There is an interesting legend. According to legend, wine was invented and manufactured by Du Kang, so how did he make wine? Why did he name this drink wine?

The story goes like this:

One day, Du Kang wanted to develop a drink, but he couldn't figure out how to make it. He had a strange dream when he slept at night. He dreamed that an old man with handsome hair came to him and said to him, "You take water as the source and grain as the material, and then on the ninth day when the grain is soaked in water, find three people, each of whom takes a drop of blood and adds it." Then the old man disappeared.

Du Kang woke up and did as the old man said. On the ninth day (5-7 o'clock), he went to the roadside to find three people. Soon came a scholar, gentle, modest and polite, and Du Kang hurried forward to explain his purpose. Unexpectedly, the scholar readily promised to cut his finger and drop a drop of blood in the bucket; After the scholar left, another group of people came, led by a mighty and heroic general. Du Kang came forward to explain his purpose. The general also threw off his arms and sleeves to hold Du Kang, cut his finger and dropped a drop of blood in the bucket. It's almost seven o'clock at this moment (in modern words, it's almost seven o'clock), but Du Kang hasn't found a third person yet. He's a little worried. On second thought, as long as he is human, he can't do it. So he found a silly beggar in the village without friends, held him down, and pricked his finger with a drop of blood in the bucket. The miserable beggar shouted for a while and fainted for a while. With these three drops of blood, Du Kang finally got through it, but he was worried again. What's his name? He thought, there are three people's blood in this drink, and it is still dripping from time to time. Let's write "wine". How to pronounce? This is done on the ninth day, so I read wine in homophonic (9). This is a legend about the origin of wine.

The historical origin of wine

First, the history of wine-Providence

According to relevant data, the earliest wine on earth should be naturally fermented by wild fruits. Therefore, we can think that the emergence of wine is not an invention of human beings, but a creation of nature. Generally speaking, with wine, you can have wine vessels. Therefore, the premise of artificial brewing should start with the manufacture of pottery, otherwise it can't be brewed.

Archaeology has proved that special wine vessels have appeared in Neolithic pottery products unearthed in modern times. This shows that our ancestors had a relationship with wine very early, and at that time, China's wine-making technology had begun to prevail. After Xia and Shang Dynasties, there were more and more drinking utensils. In Yangshao cultural site, there are both pottery pots and pottery cups. Among the unearthed Shang and Yin cultural relics, bronze wine vessels occupy a considerable proportion, indicating that the drinking atmosphere at that time was really prosperous.

Besides, we can learn from historical records? According to the records in Yin Benji about Zhou Wang's "taking wine as a pool, hanging meat as a forest" and "drinking all night", and the poems in The Book of Songs about "getting rice in October, making spring wine for this" and "making spring wine for this, making eyebrows for longevity", artificial brewing began about 6,000 years ago.

The first wine should be fruit wine and rice wine. Since the summer, in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Qin and Han Dynasties and even the Tang and Song Dynasties, fruits and grains were cooked, fermented and squeezed before making wine. Whether Wu Ji pressed wine to persuade customers to taste it or Song Wu drank Jingyanggang in a big bowl, they all drank fruit wine or rice wine. With the further development of mankind, wine-making technology has been further improved, from the initial cooking, koji fermentation and pressing to cooking, koji fermentation and pressing.

For thousands of years, during the historical changes, China's wine-making industry has branched out, thus brewing a variety of famous wines with local characteristics and better reflecting local customs. The wine ceremony customs of different regions and nationalities have all built a profound and ancient country of famous wines.

The person in charge of brewing can be called "Jiuzheng", "Jiuren", "Ren", "Pulp Man" and "Mi Lat".

The oldest physical wine in the world is the wine unearthed in Zamaria, Iran, which is still mellow more than 3,000 years ago. The oldest physical wine in China is the imperial wine of Han Dynasty unearthed in Xi 'an. According to experts' research, it is grain wine (also certified as yellow rice wine by experts). As a yellow rice wine worker, I am very excited and lucky! ) It's delicious, delicious, amazing!

Second, another name for wine-deductive allusions

China has a long history and a wide variety of winemaking, which has been welcomed by our ancestors since its birth. When people drink and praise wine, they always give wine an interesting nickname or alias. Most of these names come from some allusions, or depend on the taste, color, function, function, shade and brewing method of wine. Many nicknames of wine are widely circulated among the people, so literature is often used as a synonym for wine in poetry and novels. This is also a feature of Chinese wine custom culture. Du Kang, Huanbo, things in the cup, Jinbo, Qiang, Bai, frozen mash, kettle, things in the kettle, discretion, glutinous rice, glutinous rice, yellow seal, clear flavor, old wine and light green wine.

Du Kang: Du Kang was the founder of ancient kaoliang liquor, and later generations named it Du Kang. "Only Du Kang" comes from Cao Cao's "Short Songs": How to solve worries, only Du Kang.

Magic wave: wine is called magic wave because it can relieve anxiety and bring happiness to people. This nickname first appeared in Lin Yi by Jiao Yanshou in Han Dynasty. In exchange for candy, he said, "wine is a kind of happiness, and sadness is a kind of happiness."

What's in the cup: it's named because it's mostly in a cup when drinking. Kong Rong's famous saying, "A full house is filled, and the wine in the bottle (cup) is not empty". Tao Qian wrote in the poem "Complaining Son", "What a lucky day, it's all in the cup".

Jinbo: It is named after the color of wine is like gold and it floats like waves in the cup. Zhang is in "Pu Tianle? "Boating on Daming Lake" wrote: "The cup is full of gold. "

Chang: This is an ancient wine brewed with black millet and vanilla, which is used for offering sacrifices to gods. According to the Book of Songs. Daya？ Jianghan records "? (jù) ? (yǒu)"

Bai Duo: This is the name of a good brewer. Su Zhe wrote in the poem "Two Rhymes of Snow", "Give bamboo diligently and persuade yourself to drink white."

Frozen wort (láo): Spring wine. This is a kind of wine brewed in cold winter for drinking in spring. "According to the poem? 2. (bρ n) wind? "July" records that "rice is harvested in October, so spring wine is used to celebrate longevity."

Pot cup: originally a vessel for holding wine, it later became synonymous with wine. Tao Qian wrote in "Going Home" that "the pot cup is for your own use, and the court coke."

Contents in the pot: named after most of the wine is in the pot. Zhang Hu wrote in the poem Shangrao Pavilion: "Only the things in the pot are poured when you are worried", which is another name for fine wine.

Action: originally meant to pour wine, and later extended to the name of wine; Such as "drinking" and "drinking". Li Bai wrote in Drinking the Bright Moon Alone: "Since from a pot of wine among the flowers, I have been drinking alone. No one is with me. "

Me: According to "Poetry? Shang song? "Ancestors" records "not only clear, but also successful." Biography: Yi

Third, the foundation of wine culture-wine ceremony

Historically, Confucianism was regarded as the orthodox view of governing the country and keeping the country safe, and the custom of wine was also influenced by the Confucian view of wine culture. Confucianism pays attention to the word "wine virtue".

The word "wine virtue" was first found in Shangshu and Shijing, which means that drinkers should have virtue, instead of "subverting Jue virtue and being poor in wine" like Wang. The patent of wine embodies the Confucian wine morality, that is, "drinking is only for sacrifice" (drinking is allowed during sacrifice); "No Yi wine" (drink from time to time, drink less at ordinary times to save food, and only drink when you are sick); "drinking in groups" (people are forbidden to drink in groups); "No indulgence" (no drinking). Confucianism is not opposed to drinking, and it is a virtue to worship the gods and provide for the elderly.

China ancient drinking etiquette;

When the host and guests drink together, they should bow to each other. When the younger generation drinks in front of their elders, they usually bow first and then sit in the second seat. The elders ordered the younger generation to drink, and the younger generation could raise a glass; The elder hasn't finished the wine in the cup, so the younger generation can't drink it first.

There are about four steps in ancient drinking etiquette: worship, sacrifice, vomiting and death. Is to make a gesture of worship to show respect, and then pour a little wine on the ground to thank the earth for its richness; Then taste wine and praise it to make the host happy; Finally, I raised my glass and drank it.

At the banquet, the host will propose a toast to the guests (called reward), and the guests will reciprocate to the host (called Qiang), and there will be several toasts when making a toast. Guests can also toast each other (called travel rewards). Sometimes you have to toast people in turn (order wine). When toasting, both the toaster and the toasted should "avoid the table" and stand up. The usual toast is three cups.

Among the 56 ethnic groups in the big family of the Chinese nation, except the Hui people who believe in Islam, all other ethnic groups drink alcohol. The custom of drinking has its own unique style.