The Battle of Verdun was the most destructive and longest-lasting battle in the First World War. The war lasted from 1965438+2 1 in February 2006 to 19 in February 2006. Germany and France invested 100 division, killing more than 250,000 people and injuring more than 500,000 people. The number of casualties is second only to the Battle of the Somme, and it is called "Verdun Meat Grinder".

2. Battle of the Somme

The Battle of the Somme broke out in July 19 16, which was the largest battle in the First World War. There were about 6.5438+0.34 million casualties on both sides of the war, including more than 450,000 British troops, more than 340,000 French troops and about 538,000 German troops. The British and French armies failed to break through the German lines, but they contained the German attack on Verdun, further weakening the German strength.

3. Battle of Marne River

The first battle of the Marne River, also known as the miracle of the Marne River, was a battle on the western front of the First World War. The fighting took place from September 5, 19 14 to June 5438+02. In this battle, the British and French allied forces jointly defeated the German Imperial Army.

The second Battle of the Marne River or the Battle of the Ram was the battle on the western front of World War I, which took place from July 19 18 to August 6, 2008. This is the last battle in which the Germans launched a large-scale attack on the western front. Because the allied forces led by the French army counterattacked and subdued the Germans, the Germans suffered serious casualties.

Extended data:

1, the cause of World War I

1965438+On June 28th, 2004 (Serbia's National Day), Archduke Ferdinand and his wife, the Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, were shot and killed by Serbian youth Gaffry Joe Princip while visiting Sarajevo. Become the fuse of World War I.

A month later, with the support of Germany, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia under the pretext of Sarajevo incident. Then Germany, Russia, France and Britain went to war one after another.

The warring parties are the allies, the German Empire and Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria that support them. On the other hand, Britain, France and Russia, as allies, and Serbia, Belgium, Italy, the United States and other countries that support them.

Italy, which was originally an ally, joined the Allies for its interests.

In order to expand its influence in East Asia and invade China, Japan declared war on Germany in 19 14 under the pretext of the anglo-japanese alliance concluded in 1902, and quickly occupied Germany's sphere of influence in Shandong, China.

2. World War I can be divided into three stages:

19 14 was the first stage of the war. This year, according to the Schrieffen plan made before the war, the Germans first launched a large-scale attack on the western front. Due to the fierce resistance of French, British and Belgian troops in the Battle of the Marne River and the Russian attack on the Eastern Front, the German quick war plan went bankrupt. The two sides in the western front fought in trenches, confronted each other for a long time and turned to positional warfare.

1915-1916 was the second stage of the war. This year, three large-scale battles took place on land, namely, the Battle of Verdun on the western front and the Battle of the Somme on the eastern front, as well as the Russian summer offensive. At sea, after the Jutland naval battle, Britain still firmly controlled the sea power. At this stage, the strategic initiative of the war was transferred to the side of the allies.

1917-1918 is the third stage of the war. 19 17 years, the United States participated in the war against Germany, and China and other countries also participated in the war one after another. The number of allies increased to 27, and Russia broke out the "February Revolution" and "October Revolution" and withdrew from the imperialist war.

19 18 in March, the Germans attacked on the western front and were defeated. On August 8, under the command of Fu Xu, the Allies began to counterattack and drove the Germans out of France and Belgium, and the main force of the Germans began to disintegrate rapidly. /kloc-In September of 0/5, the Bulgarian army was defeated and surrendered to the allied forces on September 29th.

65438+1October 3 1 Turkey surrendered. Austria-Hungary surrendered on165438+1October 3. 165438+1On October 4th, sailors of the naval fleet in Kiel Military Port held an uprising and founded the Soviet Union. 1October 9th, 165438+ Berlin workers and soldiers held a general strike and armed uprising. Due to domestic troubles and foreign invasion, German Emperor William II was forced to abdicate and fled to Holland on June 9th.

1918165438+1October 1 1, the Germans formally surrendered. German representatives signed an armistice agreement on the March train of General fuchs in Kangbian Forest in the north of Paris. The first world war ended here.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Verdun campaign

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Baidu Encyclopedia-Battle of Marne River

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Baidu encyclopedia-battle of somme river

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Baidu encyclopedia-world war I