First, describe the class.
Question: Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? Or: Can a sentence in the article be described as another sentence? Why?
Answer: No, because this word is vivid and specific (vivid and accurate), it will become+bad effect after being changed. Or: no, because this word has stronger feelings than another word (or this word is more suitable for the personality characteristics of the object than another word).
Ex.: There are dense forests in the mountains, in which springs are hidden. Sometimes, the spring water flashes across a bright lake in the sparse forest, and looking forward, it is no longer available. That half-exposed charming attitude reminds me that my beloved daughter often walks around my knees at home. Every time I reach out, she will run away and raise her smiling face to tease me; When I pretended to be indifferent, she ran quietly close to my waist. What a naughty boy! (Excerpted from Xie Daguang's "Dinghushan Listening to Springs")
Q: "What a naughty child", why not say "What a lovely child"?
Answer: Because "good" is more emotional than "true", "naughty" is more suitable for a daughter's personality characteristics than "cute".
Structure class
Question: Can the order of two or three words be reversed? Why?
Answer: No, because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from the superficial to the deep, from the surface to the inside, from the phenomenon to the essence) (2) words correspond to the above one-to-one; (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and expressive. ...
Example: "Remember: People who want to take advantage often can't take advantage!" The father pointed to the poached egg in the bowl and warned his son ... "Remember, people who want to take advantage may suffer!" The father pointed to the egg and taught his son, "Don't want to take advantage, life won't make him suffer!" " "The father said meaningfully to his son. (from poached eggs)
Q: Can the order of the words "warning", "lesson" and "meaningful" be reversed? Why?
A: No, because these three words are progressive and express the love of the father for his son.
Rhetoric category
Q: What rhetorical method is used in this sentence? What are the advantages of writing like this in expression?
Answer mode: confirming rhetorical devices+the function of rhetoric itself+combining sentence context.
1. Metaphor personification: vividly wrote+object+feature.
2. parallelism: imposing manner, strengthening tone, and doing it in one go; Spread out layer by layer, gradually expand and strengthen the theme; Emphasis+object+feature.
3. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …
4. Ask questions: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics.
5. rhetorical questions: emphasis, emphasis, etc. ;
6. Repetition: Emphasis+Emphasis
For example, this legend about bosom friends more than two thousand years ago has been deeply cherished in the hearts of countless Chinese descendants, and sometimes it makes a subtle sound, which makes people chew happily; Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly. Enthusiasm and longing are full of lofty friendship, what a pure and sacred sentiment. (Excerpted from the national volume "Talking about Friends" in 2002)
Q: How do you understand the sentence "Sometimes it makes a subtle sound and chews the aftertaste pleasantly"? Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly?
A: Rhetorical devices such as metaphor and analogy are used here to vividly express the aesthetic feeling and stimulating effect brought by The Legend of Companion.
Second, the question about the layout:
Question: What is the function of a sentence (paragraph) in the text?
Answer mode:
1. Preface: opening point; Take care of the topic; The full text of the general manager; Render the atmosphere and pave the way; Set suspense as the auxiliary bedding behind.
2. Text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; Echoing the previous article.
3. At the end of the article: point out the center; Sublimate feelings and deepen the theme; Take care of the beginning and have a rigorous structure; Make the finishing point; The lines are full of meaning.
I'm afraid of my father. He really hit me. Looking at him with wide eyes, he approached step by step, but did not dare to hide. He tensed his muscles and waited, so he patted him and his head buzzed ... (from Han Yu's Fear between Father and Son)
Q: Please analyze the role of the first natural paragraph (above) in the work.
Answer: (1) as a foil to write my father's love for "I" below; (2) To pave the way for writing father's fear of "I" at the end of the article; (3) Take care of the topic of "fear between father and son".
Third, the question about expression:
art
Question: What are the benefits, effects and functions of writing this article?
Answer mode: method+content+effect (or function)
For example, the trend of generations of China people traveling to the sea has its own distinct background, color and connotation, which cannot be generalized, but it is a silhouette of the ups and downs of the times and the splashing of waves in the mighty progress of history. The cohesion of national centripetal force does not depend on geographical distance. Our first generation of overseas Chinese put up with hardships and sent them abroad to have children, but they have been looking forward to China for generations and will never forget the feelings of Sangzi. They all gave generously when the motherland needed it. Hong Kong Island, from ordinary residents to owners, gentlemen, gentlemen and celebrities of Hanyuan, enthusiastically donated money to the mainland, sharing weal and woe and showing solidarity and friendship. This is a touching example.
Q: The fourth paragraph of this article (that is, the above) describes the trend of generations of descendants of the Yellow Emperor traveling far and wide, praising them for their love for Mori Zi and their generosity, which is closely related to the motherland. Please combine the complex and analyze the function and benefits of this writing.
A: Raising the local complex to the height of national cohesion has enriched and deepened the meaning of the local complex. It specifically shows that the local complex will not be diluted because of the long time (history) and the barrier of space (geography). It not only takes care of the beginning, but also deepens the theme of this article.
Personal courses
Question: What are the advantages of using this person to write? Or: Why change this person?
Answer mode: first person: cordial, natural and true, suitable for psychological description; The second person said: it is convenient for emotional communication, lyrical and anthropomorphic; The third person: it is objective and calm, not limited by time and space, and easy to describe and discuss.
For example, fantasy is fantasy after all, and closure cannot be closed. How many ghosts of princess fan came back with the sound in the moonlight. How many frost bows and arrows shoot sharp arrows and break the throat. Jimen was razed to the ground, Yantai was destroyed, and the sword whistling in the wind overturned the eyes. As a result, people found that the side wall is no longer a barrier, and the purple plug is no longer a spectacle. Become ridiculous, as if being ridiculed by time and space. Under the wind and sand erosion, it aged prematurely.
So I said, you are a symbol of cultural stupidity, the Great Wall! (Excerpted from the National Volume Great Wall in 2000)
Q: In this essay, the author mainly writes about the Great Wall in the second person. What are the advantages of this writing? (2) The third person "it" is used at the end of the sixth paragraph. What is the reason?
Answer: (1) personify the Great Wall: A. It is convenient to talk to the Great Wall and B. It is convenient to express feelings. (2) Because this sentence is based on "it was discovered", it describes the feelings of "people", rather than the author directly expressing his feelings to the Great Wall.
Four, about the main points of inductive content:
Question: Please summarize the main points of a paragraph (or full text).
Answer mode: there are three steps: the first step is to divide the level of this paragraph, the second step is to extract keywords, and the third step is to integrate answers.
My mother likes flowers, and so do I. I live in Shimen Township, and there are two small yards in front and behind, so I plant a lot of miscellaneous plants, and I will also produce many beautiful flowers according to the season. Sometimes sitting in front of the porch, sweet-scented osmanthus exudes a faint fragrance, and I feel like I am quiet and quaint. In the evening of summer, the jasmine will always bloom, and pick two or three flowers in your hand. All the memories of youth will appear in front of my eyes with its fragrance. I think, maybe I don't like flowers, but all the lost time. Behind every flower, there are my cherished memories. (Excerpted from Xi Murong's The World of Flowers)
Q: The reasons why I love flowers in this paragraph can be summarized as three points. Please summarize.
Analysis: among the four sentences, it is obvious that the first two sentences are each a layer, and the last two sentences are a layer. Then the key words such as "mother's love for flowers", "quiet and quaint" and "cherish memory" are extracted from each layer, and finally the answers are integrated.
A: (1) influenced by my mother's love of flowers. (2) Flowers make me quiet and quaint. (3) There are my cherished memories in the flowers.
5. Questions about appreciating people:
Question: Please briefly analyze the image of the hero in the article.
Answer: Answer according to the total score (total score). First, make a qualitative analysis of the whole character in one sentence, and then make a quantitative analysis from several aspects; You can also make quantitative analysis from several aspects first, and then make a qualitative summary in one sentence.
Example: The hostess soon discovered my unusual behavior, and she smelled the lampblack in the room. Immediately questioned. I was standing in the kitchen, listening to the intoxicated cries of the three brothers. I can accurately distinguish the nuances in their voices. If one of them doesn't scream, I'll concentrate. The hostess said, idiot, you don't need a range hood. Are you out of your mind? When I first worked for her, she called me "literary youth" in four words. These four words were uttered by her in authentic Beijing dialect, which was extremely vicious. Three months after I was hired, she called me an idiot. She said she didn't fire me because I didn't scare her like others did.
I motioned for her to keep her voice down and told her that there was a nest of sparrows in the chimney. They are my brothers. The hostess gave me a look from top to bottom (as if I were a monster), leaned forward and walked out of the kitchen. At the door, she squeezed out two words from her teeth-farmer. I like this name. Although equally vicious, I am really a farmer to the core. I don't think it is shameful to be a farmer. (Excerpted from Ernst & Young's Brothers in the Chimney)
Q: What kind of character is the "mistress" in the article? Please summarize it in one sentence and give examples.
A: This is the image of a city resident who despises migrant workers. For example, the word "farmer" is squeezed out through his teeth. (Or call me "literary youth" or "idiot" in an extremely vicious tone)
Explanatory reading
First, the interpretation method
1. Example: Specific image 2. Metaphor: vivid image 3. Contrast: Highlight 4. Classification: clear organization 5. Number: specific and accurate 6. Definition: scientific and accurate 7. Quote: more specific.
Two. descriptive language
1 accuracy 2 is plain and vivid
Narrative reading
A. Rhetorical methods
1. Metaphor: vivid 2. Personification: vivid image 3. Exaggeration: highlight the characteristics 4. Parallelism: emphasis 5. Rhetorical question: clear attitude and strong tone.
Two. formula
1. Narration 2. Argument 3. Lyrics 4. Description 5. describe
Novel reading
Environment description: 1. Render the atmosphere 2. Arouse emotion 3. Express task characteristics or themes 4. Promote the development of the plot.
Argumentative reading
Demonstration method
1 Example demonstration: concrete and powerful 2. Reason argument: authority 3. Metaphorical argument: vivid image 4. Comparative argument: comprehensive and profound.
The function of the sentence is: (1) leading to the full text at the beginning (2) connecting the preceding with the following (3) leading to the following (4) leading to the outline at the end.
2. Expression is a broad sense, that is, the special sentence organization used by the author in writing words and expressing thoughts and feelings. When analyzing a work, we can grasp its special performance from point to surface.
For example, expression techniques (holding objects, expressing ambition, writing scenes, lyrical narration, direct lyricism, flashback, antithesis, setting off the symbol of chess piece Zhang Xianzhi, using allusions, imagination, association, caring for feelings, setting off scenery, setting off objects, rendering reality and reality, combining positive description with direct lyricism and indirect lyricism, etc.);
Different expressions
The expressive techniques of lyric prose are rich and colorful, such as borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express emotion, combining cadence with symbolism and so on.
Narrative writing skills such as beginning and end coordination, finishing touch, clever use of rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, positive and negative comparison, etc.
Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, and analogical reasoning.
Novel description, comparison, bedding and reference, suspense and interpretation, real writing and imaginary writing.
Third, the meaning of the sentence is to put this sentence in context.
Note: No matter what the reading question is, you should answer it in the way of "never leaving the mouth, never leaving the chapter". The answer must be {sentences in the article}, because the answer is in the article, so you can't keep up with what the author said. ]
"""""Sipin
1. Question types: single type and combined type.
2. Problem solving methods: exclusion method and optimization method.
Precautions ① Speak like a book, and carefully scrutinize whether the correct views are consistent with the materials.
(2) Non-multiple choice questions
1, the question is set around four aspects:
① What is it: what it is, its meaning, its content, its explanation and its embodiment.
② Why: reason, significance, function and influence.
(3) How to do it: how to do it, suggestions, advertising slogans.
The difference between what we should do and what we teenagers should do.
We mean in a broad sense: the state, society (family), schools and teenagers themselves.
Our teenagers refer to Shaanxi, including only teenagers.
(4) Practical exploration and expansion:
Organize and design theme class meetings, social surveys, speeches, blackboard newspaper publicity and other activities.
2, the solution to the problem:
(1) Carefully examine the questions and master the examination methods.
There are two common mistakes in examining questions: first, after getting the test paper, I am eager to answer the questions in order to catch up with the time, and I am not careful in examining the questions, with incomplete answers and many omissions; Second, the question is wrong and the answer is irrelevant.
Matters needing attention in Sipin inspection:
① Read the material carefully, grasp the key words, refine its theme accurately, and determine the question range and answer direction in combination with the questions.
For written materials, it is necessary to summarize the central meaning and implied views of the materials. For tables, you should read all the titles, data, additional tips, etc. Clear, and understand the true meaning of the table (several layers of meaning and implied views)
(2) Recall what books in the textbook are related to this knowledge and viewpoint, and organically combine the central meaning in the material with the knowledge points in the textbook.
(2) answering skills
① Answer the questions according to the number and level of questions and scores.
matters need attention
First, there are two questions or more than two levels to be answered at the corresponding points, which are marked with numerical serial numbers and keywords.
The second is to answer from multiple angles and levels, find out relevant knowledge from the teaching materials as the basis, and summarize the views of all relevant teaching materials. A hierarchical view should not be rigidly divided into 2-3 answers.
The third is the unity of ideas and materials, and the combination of things. According to the requirements of the topic, combine the viewpoints of the textbook and the test materials to answer.
The fourth is to determine the main points of the answer according to the score, and don't miss it.
(2) Answer at different levels should be developed appropriately, so that you can't dive.
(3) Write in a standard way, write neatly, do not scribble, use standard political language to answer questions, use less literary language, and do not use spoken language. That is, the answer language should return to the textbook to avoid the phenomenon of nonstandard language and inaccurate expression.
(3) "Tricks" without tricks.
In the unfavorable situation that the examination is not particularly clear and the answer organization is difficult to grasp, when determining the direction or scope of the answer, write down all the points you remember as the answer.
For example, if the material involves natural environmental problems, you really don't know which viewpoints to choose to organize the answer. You can write down all the viewpoints you remember about "natural environmental problems" as the answer.
If you use the intolerant method of casting a net all over the sky, you will sometimes get unexpected results. To say the least, even if you don't collect it, it's better to plant it extensively and harvest it thinly than not to plant it at all.
"""""History
(1) multiple choice questions
1. Question types: single type and combined type.
2. Problem solving methods: exclusion method and optimization method.
Matters needing attention
(1) speak like a book, carefully scrutinize.
(2) the point of view is correct, the material is consistent.
(2) Non-multiple choice questions
1, the question is set around three aspects:
(1) What is it (such as what, meaning, content)?
② Why (cause, significance, function and influence)
③ Broaden (what enlightenment, similarities and differences, evaluation of historical events)
2, the solution to the problem:
(1) Carefully examine the questions and master the examination methods.
There are two common mistakes in examining questions: first, after getting the test paper, I am eager to answer the questions in order to catch up with the time, and I am not careful in examining the questions, with incomplete answers and many omissions; Second, the question is wrong and the answer is irrelevant.
Matters needing attention in history examination:
① Determine the year (conversion of time:18th century =1=17), including the early stage (00-39), the middle stage (40-69), the late stage (70-99) and the year (00).
(2) determine the region (intercontinental, country)
(3) Grasp the key words, refine the theme accurately, and determine the question range and answer direction (what kind of questions) in combination with the questions.
For written materials, it is necessary to summarize the central meaning and implied views of the materials. For comics, you should read all the titles, pictures, details, additional tips and so on. , clear the direction of the topic, understand the true meaning of comics (several layers of meaning and implied views)
④ Returning to the textbook (the textbook involves content and knowledge points): organically combine the central meaning in the material with the knowledge points in the textbook, that is, refract the knowledge points in the textbook through the material.
⑤ Pay attention to the score given for each question.
(2) answering skills
① Answer the questions according to the number and level of questions and scores.
matters need attention
First, there are two questions or more than two levels to be answered at the corresponding points, which are marked with numerical serial numbers and keywords.
The second is to find out the relevant knowledge from the teaching materials as the basis and refine the views. A level of opinion should not be rigidly divided into 2-3 answers.
The third is to determine the main points of the answer according to the score, and don't miss it.
(2) The writing should be standardized, the handwriting should be neat, no graffiti, no spoken language should be used, and the answer language should return to the textbook to avoid the phenomenon of nonstandard language and inaccurate expression.