Happy and interesting

Zhang Zai (1020- 1077) was a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zi Yuehou, born in Hengqu Town, Meixian County, Shaanxi Province, is known as Mr. Hengqu in the world. When I was young, I studied the art of war, tried to make friends, recovered the lost land in Taoxi, and worked as a bookkeeper in Chongwen Academy. He wrote books and lectured all his life, preaching and teaching, and was praised as "Mr. Hengqu" by the world.

In Zhang Zai's spiritual legacy, these four famous sayings are widely read, which are also the essence of his thoughts. Therefore, these four sentences are called "four sentences of horizontal canal" by contemporary philosopher Feng Youlan.

Zhang Zai lived in a special historical era of the Northern Song Dynasty-the revival of Confucianism. He wrote a lot in his life and put forward the theory that "Qi is too empty", affirming that "Qi" is an entity full of the universe, and all kinds of things are formed by the accumulation and dispersion of "Qi". Zhang Zai is the author of Zhengmeng, Anthology, Yi Shuo, Chunqiu Shuo and On Confucian Classics.

Zhang Zaiqi's school is called "Guan Xue" because he teaches Guan Zhong. "

After carefully studying The Doctrine of the Mean, Zhang Zai studied Buddhism and finally returned to Confucianism, forming a complete ideological system. History books say that his learning is "respecting courtesy and virtue, enjoying life, taking the Book of Changes as the religion, taking the golden mean as the body and taking Confucius and Mencius as the law", which shows that Fan Zhongyan's understanding of others and Zhang Zai's mastery of learning. "Four Sentences of Hengqu" is concise, showing the lofty atmosphere of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty and bearing the profound heritage of China traditional culture.

"Stand for heaven and earth" means "stand for yourself" and "achieve for yourself"; "Making a living for the people" means "creating people" and "creating people", which is the expansion of the spatial dimension; "Never forget the past, be a teacher of the future" is to open up the future for China and even mankind, and Do not forget your initiative mind is an extension of the time dimension. Only by doing this, can it last for a long time.

Experts believe that "the heart of heaven and earth, the life of the people, the past and the future, and the peace of the world" emphasize the relationship between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and heart respectively. These four sentences fully embody the Confucian spirit of "benevolent governance" and "love between heaven and earth". If "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world" is the personal ideal of Confucianism, then "four sentences in a horizontal canal" is the ambition of Confucianism.

Zhang Zai's thought not only has a groundbreaking and pioneering position for Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, but also has great ideological tolerance, innovative spirit and mission significance from the perspective of the whole history of Confucianism.

In the vast universe, individual people are small, but everyone can uphold the "four sentences of the horizontal canal". They can represent the world, the people, the future and eternal peace.

Throughout his life, Zhang Zai was called into the Jin Dynasty twice, worked as an official for three years, wrote a book, ran a school, and was poor all his life. After his death, he was as poor as a church mouse. Only when the students hear the news can they buy a coffin. In the historical masterpiece "Yueyang Tower", Mr. Fan Wenzheng put forward such a view: "If you live in a temple, you will worry about your people; Living in the rivers and lakes, you will worry about you, while Mr. Hengqu retired as an official and opened up a new situation for Confucianism under the historical conditions at that time with practical actions.

"Make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, inherit the past and the future, and be peaceful for the world." This is the essence of Zhang Zai's thought. These four famous sayings are widely read in the new era. Chinese leaders have expounded these famous sayings in international conferences many times, and exported China's excellent traditional culture.

I suggest you memorize these four famous sayings, learn from Guan Xue for Hengqu, tell the story of Hengqu well, carry forward the spirit of Guan Xue, and strengthen cultural confidence.