For example, the large-scale sea war between Japan and the Qing Empire was not premeditated from the beginning. At that time, Li Hongzhang saw through the Japanese conspiracy and took the initiative to retreat. Japan has no excuse to take advantage of the situation on the Korean peninsula and use force, so the Japanese army has to retreat. However, at this moment, the sudden domestic demands and the call for war in the Qing Dynasty limited the retreat of the Japanese army, and the bellicose passion of the people contributed to the first foreign war in modern history.
For another example, the fierce war after 10 was largely driven by the surging militant ideas in society. As for the Pacific War provoked by Japan later, it was not a decision made under the guidance of calm and rationality at all. On this point, reischauer has a very profound comment. He believes that, unlike Germany and Italy, there is no dictator in Japan, and the whole system of Japan is not the product of a clearly defined mass movement, but is caused by ambiguous emotional changes and changes in the balance of Japanese social elites. In the final analysis, people's mood (including * * *) plays a decisive role here.
This national character can also be seen from the Japanese strategy and tactics. As we all know, the Japanese army is good at surprise attacks. China's films (Tunnel Warfare) and (Private Zhang Ga) describe the plot of Japanese devils sneaking into villages in the dark night, and they are not fabricated out of thin air. The victories of several foreign wars in Japan's modern history are almost all related to this sudden attack and pre-emptive success. Paralyzing the other side and giving a fatal blow while it is unprepared has always been the specialty of the Japanese. 194 1 year 65438+the successful attack on pearl harbor on February 7 is a typical example.
Sneaking on Pearl Harbor is not an easy task, and it is extremely risky. Japan's huge fleet will sail nearly 3000 miles across the Pacific Ocean, which is very likely to be discovered by the US. However, the good discipline and careful preparation of the Japanese navy, coupled with the carelessness of the US military, made this attack a complete victory. The Japanese army chose such an American soldier in the early hours of Sunday morning to attack when he was either sleeping or playing. Is there any reason for not being successful?
This kind of surprise attack has existed in Japan since ancient times and is the specialty of ancient warriors.
Agawa Hiroyuki's biography ((Isoroku Yamamoto)) recorded such a thing. When Yamamoto was working in the American Embassy in Washington, he played chess with a man named Fawalu, which wrote: After dinner, Yamamoto walked up to Fawalu and said, "You can play chess!" " As soon as the voice of "Hui" Fahua Law fell, Yamamoto came to play chess and set the pieces. The two men were killed. Before the other party could figure out his own chess path, Yamamoto launched a surprise attack and flew out a "car" from the middle. Fahualu didn't expect his action. He lost the first game.
Fahualu has a cool head. He carefully observed the characteristics of Yamamoto's chess skills. It is found that Yamamoto only pays attention to onslaught, not retreat, and mainly adopts the method of surprise attack in order to make a quick decision. France and China are tit for tat. First, they take the initiative to defend themselves, and then resist the fierce attack of the other side. Then turn from defending to attacking. This move blocked Yamamoto's attack, left him in a passive state, and he lost three games in a row. It is said that since then, Yamamoto has never asked to play chess with Fahualu. This game of chess reminds Fa Hualu, who said with deep experience: Before the Pacific War, if the United States had paid a little attention to the personality of Yamamoto, the main general of the Japanese navy, it could at least be estimated that he might launch a surprise attack on Hawaii. Yamamoto's character typically represents the character of Japanese soldiers. Not only in the Pacific War, but also in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894- 1895, the Japanese navy also defeated the Beiyang Navy with this tactic.
9. 18, the kwantung army also used this trick to occupy Shenyang. Lightning sneak attack is the secret of Japan's victory on the battlefield. This role does have its terrible side. Nine times out of ten, people who think they are late will suffer. Usually before they can respond, they are defeated and lose the ability to fight back. China has suffered such losses, Russia has suffered such losses, and the United States has also suffered such losses. The lessons of history are worth summing up.