May 18 is the International Museum Day. The Louvre in France, the British Museum in Britain, the Metropolitan Museum in the United States, hermitage museum in Russia and the Palace Museum in China are the five largest museums in the world, among which the first four are recognized as museums with worldwide cultural relics.
The Louvre
This world-famous art hall was built at the end of 12. That was the castle of the French royal family at that time. It is used as the national treasury and archives. After a series of expansion and repair, it gradually became a grand palace with Renaissance style. Starting from the16th century, Francois I began to collect various works of art on a large scale, and later emperors continued this tradition. Enriched the collection of the Louvre1793 August 10, the Louvre Art Museum officially opened to the public and became a museum. Today, the museum has a collection of 400,000 works of art, including sculptures, paintings, arts and crafts, ancient orient, ancient Egypt, ancient Greece and ancient Rome. 198 1 year, the French government carried out a large-scale renovation of this exquisite building. Since then, the Louvre has become a professional museum, with a rich and diverse art collection and high taste in the world. Among them, the most important three treasures of the town palace are well known to the world: Venus, Mona Lisa of Leonardo da Vinci and the goddess of victory of Samotra. So far, the Louvre has become a world-famous art hall. There is a transparent pyramid building at the entrance of the Louvre, and its designer is the famous Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei.
British Museum
British Museum, British Museum, founded in 1823. Her exhibition hall contains treasures that best represent British art and literature, as well as many extremely precious documents and manuscripts, such as the original of the British Magna Carta and the original of Shakespeare's manuscript. There are historical sites in Egypt, West Asia, East Greece, Rome and Britain; There are trophies of British dynasties, such as the little sphinx in Egypt, the Elgin marble taken from the goddess temple in Athens, and so on; In addition, we also collected folk information, artworks and unearthed cultural relics from China, India and other countries with a long history. You can see many China antique calligraphy and paintings in the porcelain showroom. Most of these cultural relics were plundered by Eight-Nation Alliance, the British and French allied forces, when they invaded China. Most of the collections in its Oriental Art Museum are China cultural relics, reaching more than 20,000 pieces, including the red pottery bowl in banpo village more than 6,000 years ago, the jade knife in Yufu in Neolithic Age and the bronzes in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Porcelain, jade, lacquer painting and sculpture from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as the two large stone lions at the back door of the museum, are all works of art in China. There are also a large number of Buddhist paintings plundered by Stan from Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra Cave. The most famous Chinese painting in the collection is the Historical Portrait of a Woman by Gu Kaizhi, a great painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This is a well-known painting, which occupies a high position in the history of China painting. In 1900, when Eight-Nation Alliance occupied Beijing, it was taken away by Britain.
Its library is famous for its rich collection of books, and every book in Britain is kept here. In fact, you can find all the publications in this country here. In addition, there are many precious editions and extremely precious manuscripts of various countries. This library is the best place to study, and Marx's Das Kapital is here to complete the collection of the British Library. There are more than 60,000 kinds of ancient books in China, including the earliest edition of Paramita Classic in China, 45 volumes of Yongle Grand Ceremony, Bamboo Slips of China Palace Archives, Dunhuang and so on.
At present, the British Museum is divided into 10 branches: Ancient Near East Museum, Coin and Commemorative Coin Museum, Egyptian Museum, National Museum, Greek and Roman Museum, Japanese Museum, Medieval and Modern European Museum, Oriental Museum, Prehistoric and Early European Prints and Sketches Museum, and Western Asia Museum.
Metropolitan museum
The Metropolitan Museum of New York is the largest museum in the United States, built in 1870. The whole museum is a building, covering an area of 8 hectares, belonging to 1/9 of the Palace Museum in Beijing. However, the exhibition area is very large, no less than 24 hectares, but it is twice that of the Palace Museum. The Metropolitan Museum claims to be the largest museum in the Western Hemisphere, with more than 200 galleries and more than 3 million pieces of cultural relics and artworks.
In BC 15, the complete Egyptian temple was relocated in the giant glass cover in the hall specially built by the museum, with a total weight of 800 tons. It is said that in order to ensure the original appearance, every brick is labeled, which is amazing. It can be said that the treasure of the town hall is also the best in the world. Over the past four centuries, Suzhou Gardens in China15,000 pieces have been collected from five continents. 198 1 The Xuan Ming, built in September by skilled craftsmen in Suzhou, China, was also replicated in the North Hall on the second floor of the main building of the museum. This may be a typical cultural transplant, which is very attractive to the audience. In order to avoid crowding, a special route is set up to enter the park, and the number of people entering the park is controlled by regular elevators. Besides Xuan Ming, there are various fauteuil chairs for the Eight Immortals dining table. The interior furnishings of Britain, France and Spain 14 to 18 are also arranged according to time and country. Although they are all equally magnificent, French painted roofs, English fireplaces and Spanish-style furniture are all branded with different times and different nationalities. The museum also has a large collection of cultural relics and artworks from China, especially some Buddha statues and murals. Visitors can also enjoy some precious ancient China paintings in the museum, such as the night white picture of traitors in the Tang Dynasty.
Amitash Museum
The Winter Palace is one of the largest and oldest museums in the world. This palace was designed by the famous architect Rastrelli. It was originally the private museum of Queen Catherine II. 1764, Catherine II bought 250 paintings by Rembrandt Rubens and others from Berlin and deposited them in the Hermitage of Elmy in the Winter Palace (French, meaning a hidden palace), hence the name of the museum.
The Winter Palace was built between 1754 and 1762, burned down by fire in 1837, rebuilt between 1838 and 1839, and was destroyed again during World War II. The palace carefully restored after the war has three floors and is about 230 meters long. 18. The Winter Palace is surrounded by a building area of more than 46,000 square meters, each with its own characteristics, but its interior design and decoration style are strictly unified. There is an inner courtyard in the courtyard, with three directions facing the naval headquarters in neva river and Palace Square, and the fourth side connecting the side of Little Hermitage Palace facing the Winter Palace Square. The center is slightly prominent, with three arched iron gates and a colossus of Atlas at the entrance. There are two rows of colonnades around the Winter Palace, which are magnificent. Many halls are decorated with Russian gems, such as malachite, jasper and agate. For example, the malachite hall used 2 tons of malachite, and the parquet floor used 9 weights of precious wood. Amitash is the largest and most distinctive baroque building in St. Petersburg. Its integrity and magnificence are impressive, with rich decoration, window frames and relief decoration giving people strength, regular arrangement of columns, and white and green matching on the wall, which makes the dragon's appearance changeable. Lived up 2 months ago 19 17, the winter palace was always the palace of the tsar, and was later occupied by the bourgeois provisional government. 1October 7+09 1 17 (Russian calendar 10-25) After the uprising people captured the Winter Palace, after the October Revolution, 1922, the Tashi Museum in Elmy was formally established, and the Winter Palace became a part of the museum. 1946, the surface of the Winter Palace was painted sapphire. The museum now includes five buildings: the Winter Palace, the old Amitash Theatre and the new Amitash Theatre. The museum is divided into eight parts: the former Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Ancient Greece and Rome, the Ministry of Oriental Ethnic Culture, the Ministry of Russian Cultural History, the Ministry of Ancient Coins, the Ministry of Western European Art, the Ministry of Science and Education and the Ministry of Works Restoration. Eight departments have collected more than 2.7 million pieces, including prehistoric culture and Egyptian art collections, as well as a large number of oil paintings and sculptures from Italy, Spain, Britain, Russia, Belgium, the Netherlands and France, including 1.5 million pieces. /kloc-0.2 million sculptures, 600,000 line drawings, 654,380+00,000 coins and badges, 224,000 pieces of ancient furniture, porcelain, gold and silver products, precious stones and ivory handicrafts are displayed in more than 350 exhibition halls, such as Picasso's cubist painting exhibition hall, Italian-French painter exhibition hall, Russian clothing exhibition hall, etc., each with its own characteristics, and the most striking one is Peter the Great. A large number of objects used by Peter the Great are displayed here, many of which were made by him. There is a wax figure of Peter the Great in the glass cabinet of the exhibition hall. There is a wooden pole next to the portrait of Peter the Great with his real hair on it. There is a line engraved on the top of the wooden pole which is more than two meters high, indicating that Peter the Great is more than two meters high, just like the Forbidden City in China. The collection is extremely rich. If tourists want to visit all the exhibition halls, one month may not be enough.
Imperial Palace
The Palace Museum is a comprehensive museum in China, 1987, which was established on the basis of the imperial palaces and their collections in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Forbidden City is listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO.
According to China's ancient astrology theory, Ziweiyuan (i.e. Polaris) is located in the center of the sky, where the Emperor of Heaven lives, and heaven corresponds to man. It is based on the residence of the emperor, also known as the Forbidden City. After the third emperor of Ming Dynasty seized the throne, Judy decided to move the capital to Beijing and began to build the palace, which was completed from 1420 to 19 165438 in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. 1924, Emperor Pu Yi of Xun was expelled from the Forbidden City. During the 500 years before and after this, 24 emperors lived here and ruled the whole country.
The Forbidden City is surrounded by a wall with a height of 10m and a moat with a width of 52m. The city is 96 1m long from north to south, 753m long from east to west, and covers an area of 780,000. There is a city gate on each side of the city wall. The layout of the palace buildings in the city spreads red walls and yellow tiles to the east and west along the central axis, and the halls and terraces are magnificent, and the south of the city is magnificent. There are two halls on both sides, the Wenhua Hall and the Wuying Hall, which are the places where the emperor held the court meeting. It is called the first half facing north, centering on Gan Qing Jiaotai Kunning Palace, East-West Palace and Imperial Garden. It is the place where the emperor and his concubines lived, held sacrifices and religious activities, and handled daily affairs. The total area of the two parts of the palace, called the bedroom, is 163000. The layout of the whole palace building is rigorous and orderly, and every brick and tile follows the feudal hierarchy. Embodying the supreme authority of the emperor 1925 10 10 The Palace Museum was formally established. According to the 28-volume inventory report published by 1925, there are more than 70,000 pieces of cultural relics left over by the Qing court, which can be described as jade, treasure and human wealth.
On the eve of the full-scale outbreak of World War II, in order to protect the cultural relics in the Palace Museum from war damage or Japanese imperialist plunder, the Palace Museum decided to adopt the policy of moving cultural relics south to avoid the enemy. 1933 From February to May, important cultural relics in the palace were packed into13,427 boxes and 64 bags, which were delivered to Shanghai in five batches and then transported to Nanjing to establish a cultural relics warehouse. The Nanjing branch of the Palace Museum was established in 1937. The cultural relics were moved to Sichuan in three ways and stored in Emei and Leshan, Baxian County, Sichuan Province. After the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, three cultural relics were concentrated in Chongqing and transported back to Nanjing on 1947. From the end of 1948 to the beginning of 1949, the Nanjing Kuomintang government took them from the Nanjing warehouse. Later, a new museum was established in Shuangxi, outside Shilin, Taipei, and a large number of remaining cultural relics were publicly exhibited. After 1949, 10000 boxes were transported back to the Palace Museum, but 222 1 box was still sealed in Nanjing warehouse. In the past ten years, the Palace Museum has received an average of 6-8 million Chinese and foreign tourists every year. In addition, with the development of tourism, the number of tourists has increased.