Qin dynasty: round square hole money

Song dynasty: the intersection of paper money

From the Spring and Autumn Period to the metal coinage stage to the Warring States Period, four major currency systems, namely cloth coins, knife goods, ant nose coins and ring coins, were established successively. At the end of Han Dynasty, Wang Mang established a new dynasty, reformed the system of bossiness, and issued money indiscriminately. For example, "Daq50" is a large sum of money invested by Wang Mang to solve the economic crisis after he took office. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, in order to save copper coins, five baht became smaller and smaller, which was called "goose eye" and "corn eye". The Tang Dynasty was a powerful dynasty with developed economy and culture. According to research, Tang Gaozu Wude minted Kaiyuan coins in 62 1 year, ending the coin system named after two baht since Qin and Han Dynasties, creating the year number with "Wen" as the unit after Tang and Song Dynasties, and minting copper coins. The square hole coin of copper coins changed from Thai baht system to year number, and Bowen system was a major turning point in currency development. In addition to the copper coins from the Qing Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, another turning point in the development of money was also produced, namely, paper money and the silver standard. A small amount of copper coins were cast in the Yuan Dynasty, but the currency mainly circulated paper money. This was outstanding in ancient China. Paper money in the Yuan Dynasty was called paper money. It is not allowed to misappropriate original banknotes, and the circulation of banknotes is strictly restricted. However, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the government had to make up for political corruption by issuing paper money indiscriminately, which led to soaring prices. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang carried out the policy of paper money, and issued "Daming Treasure Notes" to be used together with copper coins. However, Daming's paper money had no fixed issue quota and no reserve, which soon led to inflation. Therefore, after Ye Jiajing's rule in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, paper money was no longer accessible, and people mainly used silver and copper coins. For example, in the "Banjiang" in the Ming Dynasty, silver was used instead of labor, instead of the wages of employees, and instead of the rich to accumulate wealth. The amount of silver was cast into a certain standard silver ingot from the Yuan Dynasty, and the silver ingot was named as "Yuanbao" from the Yuan Dynasty to the first year, which was the beginning of China calling the silver ingot "Yuanbao". At the same time, copper is very popular among the people. The material is changed from bronze to brass, and Bao Tong coins with year numbers are cast.

Copper coins in Qing dynasty followed the system of Ming dynasty, mainly casting Xiaoping coins. Xianfeng is the most complicated copper coin in Qing Dynasty. Qian Wen is divided into Bao Tong, Chongbao and Yuanbao, with different denominations and different money bureaus. In the Qing dynasty, folk businesses used silver, small money used money, and money and silver went hand in hand.

In the early Qing dynasty, silver ingots were the main currency, and in the late Qing dynasty, silver ingots began to transform into silver dollars. From the middle of the Ming Dynasty, foreign businessmen used their silver dollars to buy China's silk, tea and porcelain in foreign trade, which made all kinds of foreign silver dollars popular in China. During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, since the unequal treaty of nanking was signed, the silver dollar used for compensation was "foreign money", and there was no silver dollar in China at that time. The shortage of foreign currency in stock offset the sharp increase in foreign compensation, forcing the government to start casting silver dollars by itself in the late Qing Dynasty. The earliest foreign-style silver dollar mechanism in China was the Guangxu Yuanbao, commonly known as Yang Long, which was named after the dragon pattern on the back of the silver dollar. At the same time, there is also a mechanism copper coin, also called "copper coin".

The types of banknotes issued in Qing Dynasty are complex, including official banknotes and private banknotes. Official banknotes are issued by government financial institutions, while private banknotes are issued by private financial institutions. Paper money is divided into four types: copper coin (convertible square hole copper coin), copper coin (convertible copper coin), silver coin (convertible silver) and silver coin (convertible silver dollar). At the beginning of issuing paper money, there were bank reserves and paper money coupons.