The Song Dynasty was established by Zhao Kuangyin through mutiny. He was very concerned about the mutiny of his dynasty, so "a glass of wine to relieve the military power" took away the military commanders' military power, so that they could only lead troops to fight, but could not recruit soldiers, eliminating the separatist regime of the Tang Dynasty, which was really significant to the stability of Jiangshan, and the Northern Song Dynasty also ended the separatist regime of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. However, this strategy in the Song Dynasty also resulted in weak military, lax defense and great changes, and strong enemies surrounded the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty rarely won battles with these countries, and occasionally the rulers of the Song Dynasty chose to sign tributes with the enemy countries, so the entire frontier of the Northern Song Dynasty was not calm, and the rulers also muddled along. In the end, Jingkang was humiliated, the Northern Song Dynasty perished, and the Southern Song Dynasty was established. In fact, there were many military commanders in the Song Dynasty, and Zong Ze, Han Shizhong and Yue Fei were all brave and good warriors. However, the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty were content with the status quo and continued to choose to surrender to the enemy and drag out an ignoble existence. From the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty in 960 to the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty in 1279, the Song Dynasty spanned more than 300 years and existed for a long time. However, there are always powerful enemies around this country, so wars are constant and national defense is always changing.
Song Dynasty was also a rather chaotic dynasty. Of course, the chaos here is not national civil strife, but social ideological trend and ruling ideology. Zhao Kuangyin released military commanders from the military power, attached great importance to civil servants, and became more open in culture. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, the style of writing was extremely heavy, Confucianism prevailed, and teachers were respected, which gave birth to many social thoughts, such as Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. It has trained many literary masters. There was no eunuch dictatorship in the Song Dynasty, but there was a serious ideological collision between the DPRK and China, and ideological factions were obvious. The most famous is Wang Anshi's political reform. Wang Anshi's reform ability shows that the ruler is wise, but he was quickly suppressed by the hostile faction headed by Sima Guang, which also shows that the ruler's own thoughts are rather chaotic. At the same time, there were many thieves and ministers in Song Dynasty, including Cai Jing, Gao Qiu and Qin Gui. The mixing of old and new parties and social thoughts has also seriously weakened the country's strength. As a result, the whole Song society was open and rigid, and the ruling ideology was constantly fighting!
Song Dynasty was the most prosperous feudal dynasty. On the basis of the development of the Tang Dynasty, the open social thought promoted the rapid development of agriculture and handicrafts. The shipbuilding technology in the Song Dynasty was second to none in the world, and the finance was relatively developed. The most representative one was the appearance of Jiaozi. Literature and art are more brilliant. Song Ci, Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, calligraphy and painting, and another invention that makes people in China depressed today, that is football. The level of football recorded in history books in Song Dynasty is better than that in any other country now. Science and technology in the Song Dynasty are equally valuable. Movable type printing, gunpowder and compass were all invented or popularized in the Song Dynasty.
To sum up, the Song Dynasty was a dynasty with changeable military situation, open social thought and prosperous economy. The Tang Dynasty was strong militarily, but at the same time its economy and culture did not prosper to the top. The Song Dynasty took over the development of the Tang Dynasty, so it surpassed the Tang Dynasty in economy and culture. The cruel national oppression policy of the Yuan Dynasty was the eastern factory of the Ming Dynasty. Xichang, Yu's backward stereotyped eight-part essay imperial examination, the literary inquisition in the Qing Dynasty, and the closed-door policy all made us feel that after the subjugation of the Song Dynasty, the feudal system in China had stagnated and began to decline!