Speaking of Zhuge Liang, everyone will think that an emperor trusted an orphan, saved Meng Huo seven times, and beheaded Ma Su with tears, an original ... For thousands of years, he has been regarded as the embodiment of wisdom. Especially under the rendering of literary works, a mysterious and almost perfect image of a wise man appears in front of everyone. Mr. Lu Xun once commented: "Zhuge Liang's wisdom is close to the devil." "So, is Zhuge Liang really' close to God' as people think?" Cultural China on the documentary channel of Shanghai TV invited Zhu Ziyan, a professor of history at Shanghai University, to interpret a more approachable Zhuge Liang. The mystery of Zhuge Liang's family background: Zhuge Liang's bumpy childhood. The world's understanding of Zhuge Liang's great talents mostly comes from what happened after Liu Bei invited him out of the mountain. So what was Zhuge Liang's growth experience before he came out at the age of 27? Then we should start with his ancestors. Zhuge Liang was born in Yang Du County, Langya County, Xuzhou at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Yang Du is today's yinan county. His ancestor was also a great figure, that is, Ying Ge, a general who followed Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty. Then, why did Zhuge Liang's ancestor surnamed Ge change his surname to "Zhuge"? It turns out that Ying Ge, the ancestor of Zhuge family, was the general of Chen Sheng, the leader of the peasant uprising army in the late Qin Dynasty. Repeatedly made meritorious military service, and was killed by Chen Sheng. Emperor Wen of Han acceded to the throne, and because of his meritorious service against Qin, he named his grandson as the counties of Langya. Several generations later, the family moved from county to county, only to find that there was already a family named Ge, and it was still a big family. Because Zhuge Liang's ancestors moved from various counties, Yang Du locals called him Zhuge. After a long time, Zhuge became a surname, which is also one of the sayings about the origin of Zhuge's surname. When Zhuge family arrived in the Western Han Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, an upright official-Zhuge Feng was born. This Zhuge Feng is a big shot, and his official is a captain among officials. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Jue, is an official in Taishan County, equivalent to the current deputy mayor. Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan is also very capable. He did a good job in public relations, and was closely related to Yuan Shu, a big family at that time, and Liu Biao, a celebrity who occupied Jingzhou. He's kind of a buddy. Zhuge Jue has two daughters and three sons. Zhuge Liang is the fourth child in the family. However, according to the concept that men are superior to women in ancient China, only men rank in the family, so Zhuge Liang ranks second. Zhuge Liang has a brother named Zhu Gejin and a younger brother named Zhuge Liang. Originally, the Zhuge Liang family lived a happy life, but something unexpected happened. His mother died when he was very young. At the age of eight, his father Zhuge Xuan died again, and Zhuge Liang became an orphan. Their brothers and sisters all depend on their uncle Zhuge Xuan to take care of their lives. Zhuge Liang's childhood coincided with the Yellow Scarf Uprising in the Central Plains, and later it was Cao Cao's "holding the emperor to make the princes", which was already a state of warlord separatism. Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan saw this situation and felt that his hometown could not stay any longer. At this moment, Yuan Shu appointed him as the prefect of Zhangyu County in Yangzhou, so he took Zhuge Liang and his sister and brother to Zhang Yu to take office. Zhuge Liang is fifteen years old this year. Zhuge Liang's brother Zhu Gejin stayed in his hometown for some time, but he couldn't stay any longer, so he took refuge in Jiangdong and Sun Quan, and eventually became an important minister of Soochow. Zhuge Liang's brother and sister followed their uncle Zhuge Xuan to Zhang Yu, but it never rains but it pours. The magistrate of Zhang Yu in Zhuge Xuan was appointed by Yuan Shu, which was denied by the Eastern Han court. In addition, a man named Zhu Hao was sent to be the chief officer of Zhangyu County. This Zhu Hao is not a fuel-efficient lamp. He didn't come to power only by his family like Zhuge Xuan, but borrowed military forces from Liu You, the Yangzhou secretariat at that time, and seized power by force. No way, Zhuge Liang, who had just left his hometown, had to follow his uncle and go elsewhere. In the end, Zhuge Xuan had to take Zhuge Liang's younger brother and sister to Xiangyang and take refuge in his good friend Jingzhou to shepherd Liu Biao. Xiangyang is located in today's Xiangfan City, Hubei Province, beside the Hanshui River, with extremely convenient land and water transportation. After Liu Biao came to power, Xiangyang was the seat of Jingzhou Secretariat House, which is today's provincial capital. Jingzhou was a very stable area at that time, with good economic conditions. Many celebrities from the north came here to avoid chaos, so Jingzhou's culture was also very developed. After Zhuge Liang followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan to Jingzhou, his life finally settled down. After a year or two, his two sisters also got married. With his relationship with Liu Biao and the fame and status of Zhuge family, Uncle Zhuge Xuan found that his two nieces were children of local clans. Zhuge Liang's sister married the Kuai family's Kuai. The Kuai family occupied an important position in Jingzhou at that time. Among them, Kuai Liang and Kuai Yue were Liu Biao's confidants, who made great contributions to Liu Biao's efforts to pacify Jingzhou. Kuai himself was also appointed as the order of Fangling County by Liu Biao, and his position was extraordinary. Zhuge Liang's second sister also married well, and her husband was Pang Shanmin, the son of Xiangyang celebrity Pang Degong. Pang Degong is knowledgeable, prestigious and respected in Jingzhou area. Pang Shanmin is also a famous man in Jingzhou, and he is very talented. Later, he became an official in Wei, and the Pang family was also a famous family in Jingzhou. In ancient marriage, men and women were suitable for each other. Obviously, it is difficult to compare with Kuai and Pang only by the fame and status of Zhuge family. The personal relationship between Zhuge Xuan and Liu Biao undoubtedly played a vital role in the success of these two marriages. Two years after Zhuge Liang's family went to Xiangyang, that is, when Zhuge Liang was seventeen, his uncle Zhuge Xuan died of illness. At this time, Zhuge Liang's two sisters were married, and only his younger brother Zhuge Jun lived alone with him. After his uncle died, Zhuge Liang's brothers could not always live on Liu Biao, so Zhuge Liang took his younger brother to live in the middle school. This is what Zhuge Liang said in the "Model": "Plot Nanyang, live your life in troubled times, and don't ask Wenda to be a vassal." Zhuge Liang's Controversy on Farming: The phrase "Nanyang Farming" has caused a debate for one or two thousand years. It is still inconclusive whether Zhuge Liang plowed the land in Nanyang, Henan or Xiangyang, Hubei before leaving the mountain. At that time, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, not far from Xiangyang City. This Longzhong is now a secluded place where Henan and Hubei compete for Zhuge Liang. Is Zhuge Liang from Nanyang or Xiangyang? The actual situation is that Zhuge Liang lived in Nanyang at that time, so it can be called Nanyang Zhuge Lu. But the geographical location is very close to Xiangyang, only 20 miles away, so it makes sense for Xiangyang people to say that Longzhong belongs to Xiangyang. In fact, as early as the death of Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms period, memorial buildings for private sacrifices and official sacrifices to Zhuge Liang were quickly established in the places where he lived and fought. Nanyang, as a place where Zhuge Liang courted, naturally built a temple for him, which is the famous Zhuge Lu in Nanyang, also known as Wuhou Temple. Similarly, Xiangyang Longzhong also built some memorial buildings for him earlier. Since then, Nanyang and Xiangyang have had a protracted debate on Zhuge Liang's farming. Nanyang people say that Zhuge Liang himself said, "I am dressed in cloth and devoted to Nanyang", which is still false. In addition, Li Xing's "Sacrifice to Prime Minister Zhuge" in the Western Jin Dynasty also admitted that Zhuge Liang opened up wasteland in Nanyang, north of Hanshui River. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was recognized that Zhuge Liang devoted himself to Nanyang, north of Hanshui River. Xiangyang people also said that Nanyang mentioned by Zhuge Liang is not Nanyang today. Xiangyang was under the jurisdiction of Nanyang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Moreover, there is a book entitled "The Spring and Autumn Period of Han, Jin and Qing Dynasties" written by Xi Chishao as evidence: "Zhuge Liang's family is in Dengxian County, Nanyang, twenty miles in Xiangyang, and in Longzhong, posthumous title. "Where is Zhuge Liang plowing? Whether Xiangyang or Nanyang, isn't it that the flowing Hanshui nurtured him and made him? In fact, there is nothing to argue about this issue. After his uncle's death, Zhuge Liang devoted himself more to his studies. Besides extensive reading, he often goes out to study and make friends to broaden his horizons and increase his knowledge. Many of his actions after coming out of the mountain are inseparable from the accumulation of this period of time. During this period, there were two people who had the greatest influence on Zhuge Liang, and they can be said to be Zhuge Liang's mentor and friend. The first is Zhuge Liang's second sister's father-in-law Pang Degong. As mentioned earlier, Pang Degong is a well-known celebrity in Jingzhou, and the Pang family is also a famous family in Xiangyang. Liu Biao, a shepherd in Jingzhou, invited him out of the mountain many times to be an official for him, but he refused. Finally Liu Biao couldn't help it. He invited and persuaded himself, but it was a waste of time. Pang Degong valued talents more than fame and fortune. Zhuge Liang was originally related to Pang Degong and often went to Pang Degong's house for advice. Every time I go, I am "alone under the bed", which is very respectful. Pang Degong didn't stop him at first, but after a long time, in the process of teaching Zhuge Liang, he gradually got a more comprehensive understanding of the young man's talents and ambitions, thinking that he would be a useful talent in the future, so he gave him a title, commonly known as "Wolong". Pang Degong has a nephew, Pang Tong, who is also outstanding in his studies. Pang Degong called him "Feng Chu". This is also the origin of the sentence "Long Fu and Feng Chu, the first one, can secure the world" in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. And the name "Wolong" has been handed down. The second person who influenced Zhuge Liang was "Mr. Water Mirror" Si Mahui. Si Mahui, a native of Yingchuan, moved to Jingzhou and became friends with Pang Degong. Zhuge Liang's political marriage: There is a local saying in Xiangyang: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, but inherit the ugly girl", which means "Don't choose a wife like Zhuge Liang, just marry the ugly girl in Huang". The history books describe Zhuge Liang as "a gifted scholar and a bully, eight feet long and very handsome", in one word: handsome! How can he marry an ugly girl? Huang is a famous person in Miannan. He took the initiative to find you. Huang, like Pang Degong, is also a local clan in Jingzhou. This man is cheerful and knowledgeable. Zhuge Liang has asked him for advice many times, and Huang is also very optimistic about Zhuge Liang. One day, Huang proposed to Zhuge Liang and said, "I have an ugly girl with yellow hair and black hair, and only she deserves it." "That is to say, I have a daughter who is ugly, with yellow hair and dark skin. Although people are ugly, they can compete with you in intelligence. Zhuge Liang readily agreed. As soon as Zhuge Liang nodded, Huang immediately sent a car to send his daughter to get married. In fact, Huang should be a modest statement about the so-called "ugly girl". Compared with Zhuge Liang's appearance, yellow hair and black skin are definitely much worse. A handsome guy with good looks and outstanding talents marries a woman who is not stunning. Naturally, it will be passed down as a joke, even a joke. From one word to another, the uglier it gets, the darker it gets. Zhuge Liang and his ugly wife Huang Yueying tell stories. Zhuge Liang chose Huang's daughter because the statement that "talent and beauty are both perfect" is also untenable. There is no denying that Huang's female talent from a well-known family is definitely not comparable to that of ordinary women, only among women. In ancient times, it was emphasized that "a woman without talent is virtue", and few women could read and write. It is unusual for a woman of a large family to be "knowledgeable". Therefore, when Huang said that her daughter's talent can rival Zhuge Liang, she should mean that her daughter's talent is the best among women, not that her daughter really has Zhuge Liang's talent and wisdom. Since Zhuge Liang's criterion for choosing a spouse is not "both talent and appearance", what is it? In fact, Zhuge Liang's marriage is a complete political marriage. Huang's wife is the daughter of Cai Yan, a famous family in Jingzhou. The Chua family has considerable influence in Jingzhou. Cai's other daughter married Liu Biao, a priest in Jingzhou, and Cai's son Cai Mao was Liu Biao's most trusted and dependent general. The Chua family has a great political background in Jingzhou and is a famous family. With such political capital, even if Huang's daughter is really ugly, are you afraid that she can't get married? Besides, he is not so ugly, and he is outstanding in learning. He is a standard lady. Huang chose Zhuge Liang as his son-in-law. In addition to Zhuge Liang's appearance and talent, he also valued Zhuge Liang's political power in Jingzhou. Zhuge Liang's elder sister married the Kuai family, and the second sister married Pang Shanmin, the son of Pang Degong. Kuai and Pang are the most popular surnames in Jingzhou and occupy an important position in Jingzhou. Once the marriage is successful, it seems that Huang Jiahe and Zhuge Jia are married, but in fact, there are four families in Jingzhou, namely Kuai, Cai, Pang and Huang Dou, and of course Liu Biao and Zhuge in the north. In today's words, it is "a strong alliance." Moreover, this marriage is probably not just Huang's own idea, but the result that several families agree or need. Although Zhuge Liang was brilliant, he was still a little-known scholar at that time. If he wants to get ahead, he must rely on his family background and marriage background. It is Zhuge Liang's dream to marry Jingzhou people. Therefore, the marriage between Zhuge Liang and Huang is an out-and-out political marriage.