1, Xia, Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States. According to historical statistics, Xia has been established for more than 400 years, with a population of about 3 million at its peak. Shang was founded more than 600 years ago, and its population was about100000 in its heyday. Zhou was divided into two dynasties, which lasted for more than 800 years. The population in the Western Zhou Dynasty was about 6.5438+million, in the Spring and Autumn Period it was about 20 million, and in the heyday of the Warring States Period it was about 30 million.
According to Chunqiu, there were 448 wars in 242 years. By the Warring States period, there were 222 large-scale wars alone. At the end of the Warring States Period, the population of China dropped to about 20 million. About100000 people died of war, hunger, slavery, etc. One third of the population has disappeared. This is also the first great population decline in history.
2. Qin and Han Dynasties. When Qin Shihuang was unified in 22 1 BC, the population of Qin Dynasty was about 20 million. However, in the short Qin dynasty, instead of recuperation, wars continued to occur frequently, and the corvee of the Qin dynasty was heavy. By the early Western Han Dynasty, the population was only about15 million to18 million. After the recuperation of Wenjing rule and the continuation of relevant policies, the population in the late Western Han Dynasty surged to about 60 million.
However, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, political turmoil, Wang Mang usurped the throne and other large-scale civil strife caused the population to plummet to about 25 million. In just a few decades, Xi 'an's population has decreased from 680,000 to 280,000, Dali from 9 1 10,000 to10.4 million, Xingping from 830,000 to 90,000, and Suiyuan from 690,000 to 20,000. The national population lost 60%, and many places became barren, which is also the second great population recession in history.
3. Eastern Han and Three Kingdoms Period. In AD 25, Liu Xiu ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor. Later, he promulgated various policies for recuperation, which was called "Guangxu Zhongxing" in history. By the year 156, the population of the whole country had recovered to about 50 million. However, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Yellow Scarf Uprising and the establishment of the Three Kingdoms reduced the population to about 30 million. Coupled with the once-in-a-century disaster, the history books use "the horse hangs first, the woman in the car is behind" and "the bones are exposed in the wild, there are no crows in a thousand miles, and more than one person is born, but the human intestines are broken."
According to historical records, there were 280,000 households with a population of 940,000 when Shu died, including 65,438+200,000 soldiers. When Wu died, there were 530,000 households with 2.3 million people, 230,000 internal soldiers, 32,000 officials and 5,000 common people. Wei Pingshu has 660,000 households and a population of 4.4 million. There are about 6.5438+0.4 million households in the three countries with a population of 7.67 million. From the peak of 50 million to the population below100000, in just over a hundred years, 80% of the population in China disappeared, which is the third great population recession in history.
4. Gold and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In 266 AD, the usurper Wei established the Jin Dynasty, known as the Western Jin Dynasty in history. The Western Jin Dynasty unified the whole country, and the population quickly recovered to more than 20 million. However, from 29 1 year, the eight kings of Runan, Chu, Zhao, Qi, Changsha, Hejian, Donghai and Chengdu fought each other in Luoyang. This war lasted 16 years, and hundreds of thousands of people died. It is called "Eight Kings Rebellion" in history.
The "Eight Kings Rebellion" caused more serious damage to the underdeveloped economy in the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty. At the same time, a rare plague of locusts and plagues broke out in kanto region, and historical records recorded that "as for Yongjia, the chaos was very serious". To the east of Yongzhou, the people are hungry and cold, and they are eager to sell themselves and tell each other.
5. Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. As one of the dynasties with short historical life, Sui Dynasty made great contributions. In the early Sui Dynasty, the population rose rapidly to 50 million, and the country flourished, which was called emperor rule in history. However, after Yang Di ascended the throne, domestic corvees increased greatly. According to historical records, when the Grand Canal was built, more than 5.43 million servants were used to dig around the clock. There were not enough men and women, and more than half of them died. Later, foreign troops were used wantonly, causing numerous casualties.
During the period from June11to 18 in 628, there were 136 mutinies, revolts and court coups. More than 50 people claimed to be emperors and kings, and all of them were unified150,000 soldiers, each fighting for his own side. The number of households in China has decreased from 8.9 million to 2.9 million, and the population has decreased from 46.02 million in the third year of Yang Di Daye (AD 606) to12.35 million in the thirteenth year of Emperor Taizong Zhenguan (AD 639). The national population loss rate is 73%.
The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Five Dynasties and Ten Countries Baidu Encyclopedia-Southern and Northern Dynasties.