Soldiers: Armistice League meeting hosted by Jin and Chu tyrants in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period. From 595 BC to 594 BC, Chu Zhuangwang led the troops to surround the capital of song dynasty in September, so that the capital of song dynasty "ate, tore down the bones and cooked". Ten years later, Huayuan, the right teacher of the Song Dynasty, used the fact that he was friends with Luan Shu, a strategist of the Jin Dynasty, and Yin Zi, a strategist of the Chu Dynasty, to set up Jin Chu. In 579, Shi Xie, a strategist of Jin Dynasty, made a covenant with the son of Chu State outside the West Gate of Song Dynasty. The Covenant stipulated that Jin Chu did not meet each other, sympathized with the governors and hired envoys from each other. However, neither Jin nor Chu has the sincerity to stop the war. Four years after the conclusion of the Covenant, the two countries fought in Yanling, and the Covenant of soldiers killed in battle was invalid.
Khufu Riding and Shooting: In 307 BC, King Wuling of Zhao (325-299 BC) absorbed the advantages of riding and shooting of northern minorities, carried out the military reform of "Khufu Riding and Shooting", developed cavalry and opened up northern land. Although his riding and shooting aroused the dissatisfaction of the nobles, it made Zhao's military strength strong. King Huiwen of Zhao (298- 266 BC) reorganized his internal affairs after he ascended the throne, so "the people are rich and the government is solid." At that time, Chu and Qi weakened one after another, so Zhao became the only powerful country that could compete with Qin.
Sangong Jiuqing: a senior official of the central government of the Qin Dynasty. Three fairs, namely, Prime Minister, Qiu, and Cure Too much. The prime minister is responsible for assisting the emperor in handling state affairs and is the emperor's assistant. Emperor Qiu Fuzhong was in charge of the national army. Inspectors are in charge of books and chapters and supervise officials. The three public offices are not subordinate to each other and are directly responsible to the emperor. There are nine Qing people, whose names and duties are: Ting Wei, in charge of justice; Governing the internal history of millet, in charge of national finance and taxation; Serve Chang, in charge of the ceremony of the ancestral temple; Point branch, dealing with domestic minority affairs and foreign relations; LangZhongLing, in charge of the emperor's retinue guards; Shaofu, in charge of mountains and seas, land income and government handicrafts, for the needs of the royal family; Wei Wei, in charge of the palace guards; Too servant, in charge of the palace chariots and horses; Zong Zheng was in charge of the emperor's family affairs. The appointment, removal and transfer of three officials and nine ministers are all decided by the emperor, not hereditary.
Divination: a theological system based on yin and yang, five elements and the induction between heaven and man, characterized by preemption. Chèn is a kind of argot or prophecy made by wizards or alchemists, which originated very early and was popular in Qin, Zhao and other countries during the Warring States Period. This superstitious form was used in the peasant uprising at the end of Qin dynasty, such as historical records? The divination of "the person who perished in Qin Dynasty was also Hu Ye" in The Book of Qin Dynasty, and the stories of "Fire and Hu Ming" and "Fish Belly Silk Book" in Chen She Family Biography. After the mid-Western Han Dynasty, alchemists collected and made a lot of predictions and compiled them into books. At the same time, the Confucian classics in the Western Han Dynasty, such as The Biography of the Ram, The Biography of Shangshu, The Book of Changes in Fang Jing and The Spring and Autumn Fan Lu, explain social and political phenomena with their theories of Yin and Yang, five elements and the unity of man and nature, and their preemption is getting stronger and stronger. On the occasion of mourning and peace, the prophetic superstition merged with the Yin-Yang and Five Elements in the Confucian classics of modern literature, and absorbed the long-standing superstitious forms such as astronomy occupation, five elements occupation, miscellaneous occupation, life-giving, and the end of five virtues, forming prophetic theology. On behalf of the Han Dynasty, Wang Mang gave life with the divination in divination. The dominant social thought in the Eastern Han Dynasty was very popular, also known as internal learning. After finishing and deleting by official scholars, it was gradually finalized, and Fu Rui pre-occupied books called divination, such as He Tu, Luo Shu and Analects of Confucius. It is accompanied by Confucian classics, such as Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Yue, Chun Qiu and Xiao Jing. Its content and essence are not much different. After two Confucian classics conferences, Shiquge and Baihuguan, the combination with modern Confucian classics was gradually completed. It is full of absurd and superstitious contents, and also contains some scientific historical materials in astronomy, calendar, geography, agriculture, medicine, music, rhythm and so on. For example, Textual Research on Shangshu Lingyao said: "People don't know that the earth is constantly moving. For example, people are sitting in a big ship, the door is closed, and the ship doesn't know. " Reflected the simple earthquake hypothesis at that time. It is also of great historical value to the study of political life, social conditions, thoughts, religions, arts, customs and habits from the late Western Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period. Because of its inflammatory social and political views, the theory of coexistence of five virtues and mysterious predictions by innuendo, it is often used as the basis for pretending to be resigned when changing dynasties, which intensifies social unrest. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, rulers of past dynasties have been repeatedly banned and destroyed, and most of them have been lost, so it is difficult to get a panoramic view. There are several versions of the predecessors, among which Zhao Zaihan's Seven Wefts is the best. In recent years, the book Rebuilding the Integration of Weft Books compiled by eight Japanese scholars, including Anju Xiangshan and Nakamura Shohachi, is the most complete.
China and Korea: 1. When facing North Korea. 2. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, officials of the Han Dynasty were divided into Chinese and foreign dynasties. China and North Korea are internal. 3. The imperial court; Zhong Chao 4. Refers to court officials. 5. The Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, which were partial to the left of the Yangtze River, were called "China" when they established their capitals in the Central Plains. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Southern Dynasty was also called "China Dynasty". 6. It refers to the Central Plains. 7. Central Plains Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty also refers to China.
Clear discussion: (discuss current politics; Public opinion. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was an atmosphere of judging characters among bureaucrats, which was called Qingyi.
Outside the Party: People in political groups or factions are prohibited from holding official positions and their activities are restricted.
(The curse of the same party fighting against different factions: During the period of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling in the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs were authoritarian, and famous families and other students joined forces to attack the state affairs. In A.D. 166, eunuchs arrested Mars and others. Although they were later released, they were forbidden to be officials for life. At the time of Emperor Ling, the consorts lifted the party ban and wanted to destroy the eunuchs and vent their anger. 169, eunuchs imprisoned and executed Mars and others 100, and successively imprisoned, exiled and executed hundreds of people. Under the hostage of eunuchs, Hou Ling ordered that all the lineal disciples, father and son brothers of "party member" be exempted from official punishment. It is called "the curse of partisan struggle" in history. )
Joo Won?: Joo Won? includes Qishan County and Fufeng County in Shaanxi Province. Ancient fathers built castles, palaces, ancestral temples and houses here, which became the capital of the early Zhou Dynasty. Since then, although the capital has been moved to Feng and Gao, the region is still an important political center.
Zhou Zong: (1). Refers to the Zhou Dynasty. Because Zhou is the suzerain of the vassal state, it is called Zhou. (2) The location of Zhou kings such as Feng, Gao and Luoyi, also known as.
Chengzhou: the eastern capital in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the king capital in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the only city in the eastern capital was Chengzhou (now around Wangcheng Park in Luoyang, Henan Province). After the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it moved eastward and the capital was changed to Zhou, so it was called the King City. In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, King Zhou Jing died, and Wang Zichao competed for a position. In 5 16 BC, Zhou ascended the throne, and moved to the place where the Yin people used to live, that is, the king city, because one party was powerful. In 5 10 BC, the Jin people led the princes to worship Wang Xiucheng. Since then, Chengzhou refers to the city of Zhou Wang's new residence (now East of Baima Temple in Luoyang, Henan Province), which is divided into two parts: Chengzhou and Wang. Kings below King Jing lived in the Zhou Dynasty until the last king of Zhou returned to the city.
Tax-free borrowing: (borrow by words, and govern the commons by human power. Good and evil come from this, and the people who do not pay taxes are self-governing)