1. The first champion in the history of China was Sun, the champion of five-year non-afternoon classes in Tang Wude.

2. Among the top scholars in past dynasties, the most revered national hero in later generations is Wen Tianxiang, the top scholar of Chen Bingke in the 4th year of Bao You in Southern Song Dynasty (1256). With his lofty patriotism and national integrity, he is known as the "top scholar among the top scholars".

3. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Weng Tonghe, the top scholar in Chen Bing in the sixth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1856), played an important role in China politics. He was an imperial envoy twice in his life, and he was the leader of the imperial envoys in the dispute between the emperor and the latter two factions in the late Qing Dynasty. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, he actively supported Kang Youwei's idea of political reform and recommended it to Emperor Guangxu, which eventually contributed to the "Reform Movement of 1898" and greatly changed the political situation at that time.

4. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who became an emperor from the top scholar was Li Zunxu, the top scholar of Guihai Branch in the tenth year of Xixia Tianqing (1203). He is the son of Li Yanzong, the imperial clan king of Xia Dynasty. In the tenth year of Tianqing (1203), he participated in the Xixia Imperial Examination and won the first place in Shi Ting, becoming the champion. Attack the king of Qi and promote the prefect. Later, in the second year after the establishment of Emperor Xixia (12 1 1), a palace coup was launched, and Xia Xiangzong was abolished and became emperor for Xia Zongshen.

6. It is well documented that the first scholar who won the "three yuan" in the imperial examination was Cui, the champion of new postal science in the second year of Tang Jianzhong (78 1). He has been admitted to Beijing Zhaofu Jietou (Xie Yuan), Scholar-like Head (No.1 scholar), erudite macro-words, and systems.

7. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who rose from the top scholar Wu to the prime minister was Guo Ziyi, the top scholar Wu Ju in the early years of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty. He experienced four dynasties: Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong, and served as prime minister twice. At the same time, he is also the most outstanding martial arts master of all ages.

8. In the imperial examinations of past dynasties, the number of people who got the "three yuan" test was the Northern Song Dynasty, with a total of six people, including Sun He, Wang Zeng, Song Yao (Xiang, the suburb of the Song Dynasty), Emperor Wen of Sui (Zhi Zi, the same family), Feng Jing and Wang Yanmu.

9. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the number of officials to prime ministers (including prime minister positions, such as cabinet records and university students) in the Ming Dynasty was the largest, including Hu Guang and Shang Lu, with a total of 17.

10. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the highest achievement in poetry and painting was Wang Wei, the top scholar of New Weike in the 19th year of Tang Kaiyuan (73 1). He is one of the outstanding representatives of the pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and his poetic art is considered to be "from Li (Bai) to Du (Fu), which should be the first". His paintings are highly regarded as the "ancestor of southern paintings", and ancient literati paintings began with him.

1 1. Among the top scholars in previous dynasties, Zhang Xiaoxiang, the top scholar in JOE in the 24th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 154), achieved the highest achievement in ci creation. His ci follows Su Shi, full of spirit and strong patriotic color. He and Zhang are also called the pioneers of the great patriotic poet Xin Qiji.

12. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Liu Gongquan, the top scholar of Wuzike in Tang and Yuan Dynasties (808), achieved the highest calligraphy achievement. He is good at regular script and cursive script, and is also called "Yan Liu" with Yan Zhenqing, another great calligrapher in Tang Dynasty. Historically, he and Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Zhao Mengfu in the Tang Dynasty were also called "four masters of regular script".

13. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, wang pu, the top scholar in the second year of Ganyou in the Five Dynasties (949), achieved the highest historical achievement. On the basis of Su Mian's founding conference in Tang Dynasty, he compiled hundreds of volumes of Tang Yaohui according to the conference compiled by Su Mian in Tang Dynasty and Yang Shaofu's sequel. Later, according to the History of the Five Dynasties, it was written into thirty volumes of the Five Dynasties Meeting. Not only the historical materials are rich and accurate, but also the style and method of text classification and compilation are formally established, which is imitated by future generations. This contribution is called "great achievement" by the summary of Siku.

14. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Yang Shen, the top scholar of Xinxu Branch in the sixth year of Ming Dynasty (151kloc-0/year), has the most abundant works. He is not only engaged in poetry creation, but also writes, writes songs and composes music, and attaches importance to folk literature. He is an accomplished writer and a famous scholar. He wrote more than 400 kinds of works in his life, although many of them were scattered, but he still preserved more than 100 kinds, and there are about 2,300 existing poems, which are rich in works and rank first in future generations.

15. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the highest botanical achievement was Ding Chou's top scholar Wu (jùn, the same as' Jun') in the twentieth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 17). He served as the governor of many provinces all his life and attached great importance to the relationship between adequate food and clothing and people's livelihood. According to what he saw, heard and illustrated, he compiled the documents about plants in ancient books, which became 22 volumes of Textual Research on Plant Names and 38 volumes of Textual Research on Plant Names, which was an important botanical monograph in China in the19th century.

16. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the most famous thinker was Chen Liang, the top scholar in the fourth year of Shaoxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 193). He advocated paying attention to career utility and supplementing the national economy and people's livelihood. He put forward the proposition that "those who benefit the universe don't care about things, and those who use them for daily use don't care about things", and had many debates with Zhu He on the relationship between justice and benefit. His theory is unique and he is the founder of Yongkang School. At the same time, he is a famous writer.

17. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Zhang, the top scholar in Yuan and Nine Years of Tang Dynasty (8 14), loved tea best, which made a contribution to the study of tea ceremony in China. He wrote a volume "Jian Cha Shui Ji" and commented on the advantages and disadvantages of various spring teas. This is another important research work on tea ceremony in China after Lu Yu's Tea Classic.

18. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only diplomatic envoy who has been to eastern European countries is Hong Jun, the top scholar of Chen Wuke in the seventh year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1868). In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), he was sent to Russia, Germany, Holland and Austria for three years. He wrote the Supplement to the Translated Works of Yuan History by using western language materials, which initiated a new era of studying Yuan history by using western language works and materials.

19. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who was recruited by the emperor as Ma Xu was Zheng Hao, the top scholar of Xuke in the second year of Tang Huichang (842). He was the first scholar, and seven years later, that is, three years of middle school (849), he was recommended by Prime Minister Bai Minzhong as a candidate for Ma Xu to Tang Xuanzong, the daughter of Tang Xuanzong.

20. Among the top scholars in past dynasties, the only one who was ordered by the emperor to be executed immediately after the thirty years of Ming Hongwu (1397) was Chen An, the top scholar in Ding Chou's South List (or Spring List). Because all the people who entered the palace were southern scholars, they were dissatisfied with the northern scholars. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, was furious and suspected that it was a private recording. He ordered the examiners and Chen An to be executed.

2 1. The only female champion in the history of China was Fu Shanxiang, the female champion in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom for three years (the third year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, 1853).

22. In the history of China, the first person who took the imperial examination in minority languages won the first place. In the 13th year of Jin Shizong Dading (1 173), the first jurchen scholar in Guisi (also known as a counselor) was a jurchen. He took the imperial examination in Jurchen.

23. The last scholar in the history of China was Liu Chunlin, Chen Jia, a scholar in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904). He won the imperial examination, and the following year, in the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), Empress Dowager Cixi issued a letter to stop the imperial examination, so he became the last scholar in the history of China.

24. The largest number of top scholars in the past dynasties was the Tang Dynasty. In 285 years, from the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu Wude (622) to the fourth year of Aiditian (907), the imperial examination was held almost once a year, and about 270 champions were produced. The number of people who can take the exam in ancient books such as Entrance Examination for Universities and Talking about Hui Nationality is 140.

25. In the history of China, in the second year of Wen Jian in Ming Dynasty, the same region swept the top three in an imperial examination. Hu Guang, Wang Gen and Li Guan from Ji 'an, Jiangxi took the top three places, the second place and the flower exploration. In the second year of Yongle, an even more jaw-dropping miracle of the imperial examination was born: a talented person from Ji 'an, Jiangxi, swept the top seven in the imperial examination!

26. In the history of China, Jiangsu Province produced the largest number of top scholars in the Qing Dynasty. From the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), Lu Gong, the champion of Wujin in Dinghai, to Zhang Jian, the champion of Nantong in Guangxu (1894), there were 49 champions in 247 years.

Note: There should be 43 authentic Jiangsu champions in Qing Dynasty. There are 49 people because Dai Youqi (No.1 scholar in the 30th year of Kangxi), Wang Jingming (No.1 scholar in the 52nd year of Kangxi), Qin Dacheng (No.1 scholar in the 28th year of Qianlong) and Xu Hao (No.1 scholar in the first year of Tongzhi) should belong to Shanghai in a strict sense, when Shanghai belonged to Jiangsu. Wu Xinzhong (Jiaqing 13 champion) and Huang Siyong (Guangxu six-year champion) were originally from Xiuning, Anhui, and their household registration was in Jiangsu. Even if these four people are excluded, 43 people in Jiangsu are still far ahead of the second Zhejiang 19 people (excluding those sent, it should be 18 people).

27. In the history of China, Suzhou House, which produced the largest number of champions in one period, had 24 champions in the Qing Dynasty.

28. In the history of China, Yongfu County (now Yongtai, Fujian) in the Southern Song Dynasty produced the largest number of top scholars in a short period of time. From the second year of Avenue (1 166) to the eighth year of Avenue (1 172), there have been three champions.

29. The dynasty that produced the largest number of brothers' champions in history was the Tang Dynasty, with a total of 19 brothers' champions.

30. The dynasty with the largest number of father-son champions in history was the Northern Song Dynasty, with six father-son champions, including Zhang Quhua (father) and Zhang Deye (son).

3 1. Among the top brothers in the past dynasties, the closest ones are Kong Kunxun (brother), the top scholar of your branch in the 14th year of Tang Xiantong (873), and Kong Mi (brother), the top scholar of Shen Bing branch in the 3rd year of Tang Ganfu (876). The time between the two brothers winning the first prize is only three years.

32. Among the top scholars of fathers and sons in the past dynasties, An Deyu (father), the top scholar in the second year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (969), and An Shouliang (son), the top scholar in Renshenke in the fifth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (972). The time between the father and son champions is only three years.

32. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, Zhang Jian, the top scholar in Wu Jia, began to engage in industrial activities in the 20th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1894) and made great achievements. He was engaged in industrial activities in and the following year (1895), and successively set up dozens of enterprises and a large number of social undertakings, which influenced the whole country and was known as "a great educator and industrialist in China".

33. Among the top martial arts scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who took the exam twice, first explored flowers and then took the exam, was Ma Quan, the top martial arts scholar in Chen Geng in the 25th year of Qing Qianlong (1760). Ma Quanchu was named Ma Quan Wang. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752), he took part in a martial arts Jinshi examination and won three places in palace examination. Later, due to conflicts with colleagues during his tenure, he was removed from office. In order to wash away his shame, he changed his name to Quan, determined to win fame again, and finally won it in palace examination, a martial arts scholar for twenty-five years (1760).

34. Among the top scholars in past dynasties, Su Gui, who ascended the throne in the seventh year of Yonghui (656), and Guo, who ascended the throne in the fourth year of Xianheng (673), were all 18 years old.

35. Yin Shu, the oldest scholar in the Tang Dynasty, didn't become the top scholar until he was over 70 years old. During the Jiaqing period, Wang Yan, a native of Hangzhou, took the pilot exam at the age of 80, but died before entering the palace exam, otherwise he might break the record of Yin Shu.

36. The only time in history that both top scholars came from the same place in the same year happened in the ninth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1076). Xu Duo and Yi Xue of Xinghua Army in Fujian Road (now Putian City) are both top scholars in China. When Song Shenzong learned that all the top scholars in the world were fellow villagers, he couldn't help writing a poem, saying, "One top scholar is the best in the world, and all the heroes in the world."

37. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the highest position today is Chen (a native of Putian, Fujian), the top scholar in Chen Wu in the fourth year of Xianchun (1268), and the sixth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1409). The court appointed Chen as "Minister of Water Affairs"; In the forty-six years of Qing Qianlong (1782), the emperor made Chen the king of Zhenhai and the temple god of Fuzhou.

38. Xu Yin, the first and only scholar who was demoted for his poetry and fu, was born in Putian, the first year of Liang Kaiping (AD 907). Because Liang Taizu pointed out that the sentence "One emperor and five emperors return after death" in his Geometrical Life Fu needed to be rewritten, Xu Yin replied that "I would rather have no official, but the Fu cannot be changed", and Liang Taizu angrily cut his name.

39. The only imperial examination in the past dynasties with four differences in the same subject was in the eighth year of Shaoxing (1 138), and Huang Gongdu, a native of Putian (1109-1156), was the first scholar in palace examination. Chen Junqing (1113-1186) ranked second in Yakui (second place); Linden is seventy-three years old and is a list honour; Gong (1121-kloc-0/178) is eighteen years old, and is the youngest on the list. It is said that the "four differences" family. Also, Huang Gongdu and Chen Junqing, also known as "Queyazhan double standard".

China Top Scholar List in Past Dynasties

Sui dynasty champion list

Zhang Sun Houyang Edited by Fang Wenyan Bohuang

Tang dynasty champion list

Sun Li Congyang attacked Ji Changbo and Zhang Chen satirized Ban Gu Xing Chen as Pei Yi Li Congshi Emperor Kjensmo Xuanqing Liu Meng Zhao Jun Xu You Sun Guian Yang Shaosu Cui Zhan Cui Ye Song Shoujie Yao Zhongyu Yan Di Jia vs. yang hu Lu Geng Wang Lian Wang Chu Niu Xishu Li Cheng Xu Hui Li Gu Yan Lu Chu. Li He, Chen Kuan, Gu Biao are inlaid with Pei, Gui Renshao, Zheng Hejing,,, Gong Sichu, Lu, Chang Wuming, Li Ben, Cui Shu, Yang Yuhongyuan, Zhang Qian Hongjian, Lv Zhi, Zheng Juyuan, Wu Yi, Huang Yin, Ji Bai Min, Wei Chou, Zheng Zhen, Lu Shenyan Biao, Xue Mai and Li Jun. Ang Ju Qing Yang Yang by Cui Yin Shuli and Zhang Zhengguan Li Songyi Arms Lu Zhao Yu Gui cui wei Sun Longguang Zheng Changtu Sun Wei Li Han Zhao Guan Wen Guiyi Yang Zhongchang Xu and Fan Chongkai Wang Zhengqing Liu Dan Yang Yi Xiao Dingze Xue Zhan Jia Lingfeng Meng Shen Liu Gongquan Zheng Yi Li Qun. Pei liwenqi kong ai yang zanyu returns to Wu Shidao Wang zhengzhao Yang Yue bi qiying Li Feng Zheng quanji garden on Chen quanwei Guan dugu Zhang liujing Li Jue Cui yaoyi middle school Li kunwei Zheng hongye GUI renze Cui zhaowei Cui zhaowei moment Yang Zan figure Pei Shuo.

Five Dynasties and Ten Countries Top Scholar List

Chen Cuiwei Cui Wei Guangbiao Car King Wang Guipu Renying Huang Xu Weiguo Wang Wei Park Yuzai Wen Jian Hui Liang Wei Wangke Town Wuqiao Road Huakouxiang Wang Pule Shi Qiuxu Zhang Zhenfei Huang Shang Wang Zhonggu Road Wei Yangsui Deng He

Song dynasty champion list

Yang Quhua Su Jingyang Liu Su Guo Chai Chengwu Zhang Gong Liu Yin An Shou Liang Wang Sizong Lv Mengzheng Hu Dansu Sword Wang Shize Liang Hao Chengsu Chen Yaoguo Sun and Sun Only Sun and Chen Yaozi Wang Zeng Li Di Yao Ye Lianggu Zhang Deyi Zhang Guan Cai Qi Wang Zheng Songyi Xu Duo Wang Yaochen. Wang Zhangyangyi Jia Anfeng Heng Liu Junmin Xu Jiang Xu Li An Shi Ye Zuqi She Zhongxu Shi Yan Huang Shangjue Dan Li Changning Ma Juan Bi Jian Chang Yan He Li Fu Huo Duan Youcai Yi Jia An Zhai Moi Wang He Huan Freeman Shen Li Yi Zhang Jiucheng Wang Yingchen Huang Gongdu Chen Chengzhi Liu Zhang Wang Zuo. Zhao Xiaoxiang, liang wang, can be admired and asked Xiao Dingzhan, Xun, Huang Rongyu, Zou Liang Cong Long, Zeng Cong Long, Fu Xingjian, Mao Zizhi, Zheng Zhifu, Yuan Fu, Wu Qian Liu Wei, Jiang Zhongzhen, Zhen Hui, Longwang Huangpu, Xu Yuanjie, Wu Shu, Zhou Tan, Xu Yanfu, Liu Mengyan, Zhang Yuan Wei Fangfeng Chen Yao Mian, Wen Tianxiang Zhou Zhenyan, Fang Shanjing, Ruan Dengbing, Chen Wenlong, Zhang Zhensun, Wang Longze.

Liao dynasty champion list

Gao Zheng Zheng Yunyong Wang Xizhai Lu Demao Wang Yong Zhang Ji Chen Jian Ding Yang You Xuan Chu Nanxi Underwriting Xiang Xing Li Kefeng Yang Yi Shi Kezhong Liu Eryi Gao Chengyan Shi Jianxian Yu Maozhao Zhang Yonghang Sun Jie Zhang Kegong Zhang Zhongju James Zhang Li Jiong Changyu Zhangyi Zhang Renji Serina Liu Liu Shizhen Feng Lixing Peng Nian Wang Mao Wangtang Zhang Xiaojie Liang Wang. Ding Zhao Zhang Junyu Hub Wenchong Guanzun Hengfu Kang Bingjian Shi Liliu Han Zhenyun Wang Yi Li Baoxin Li Qiubian Guan Dao.

Xixia champion list

Li zunxu

Jin dynasty champion list

Xu Bi Zhao Dong Shi Conglu Wang Chang Zheng Ziyong Meng Zongxian disciple Yi Shan Zhang Xingjian Wang Ze Sun Yongkang Yang Yunyi Zhang Wei Nalan Hulula Li Junmin Li Yan Zhang Ben Li Xianneng Waller Ye Defu Zhu Richard Han Wang Oluya Li Tang Zhao Chengyuan Zheng Shichang Wu Mingfu Zhao Anshi Zhao Anrong Liu Hai Li 'an Zhang Jizu Liu Wenlong Yuan Kan Liu Zhongyuan.

Yuan dynasty champion list

Hu Du Da Yan does not spend Huo Xixian Tai Bu Ji Sun Song Ben Bayi Achachi Li Du Heng Lie Tu Wang and Li Qibai Chen Zuren Zhang Qiyan Zhang Shijian Aruhui Timur Wang Zongzhe Xun Lie Graphic Yun Zhong Xue Chao Wu Niu Jizhi Xun Zheng Wang Zongsi Buy Wei Yuan Li Bao Yang Wei Zhang Dong Hedp.

Top Scholar List in Ming Dynasty (in chronological order)

Wu Bozong Ding Hengtai Zhang Han Ke Zhong Hu Guang Zeng Lin Huan Xiao Shizhong

Ma Qizeng Xing Kuan Fu Zhou Shang Yan Peng Shike Qian Sun Xian Mason Lee Wang Yipeng Jiao Luolun Zhang Sheng Wu Kuan Xie Qianzeng Yan Wang Hua Li Minfei Hong Qianfu Mao Cheng Zhu Xi Zhou Lun Wenxu Kang Hai Gu Dingchen Lu Yi Yang Shentang Gao Shufen Yang Wei Cong Yaowei Gong Yongqing Luo Hongxian Han Zan Qin Chunfang Tang Ruzhen Chen Dai Li Ding Shimei Fan Luo Zhangwan Hua Yuan Luan Sun Jigao Shen Maoxue Zhang Maoxiu Zhu Guozhou Tang Literature Jiao Hong Weng Zhengchun Zhu Zhifan Zhao Bingzhong Zhang Yicheng Yang Shouqin Huang Shijun Han Jing Zhou Yanru Qian Shisheng Zhuang Jichang Wen Zhen Meng Yuhuang Liu Ruozai Chen.

Top scholar list of Daxi regime

Among the western powers, Li Zicheng and Zhang launched a peasant uprising at the end of Ming Dynasty, which overthrew the rule of Ming Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1644), the Ming Dynasty fell. In the same year, Zhang established the "Great Western Country" regime in Chengdu, and owned the Great Western Country. The imperial examinations of western powers set up two subjects: literature and martial arts. Only the literary champion Gong and the martial champion Zhang Dashou are left. Other circumstances are unknown.

Top Scholar List in Qing Dynasty (in chronological order, the figures in brackets are AD years)

(1646) Lu Gong (1647) Liu Zizhuang (1649) Zou (1652) Ma (1652) Shi Dacheng (1655)

Turkey (1655) Sun Chengen (1658) Xu (1659) (16165438) Yan (1664)664.

Cai (1670) Tan Han (1673) Peng Dingqiu (1676) Gui (1679) Cai Shengyuan (1682) Lukentang (1682).

Shen (1688) Dai Youqi (169 1) Hu (1694)( 1697) Wang Yi (1700) Wang (65438+)

Wang Yunjin (1706) Zhao (1709) (1712) (1713) Xu (17/kloc)

Deng Zhongyue (172 1) Yu Zhen (1723) Chen Dehua (1724) Peng Qifeng (1727) Zhou Shu (1730) Chen Chu.

Jin Deying (1736) Yu Minzhong (1737) Zhuang Yougong (1739) Qian Jin (1742) Qian Weicheng (1745) Liang Guozhi (/kloc-0).

Wu Hong (175 1) Qin Dashi (1752) Zhuang Peiyin (1754) Cai Yitai (1757) Bi Yuan (1760).

Wang Jie (176 1) Qin Dacheng (1763) Zhang Shuxun (1766) Chen Chuzhe (1769) Huang Xuan (177/kloc-0).

Jin Bang (1772) Wu Xiling (1775) Dai Quheng (1778) Wang Ruyang (1780) Bai Qian (178 1).

Rubang (1784) Stone (1787) Hu Changling (1789) Stone (1790) Pan (1793).

Wang Yixian (1795) Zhao (1796) Yao Wentian (1799) (1801) Wu (1802).

(1805)( 1808) Hongying (1809) Jiang (181) Long (1865438).

Wu (18 17) Chen Ling (1819) (1820) Dai Lanfen (1822) Lin Zhaotang (1823).

Zhu Changyi (1826) Wu (1829) Wang (1832) Wang (1833) Wang (1835).

Lin Hongnian (1836) Niu Fubao (1838) Chenglin Li (1840) Long Qirui (184 1) Sun Yutang (1844).

Xiao Jinzhong (1845) Zhang (1847) Lu zengxiang (1850)( 1852) Sun (1853).

Weng Tonghe (1856)( 1859) Zhong (1860) Wei Xu (1862) Weng Zengyuan (1863).

Chongqi (1865) Jun Hong (1868) Liang (187 1) Lu Runxiang (1874) Cao Hongxun (1876).

Wang Renkan (1877) Huang Siyong (1880) Chen Mian (1883) Zhao Yijiong (1886) Zhang Jianxun (1889).

(1890) Liu Fuyao (1892) Zhang Jian (1894) Luo (1895) Xia Tonghe (1898).

Shoupeng Wang (1903) Liu Chunlin (1904)

Taiping heavenly kingdom champion list

Fu Wu Rongkuan Liu Shijie Qiao Yechunyuan Liu Shengpei Fan Puyuan Shen Lvyuan Wu Zhenkun Lu Peiying Shouzhang Xu

In ancient times, it was not easy to win the first prize. It must go through five stages: boy students, college exams, rural exams, general exams and court exams. Palace examinations are usually presided over by ministers appointed by the emperor. The first place is the champion, the second place is the second place, and the third place is the flower exploration; Those who passed were all Jinshi. Once the top students in high school, wearing red clothes, beating gongs and drums and beating gold, riding a horse to swim the streets, can be described as smoking shit-rushing forward and rushing back, which is very impressive. In the old days, there was a couplet that vividly described the situation before and after the champion:

In the famine of the old year, rice was helpless. You can't take credit, you can't borrow money, and many relatives at home and abroad don't give you gifts in time.

Fortunately, Lu Yi is expected. Won the champion of the five classics, and also raised his surname and name. No matter how Zhang Hesi celebrates with Menqing, they all come to add to the icing on the cake.

What's more, the champion was recruited by the emperor as a Xu, worth a hundred times, and many of them were filial to their ancestors and enjoyed prosperity. Much more imposing than the current "style", "wrist" and "star"!

Most of the top candidates in the Jianchao exam are "eight-part essays". According to historical records, there were 503 champions in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. If you add 48 champions from Liao, Jin, Zhang, Shunting and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, there will be 55/kloc-0 champions in China (excluding martial arts champions and female champions). According to historical records, the first scholar in the history of China was Sun, the champion of Renwu in the fifth year of Tang Wude (622); The last champion was Liu Chunlin, the champion of Chen Jia Branch in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904). The youngest junior champions are Su Gui, who won the first prize in Yonghui in seven years, and Guo, who won the first prize in Xianheng in four years. Both of them are under eighteen. Yin Shu, the oldest scholar in the Tang Dynasty, took dozens of exams in his life. I didn't recommend myself to be a champion until I was in my seventies, but I gave up my long-cherished wish of being the first!

Second, the female champion

There was a female emperor Wu Zetian in the history of China, but there were few female champions. There are quite a few legendary female champions: during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Chen Ruisheng, a female writer, wrote a novel called Rebirth. In the story, Meng Lijun, the heroine, disguised as a man, was admitted to the champion, then became prime minister, and finally met and married her lost fiance, Huangfu Hua Meng; The female champion in the four-tone ape play in the Ming Dynasty described the story of a girl named Huang Chuntao who disguised as a man and won the top prize in the exam ... Of course, these "Mulan" female champions are all characters shaped in literary works; Huang Chongjia, a native of Gulinqiong (now Qionglai City, Sichuan Province), was the first person in history to be called the "top female scholar", which spread widely.

According to Bian Shi in Yuxi and Annals of the Ten Kingdoms in the Spring and Autumn Period, a female poet named Shu appeared in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. She lost her parents in childhood, but she is very talented. In order to go out conveniently, she disguised herself as a man from childhood, studied hard, studied hard, played the piano, played chess, wrote poems and painted. In the first year of Tang Xizong Jiang Wende (AD 888), Wang Jianling captured Lin Qiong, then entered the city and stayed there for several weeks. On one occasion, Huang Chongjia burned a "well fire" (that is, natural gas) for evening self-study, accidentally caught fire, destroyed the house and was sent to the county prison. In order to get rid of the disaster, she presented a poem praising Zhou Yao: "I said that I live in seclusion in Lin Qiong, and I am looser and more loyal than me." Something as clear as a water mirror tripped him up in a wild crane in a deep cage. "

When Zhou Yao saw the praise of her "clean as water" in the poem, he loved her talent and pitied her youth, so he released her and left her in the mansion. Later, he transferred her to Chengdu as a manager in the tent of meeting to join the army. No one in the room knows that she is a weak woman. After Zhou Yao offered to accept her as a son-in-law, Huang Chongjia declined politely, but wrote a poem "Farewell to a scholarly wife and daughter". The last four sentences read: "I am upright, upright, upright. If the shogunate is honest, the original day will soon become a person. " After exposing the truth, he resigned and returned to his hometown to live in seclusion. At that time, people admired her talent and called it the "female champion". In the Ming Dynasty, Xu Wei's No.1 Scholar was all based on the story of Huang Chongjia. Up to now, Chongtuo Mountain in Huojing Township, Qionglai City still preserves the "Tomb of Huang Chongjia, the champion of Wang Shu".

Strictly speaking, only Fu Shanxiang, a 20-year-old woman during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, really took part in scientific research and became the "top female scholar" in history. It is recorded in the Examination of Clearing Banknotes that a topic in scientific research is taken from the Analects of Confucius, "Only women are difficult to raise". Contrary to public opinion, Fu Shanxiang's theory of "striving for' difficult support' and drawing on the help of virtuous women since ancient times" attacked feudal male chauvinism and Confucius' wrong view of discriminating against women. Under the circumstances at that time, Fu Shanxiang dared to oppose the fallacy of "men are superior to women" and refute the conclusion of Confucius, an eternal saint. Her spirit and courage were greatly appreciated by Hong Xiuquan, and she was personally selected as the number one scholar. She was crowned with a wreath and a dress, and she swam the streets for three days with the sound of gongs and drums, which was a sensation.

Times are changing, society is progressing, and the imperial examination era has long since ceased to exist. Today's era is the era when top scholars come forth in large numbers. Not to mention "360 lines, each line is the champion", but there are countless college students, graduate students and doctoral students who are similar to the champion in ancient times, and they may be countless!

A town in Longwan District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province

Zhuangyuan Town: governs four neighborhood committees: Fishery Brigade, Zhuangyuan, Longteng and Long Ze; There are 10 village committees in Zhuangyuan Bridge, Hengjie Bridge, Shi Yu Bridge, Shanxi, Xitai, Shitan, Gan 'ao, Saburo Bridge, Daao River and Xiangyangyan.