Four aspects of contrast are used: the contrast of Qin itself being strong first and then weak, prosperous first and then declining, prosperous first and then dying; Comparison between Qin and Six Countries: Comparison between Qin and Six Countries: Comparison between Chen She and Six Countries. In this way, the central argument of the article is highlighted through comparative argumentation.
Several contrasts are intertwined, and the structure is natural and magnificent, and the momentum is natural and majestic, and the words are more weighty. The difference between subjective and objective situations and the difficulty of ups and downs of strength are all manifested from several aspects of comparison. The reason why the article is full of gas is not difficult to understand.
On Guo Qin is the representative work of Jia Yi's political theory, which is divided into three parts. The full text analyzes the faults of the Qin Dynasty from various aspects, so it is named "On Qin".
This paper aims to summarize the historical lessons of Qin's sudden death and provide reference for the establishment of the system and the consolidation of the rule in the Han Dynasty. It is a group of articles with profound insights and great artistic appeal.
Extended data
Creation background
The era of Emperor Wendi in the Western Han Dynasty was the early stage of the so-called "peace and prosperity" in the Han Dynasty, that is, "the rule of cultural scene". Jia Yi, with his keen insight, saw the latent crisis in the Western Han Dynasty through appearances. At that time, rich and powerful people embezzled a large number of farmers' land, forcing farmers into bankruptcy and exile, and heavy oppression, exploitation and cruel punishment also aggravated class contradictions. The contradiction between domestic feudal separatism and centralization, the contradiction between the ruling class and the working people, and the contradiction between ethnic groups are intensifying day by day, and the position of the rulers is in danger of being shaken.
In order to reconcile various contradictions and ensure the long-term stability of the Western Han Dynasty, Jia Yi put forward many political opinions to the Han Dynasty in famous political essays such as Chen Zheng's Poems, On Storing and Storing, and On Guo Qin.
This paper analyzes the success or failure of Qin politics from the perspective of summing up historical experience and lessons, and provides reference for Emperor Wendi's political reform. When talking about the purpose of writing, Jia Yi said that the reason why he wanted to "examine the past, examine the present, participate in personnel, examine the rise and fall, and judge the power and tactics" was that he advocated "step by step and change with the times" with the aim of "long-term social security". The article On Qin summed up the lessons of the rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty, which was really Zhao Han's fault.
Of the three articles on Qin, the first one is the best and has the greatest influence.
It was first attached to the end of Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, and listed as the second article; Later, Chu added Historical Records, which was attached to the end of Chen She Family. This article is also selected from Hanshu and Wenxuan. Jia Yi's monograph "New Book" written today should be compiled by later generations, but this article is clearly marked as the "first part" of three articles. Among the four books, History Book, Korean Book, New Book and Selected Works, this article has five viewpoints, and the words and sentences in the article are quite different.
From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the present age, almost all the ancient prose anthologies have chosen the book On Qin (I), so there are many comments on it by predecessors. For example, Yao Nai, a poet in A Qing, rated him as a "majestic and grand boss" in A Collection of Ancient Literary Words, and Wu Kaisheng, a close friend, rated him as "a book full of attention, like a book".
To sum up the opinions of most commentators, it is mainly said that this article is full of momentum and is the first "prosperous" article in ancient and modern times. Therefore, Wu Kaisheng's view is more representative.