historical order. According to records, there were only four pieces when the Ming Dynasty was first built, and then there were only six pieces of Sages in the East China Sea and Talents in the Central Plains, which was basically at that time? By the figures of the Ming dynasty. It was only after twenty-three years of Kangxi that it gradually increased, and there appeared the character plaques in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. It took Jiaqing three years to form a "plaque on both sides, which can be used to show the glory of cultural relics." Most of the 47 plaques were sponsored by local officials or gentry and celebrities. Among them, the "quiet and reassuring" royal gifts and the "sign of benevolence and longevity" specially presented by President Xu Shichang in the early years of the Republic of China were only local copies or imitations. As a result, powerful people have the upper hand, while some people who have a great position in history, such as Cheng, Hu Xian, Lu Xixing, Zong and Yu, have been ignored, not to mention Zhang Shicheng and He. As for the discriminated warriors, boudoir, craftsmen and foreigners, of course, they are all excluded. Therefore, the plaque of Sipailou can reflect a part of Xinghua's history, but it can't be partial.
Except that "a famous poet and painter" wrote a title for Zheng Banqiao and copied Xianfeng's imperial book, the calligraphers who wrote the old inscriptions were not detailed. In the past, when calligraphers erected plaques for special people, it was customary to never sign the calligrapher's name. This is not only to show the modesty of the calligrapher, but also to avoid usurping the role of the master. Today, there are 47 plaques in the rebuilt four-arched building. Except for 1 old tablet and 6 imitations, the other 40 tablets were inscribed by 40 contemporary calligraphers in China, making Xinghua Sipailou not only a historical relic, but also a treasure of contemporary China calligraphy art.
In the 1980s, xinghua city rebuilt the Sipailou, which was basically built according to its original appearance, and its area nearly doubled than that in history. Seven original plaques were also collected from the people, but the original handwriting was illegible. Fortunately, the most symbolic "Five Mountains in the Sky" on the roof is still an old decoration.
Gao Chunli of Xinghua Museum once explained the Sipailou to 65,438+10,000 tourists. She said that there are two such buildings in China, but only one is rebuilt, and its architectural style and display characteristics are unique.