The so-called evaluation is to use the basic viewpoints of dialectical materialism and historical materialism to make corresponding conclusions about historical events, historical phenomena, historical figures and ideological viewpoints, so as to achieve the purpose of learning from the past.

[Problem solving process]

The basic principle of correct historical evaluation is to adhere to historical materialist dialectics. (1) To adhere to the historical materialism, the object of evaluation must be placed under specific historical conditions. Because there is no absolute truth in the world, only relative truth, and everything depends on time, place and conditions. First of all, determine the time and space scope, so that the evaluation object can be "fixed" and "positioned" in history. Secondly, the object of evaluation should be related to the corresponding historical development clues and characteristics of the times, but its specific nature varies from specific object to specific object. (2) adhere to dialectics, that is, evaluate in two places, and pay attention to adhere to the two-point theory.

Specific thinking operation to solve evaluation problems. (1) When reviewing the questions, the object of evaluation should be clear. Reading the materials and making clear the evaluation object is the first step to solve the problem. (2) When solving problems, you must draw a conclusion, whether it is right or wrong or basically correct, and you need to have a clear conclusion. (3) when evaluating, don't tell the facts, but go back to the corresponding history, trace the reasons, contact the results, cite the cause and effect, and fully explain.

[Example] In the Draft of the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Erxun thought: "Xiuquan advocates that the revolution has a husband ... China is in danger, which is a real sign." Is the view correct? Try to analyze and evaluate Zhao Erxun's viewpoint with relevant historical facts.

[Comment] This argument requires a higher level of ability, focusing on students' understanding level, higher level of logical thinking ability and thinking quality. Zhao Erxun's basic view is that China's peril was caused by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement led by Hong Xiuquan, and the key word of this issue is "omen", which means beginning. As long as we understand the reasons for China's peril and the role played by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, it is not difficult to answer this question.

[Reference Answer] This view of Zhao Erxun is wrong. The peril of China was caused by the invasion of China by foreign capitalism and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government. Before Hong Xiuquan led the revolution, the door of China had been opened by British gunboats, and the crisis began to appear. Zhao's view is obviously a distortion of historical facts.

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement led by Hong Xiuquan was a great peasant movement against feudalism and aggression in China's modern history. After persisting in the struggle for 14 years, the forces developed to 18 province and severely punished the reactionary forces at home and abroad. While opposing feudalism, it actually undertook the task of opposing foreign aggression and saving the nation from peril.

Historical materialism holds that class struggle is the direct driving force for the development of class society, and the main mistake of Zhao Erxun's view is to deny the role of class struggle.