1, Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (6 18-907) was a unified Central Plains dynasty after the Sui Dynasty, with a total of 2 1 emperor, enjoying the dynasty for 289 years.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world was in harmony. In 6 17, Tang Guogong Li Yuan set out for Jinyang and proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an the following year. Emperor Taizong advocated the rule of chastity after he ascended the throne. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the rule of Yonghui.

In 690, Wu Zetian took the Tang Dynasty in the Zhou Dynasty and made Luoyang its capital, which was called Wu Zhou in history, creating a situation of running the world and laying the foundation for the emergence of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

In 705, after the Dragon Revolution, Tang Zhongzong restored the title of the Tang Dynasty. After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, he created a prosperous new century in which all ethnic groups came to Korea.

At the end of Tianbao, the national population reached about 80 million. After the Anshi Rebellion, the vassal regime became independent, and the eunuchs were authoritarian, which led to the gradual decline of national strength; In the middle and late period, the trend of developing Jingyuan, Huichang and Dazhong was gradually strengthened.

In 878, Huang Chao destroyed the ruling foundation of the Tang Dynasty. In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the throne, the Tang Dynasty perished, and China entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

2. Song Dynasty

Song Dynasty (960- 1279) is a dynasty in the history of China, which is divided into two stages: the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. It lasted 18 emperor and enjoyed the country for 3 19 years. ?

In 960, the generals of the later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, and established Songzhou as the emperor of German Zhao Kuangyin, thus establishing the Song Dynasty. In order to avoid the chaos of the regime and eunuch's authoritarian power in the late Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin adopted the policy of emphasizing literature and restraining military power, strengthened centralization and deprived military commanders of their military power.

After Song Taizong succeeded to the throne, the whole country was unified, and after forming a single-source alliance with Liao, he gradually stepped into the rule of the world. 1 125, the state of Jin invaded the south on a large scale, which led to the shame of Jingkang and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, King of Kang, ascended the throne in Yingtianfu and established the Southern Song Dynasty.

After the Shaoxing peace talks, the Qin Mausoleum-Huaihe River was the boundary with the State of Jin, which was jointly destroyed by Mongolia in 1234, song and yuan war broke out in 1235, Lin 'an was captured by the Yuan Dynasty in 1276, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished after the sea battle at Yashan.

3. Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty established by Mongols (127 1 year-1368) was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of China. The capital metropolis (now Beijing) experienced five emperors and eleven emperors, which lasted for 98 years.

1206, Genghis Khan Temujin unified Mobei, established the Mongolian empire, and began to expand abroad, successively attacking and destroying Western Liao, Xixia, Huala, Eastern Xia, Jin and other countries. After the death of Mongolian Khan, the dispute between Alibaba brothers and Kublai Khan was triggered, which led to the division of Mongolia.

1260, Kublai Khan, established the "great unity" of the Yuan Dynasty. 127 1 year, Kublai Khan changed his title to "Dayuan" in the Book of Changes, and moved the capital to Yanjing the following year, calling it Dadu.

1279 (in the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty), the Yuan Army wiped out the Southern Song Dynasty in the naval battle of Yashan, ending the long-term war situation. After that, the Yuan Dynasty continued to expand abroad.

However, when they went out to sea to conquer Japan and Southeast Asian countries, they suffered repeated defeats, such as the Yuan-Japan War, the Yuan-Vietnam War, the Yuan-Burma War and the Yuan Claw War. There were frequent coups in the mid-Yuan Dynasty, and politics was never on the right track.

In the later period, political corruption, powerful ministers in power, and increasingly serious ethnic and class contradictions led to the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor to establish the Ming Dynasty, and then the Northern Expedition expelled the Yuan court to capture Beijing.

Since then, Yuan Ting retired to Mobei, known as Beiyuan in history. 1402, Chen Yuangui and Li Chi usurped power to establish Tatar, and the Northern Yuan Dynasty perished.

4. Ming dynasty

The Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644) was a unified dynasty established by the Han nationality, which was passed down to sixteen emperors and enjoyed the country for 276 years. ?

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the people were in poverty and the Red Scarf Uprising broke out. Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Guo Zixing team. 1364, Zhu Yuanzhang called the King of Wu and established the Western Wu. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, with the title Daming. Because the royal family surnamed Zhu, also known as Jiandu Yingtianfu; 1420, Judy moved the capital to Shuntianfu, with Yingtianfu as its capital.

In the early Ming Dynasty, after the rule of Hongwu, Yongle and Ren Xuan, the politics was clear and the national strength was strong. In the middle period, the country turned from prosperity to decline, and was later revived by Hongzhi Zhongxing, Jiajing Zhongxing and Wanli Zhongxing. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, due to the party struggle and natural disasters in Lindong, the national strength declined and the peasant uprising broke out.

Li Zicheng invaded Beijing 1644, and Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself. The Ming imperial clan established Nanming in Jiangnan, and then the Qing Dynasty defeated the regimes of Dashun, Daxi, Nanming Hong Guang, Longwu and Shaowu. 1662, Li Yong was killed and Nanming was destroyed. 1683, Taiwan Province province was captured by the Qing army, and Zheng Ming, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, fell.

5. Qing dynasty

The Qing Dynasty (1644- 19 12) was the last unified feudal dynasty in the history of China, with1/kloc-0 emperors and 267 countries. ?

16 16 years, Nuerhachi, the leader of the Jurchen Department of Jianzhou, established the late Jin Dynasty. 1636, Huang taiji changed his country name to Daqing. 1644, when the Ming Dynasty perished, Wu Sangui, the general of the Ming Dynasty stationed in Shanhaiguan, was demoted, and Regent Dourgen led the Qing army into Shanhaiguan.

In the same year, the emperor shunzhi moved to Beijing, and the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty as the national ruler. In the following twenty years, the governments of Dashun, Daxi and Nanming were pacified. Later, the rebellion in San Francisco was pacified, Zheng Taiwan Province Province was unified, and the whole country was gradually controlled.

Kang Yong's three dynasties reached their peak. During this period, all aspects of China society reached the acme under the original institutional framework, with the greatest reform, the strongest national strength, social stability, rapid economic development, rapid population growth and vast territory.

The multi-ethnic country was unified and consolidated. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty unified the ministries of Mongolia, incorporated Xinjiang and Tibet into the territory, and implemented the policy of improving soil and returning to China in the southwest. Finally, the territory of modern China was determined, and the integrity of the country's territorial sovereignty was actively safeguarded.

But feudal autocracy also reached its peak. In the middle and late period, due to political rigidity, cultural autocracy, closed door, ideological imprisonment, scientific and technological stagnation and other factors, it gradually fell behind the West.

After the Opium War, it was invaded by foreign powers and its sovereignty and territory were seriously lost. It also began the exploration of modernization and carried out modernization reforms such as the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898. The Sino-Japanese War and Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China further deepened the national crisis.

In the late Qing Dynasty, China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. 19 1 1 year, the revolution of 1911 broke out and the Qing dynasty collapsed. 19 12 February 12, Beiyang warlord Yuan Shikai forced the last emperor Puyi to abdicate and issued an abdication edict, ending the Qing Dynasty.

Baidu encyclopedia-Chinese historical dynasties