In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, in order to consolidate centralization and defend the frontier, the system of officers and men was implemented. Government soldiers are generally recruited from the families of "Gao Ruoduo Ding" and given land regularly to defend the capital or the frontier. Set up a unified garrison in the mainland or border towns. Later, due to the development of private ownership of land, farmers lost their land and fled, and the source of troops appeared problems; In addition, due to frequent battles, government soldiers could not rotate on time and serve for a long time, and their families could not be exempted from conscription, so they fled in large numbers. In this case, the rulers of the Tang dynasty were forced to change to the "recruiting system", and under the command of the border generals, recruited recruiters to stay in the guards and engage in reclamation. The general of the joint army at the border is called "our emissary"
At first, "our envoy" was only in charge of military power, and later, due to the need of unified military operations, he was also in charge of local administration and finance. Our times have expanded our strength infinitely, and we have become a great warlord with "land, people, soldiers and wealth". During the Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty, there were 10 envoys, and everyone held the military, political and financial power of one state or several states, which made the central government more and more uncontrollable.
Aristocratic bureaucrats headed by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty practiced favoritism, did not ask about political affairs, and lived a dissolute life of "spring night was short, so he made it at sunrise, and the emperor gave up listening early". They pushed the foreign affairs of the imperial court to Li Heyang and entrusted the internal affairs to eunuch Gao Lishi. Li is arbitrary and exclusive. Yang searched everywhere and was widely bribed. The corruption of the ruling group created opportunities for the Anshi Rebellion.
An Lushan was also the envoy of Fan Yang (now southwest of Beijing), Hedong (now Taiyuan, Shanxi) and Pinglu (now west of Jinzhou, Liaoning), and a native of Liucheng, Yingzhou (now near Jinzhou, Liaoning). He is cunning and flattering. Because he asked to be Yang Guifei's adopted son, he was favored and trusted by Xuanzong. He is the most powerful warlord. He saw that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was desolate and promiscuous, the defense force in the mainland was weak, and his ambition to "replace" expanded. On the surface, he often went to Chang 'an, the capital, pretending to be extremely respectful to the imperial court, defrauding the favor of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, but secretly accumulating strength in his lair in Hebei. Build a Xiongwucheng in the north of Fanyang City, and recruit soldiers; They also use ethnic contradictions to engage in separatist activities. After about 10 years of preparation, in July, 755, 1 1, An Lushan colluded with the Ministry of Shi Siming and led an army of 15000 to crusade against the Tang Dynasty in the name of Yang. The "An Shi Rebellion" broke out.
At that time, it was a long time in the sea, and the people had not seen the war for many years. Suddenly, they were shocked when they heard that the rebellion had broken out. No one dared to refuse the counties where the rebels passed. Even the foot soldiers boarded the city and fell at the gate in fear when they heard the sound of the enemy's drums. Tang Xuanzong hurriedly ordered Feng Changqing and Gao Xianzhi to recruit street hooligans to stop them. As a result, they were defeated and killed. In the first month of 756, An Lushan called Dayan Emperor in Luoyang.
In June 756, Tongguan fell. Go west to Sichuan with Yang, Yang's brothers and sisters. When I went to Ant Gang (now the west of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province), the sergeant was impatient. If he didn't advance, he would retreat. He killed Yang and Yang Guifei was forced to hang himself.
The Anshi Rebellion, burning, killing and looting, was opposed by ordinary people and some Tang government troops along the way. "Heshuo people suffer from thieves, and as many as 20,000 people go to Tun Street and as few as 10,000 people, each fighting thieves in his own camp." In the Tang Dynasty, local officials and generals such as Yan Daiqing, Zhang Xun and Gui Lu all resisted effectively. Under the resistance of the broad masses of the people and some generals in the Tang Dynasty, the Anshi Rebellion suffered setbacks and internal contradictions were numerous. At this time, the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Hengli, acceded to the throne in Lingwu. This is Tang Suzong. He appointed Guo Ziyi and other generals, assembled various armies in the northwest, and relied on the abundant financial and material resources of Huainan and Jiangnan to borrow soldiers from Uighur and other ethnic minorities to prepare for the war.
In 757, An Lushan was killed by his son An Qingxu. Tang Jun seized the opportunity to recover Chang 'an and Luoyang. Due to the lack of unified command and insufficient food supply, Tang Jun's morale is low. In 759, Shi Siming attacked with 6.5438+0.3 million people, and Tang Jun was defeated. Shi Siming killed An Qingxu after winning in Yecheng (Anyang City, Henan Province), calling himself Emperor Dayan. Then, Luoyang fell. After Shi Chaoyi killed his father Shi Siming.
In 762, Tang Jun recaptured Luoyang again, and Shi Chaoyi was forced to commit suicide while fleeing, and all his generals surrendered. The Anshi Rebellion, which lasted for eight years, finally ended.
The "Anshi Rebellion" was the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. In the war, the people, especially the people in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, suffered unprecedented catastrophe and the northern economy suffered great damage. "Luoyang Baili County is surrounded by mound sites", "You, Zheng and other states are extravagant houses, and people know that paper is clothing", which leads to a tragic scene of thousands of miles of depression and no one. Social class contradictions have deepened. At the same time, the power of the central government weakened in the Tang Dynasty, and more than 40 large and small warlords appeared in various places, forming a situation of independent towns. In the area under our jurisdiction, the central government of the Tang Dynasty could neither appoint or remove officials, nor collect taxes, let alone mobilize troops. Our position, or father-son attack, or will be one after another. Armed to the teeth, they attacked each other, posing a serious threat to the centralization of power in the Tang Dynasty.
The Anshi Rebellion was neither a struggle between different nationalities nor a contest between opposing classes, but a war for power and interests within the feudal ruling class, so the broad masses of the people were disgusted with this war. The Anshi Rebellion Group is a reactionary force to split the separatist regime and the chief culprit in launching the war, which is strongly opposed by the people.