Inside, you seem to have seen the first four industrial revolutions.
If I want to vote for China's manufacturing industry, I will vote for Huawei and BYD.
Back to 1995, mobile phones began to be popularized at the right time, but there is no secondary rechargeable battery enterprise with independent intellectual property rights in China, and foreign waste batteries are popular in China.
BYD, who saw this opportunity, did it. Wang Chuanfu led the R&D team to work day and night, which not only filled the technical gap of domestic rechargeable batteries, but also once surpassed the global battery giants Sanyo and Sony to become the first China lithium-ion battery supplier of Motorola and Nokia.
At the peak, one out of every three mobile phones in the world uses BYD's battery.
June 5438 +2003 10, BYD, which started with batteries, acquired Qinchuan Automobile and entered the automobile industry. The media, shareholders, funds and even BYD employees don't understand. Many fund managers called Wang Chuanfu to persuade him to give up the acquisition plan, and some even threatened him: "If you insist on the acquisition, we will sell BYD shares until we die."
10 On June 6th, BYD acquired the semiconductor manufacturer Ningbo Zhongwei for nearly 200 million yuan, which integrated the upstream industrial chain of electric vehicles and accelerated the commercialization of BYD's electric vehicles.
In the same year, in 65438+February and 65438+May, the world's first dual-mode electric vehicle BYD F3DM dual-mode electric vehicle was officially listed in Shenzhen. This dual-mode car integrates many top high-tech technologies such as automobile manufacturing, battery technology, motor system and vehicle electronics technology, and is a model of energy saving, environmental protection, fashion and technology.
The above achievements are not enough to represent BYD's greatness. What I say next will definitely give you a new understanding of BYD.
IGBT technology revolution
What is IGBT?
Simply put, it is the semiconductor component used in the electric drive system, which is equivalent to the "CPU" of the automobile power system. This is the part of the cost of electric vehicles that is second only to the power battery, accounting for 8%- 10% of the total vehicle cost.
Because of its high technical threshold, the design and manufacturing process is very difficult, and it is known as the "Everest of the core technology of electric vehicles".
Although China is the world's largest new energy vehicle market, it is a pity that in the domestic market, the production capacity of high-end IGBT is seriously insufficient, and it is hard to find a core.
Most IGBT used in domestic electric vehicle MCU, inverter air conditioner, welding machine and inverter are basically imported, and the price and delivery cycle are subject to foreign countries. Nearly 80% market share of IGBT chips is monopolized by European, American and Japanese companies such as Infineon, Valeo and mitsubishi electric.
BYD's acquisition of Ningbo Zhongwei was extremely unpopular at that time. For a time, "insiders said BYD lost at least 2 billion yuan" and "the huge loss of chip projects dragged down BYD" and so on.
Although the research and development process is extremely difficult and the outside world is constantly questioning, hard work pays off.
In September, 2009, the IGBT 1.0 chip developed by BYD Semiconductor successfully passed the appraisal of scientific and technological achievements organized by the Power Electronics Branch of China Electrical Appliance Industry Association, marking that China has achieved zero breakthrough in IGBT chip technology and broken the technological monopoly of international giants.
In 20 12, IGBT 2.0 chip came out. Based on this, BYD successfully built a vehicle-level IGBT module.
From 2065438 to 2008, BYD Semiconductor successfully developed a brand-new IGBT 4.0 chip, which became the benchmark of IGBT. IGBT 4.0 products crush foreign competitors in many key indexes such as electrical performance, current output, comprehensive loss and temperature cycle.
In 20 19, BYD installed about194,000 sets of IGBT modules in China * *, with a market share of 18%, ranking second only to Infineon.
Nowadays, the output of IGBT chips of BYD Semiconductor is rising rapidly, and the wafer production capacity of IGBT chips has reached 50,000 pieces/month. It is estimated that it will reach 654.38+10,000 vehicles/month next year, and it can supply10.2 million new energy vehicles a year.
So far, BYD has the ability to design, etch and package IGBT chips, and it is also the only car company in the world that has mastered the core technology of IGBT.
How can I put it? BYD's position in IGBT field is just like Huawei Hisilicon's position in mobile phone chip field.
At the same time, BYD Semiconductor also laid out IGBT patents. In 2007, BYD submitted its first patent application for IGBT. By May 8, 2020, BYD had published 130 IGBT patent families in derwent World Patent Database, of which 23 1 patents were recorded, and 70% of the patents were distributed in Chinese mainland.
Blade battery
Before understanding the blade battery, let's first understand a common sense:
At present, the most commonly used power batteries for pure electric vehicles are divided into lithium ternary batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries.
Popular science: Tesla currently uses the traditional battery 18650, which is a power lithium battery with mature technology, strong adaptability and the lowest cost.
In the past few years, many companies have fallen into the blind comparison of "cruising range", and their thermal stability is poor. However, ternary lithium batteries with higher energy density than lithium iron phosphate batteries are widely sought after, but ternary lithium batteries have one of the most fatal weaknesses:
It will decompose at about 200℃, the chemical reaction will be more intense, and oxygen molecules will be released, which will easily lead to thermal runaway and eventually explosion.
Well, speaking of which, do you have any questions: lithium ferrous phosphate has a low capacity, and lithium ternary is easy to explode naturally, so the battery has no solution.
BYD just doesn't believe in evil, and it is generally not optimistic about lithium ferrous phosphate, and its carrying capacity is declining year by year. So BYD abruptly let Cycas blossom and independently developed blade batteries.
Why is it called blade? Because this battery is long and flat, the length can be customized freely between 0.6-2 1 meter.
The cells of the blade battery are stacked, just like inserting the blade into the battery pack, so that the battery is not only an energy source, but also a structural member, which is equivalent to directly integrating the cells into the battery pack.
What does this look like? Give an inappropriate example:
Generally speaking, you are thin, so the house must be supported by beams. Suddenly one day, you become fat, so fat that you almost occupy the whole room. At this time, the house no longer needs beams, because you have become a support.
After this operation, BYD improved the space utilization rate of the traditional lithium iron phosphate battery from 40% to 60%, and the energy density of the battery system reached the highest 150Wh/Kg.
In order to verify the safety of the battery, BYD moved out of the acupuncture test that met the national standards.
How difficult is the acupuncture exam? In the field of power batteries, passing this safety test is as difficult as climbing Mount Everest.
In this experiment, lithium ternary battery, traditional lithium ferrous phosphate battery and blade battery were selected as experimental samples under the same environmental conditions: the battery was directly pierced with a steel needle, and a raw egg was beaten on the surface of the battery to observe the temperature change.
The test results are as follows:
① At the moment of puncture, the ternary lithium battery experienced a drastic temperature change, the surface temperature quickly exceeded 500 degrees, and the raw egg was instantly burnt. Then the heat of the battery got out of control and began to burn violently.
② After the common lithium iron phosphate battery was punctured, there was no fire and smoke, and the surface temperature reached 200-400 degrees. Eggs are also mushy.
③ After the blade battery is punctured, it is nameless and smokeless, and the surface temperature of the telephone is only about 30-60 degrees. The eggs are safe and sound.
BYD became famous in World War I, and the bright sword of Blade Battery gave BYD the confidence to swear to completely erase the word "spontaneous combustion" from the new energy dictionary.
In addition to the above-mentioned IGBT and blade battery, BYD also has core technologies such as 700V high-voltage electrification platform, the most powerful permanent magnet synchronous motor in mass production models, and boost fast charging system.
It is the persistence of independent research and development for decades that makes international Ilya car companies such as Toyota and Daimler willing to cooperate with BYD in the field of new energy.
Both Wang Chuanfu and BYD said they did it, which is also an important reason why Buffett has been supporting and insisting on BYD's stock for decades. BYD is the only China enterprise that Buffett has invested in recent years.
He praised Wang Chuanfu as one of his four most admired CEOs (the other three are Jeff Bezos of Amazon, Mark Donagan of Precision Machinery and Tim Cook of Apple).
Charles Munger even called Wang Chuanfu "a mixture of Edison and Jack Welch".
Insisting on independent research and development is only the foundation of BYD's foothold in the industry, not all. How can excellent strategic vision and business top-level design logic make BYD create miracles step by step? We'll talk about it next time.
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