The word enamel originated from the ancient western place names in Sui and Tang Dynasties in China.
At that time, the enamel mosaic crafts made in the Eastern Roman Empire and the Mediterranean coast of West Asia were called "stroke mosaic" or "Buddha inlay" and "Buddha machine", which were simplified as "strokes".
After cloisonne appeared, it turned blue first and then enamel.
19 18 ~ 1956, enamel and enamel are synonymous.
1956, China formulated the standard of enamel products, and enamel was changed to enamel, which became synonymous with artistic enamel.
There are many classifications of enamel technology, which are generally divided into two categories according to manufacturing methods and tire types.
Classification according to production methods
According to the production method, it can be roughly divided into silk enamel, inner enamel (that is, embedded enamel) and painting enamel.
Cloisonne enamel color plates and inlaid enamel colors have appeared in China for a long time, and the earliest historical records can be traced back to the Song and Yuan Dynasties. However, the real domestic production should be that Genghis Khan attacked the Yuan Dynasty, took the craftsmen captured there back to make them, and introduced this skill into the Central Plains.
In the Ming Dynasty, cloisonne was produced and applied in a large number in Yongxuan Palace, and the most famous period was the Jingtai period, which was also known as "cloisonne".
Enamel painting appeared late, and/kloc-was invented in Launders, Europe in the middle of the 5th century. /kloc-At the end of 0/5th century, Limoux in the middle and west of France developed into an important town of enamel painting based on enameling technology.
With the trade between China and the West, it was introduced to China from Guangzhou and other ports.
At that time, it was called "western enamel" or "foreign enamel".
In the Qing Dynasty, the production of court painting enamel was not studied and developed until the establishment of enamel factory and glass factory in the thirty-second year of Kangxi.
According to the type of fetal land classification
According to the types of tires, enamel can generally be divided into gold tire enamel, copper tire enamel, porcelain tire enamel, glass tire enamel, purple sand tire enamel and so on.
Among them, copper enamel is the most widely used, because copper is easy to combine with surface enamel, and the price of copper is relatively acceptable.
Even today, most enamels still use copper tires.
Due to the high cost, golden tires are difficult to be accepted by ordinary people. In the Qing dynasty, it was basically produced and used by the imperial court, and the number was extremely limited.
Porcelain tire enamel (enamel colored porcelain), as its name implies, is painting enamel painted on porcelain tire.
It is a perfect combination of porcelain and painting enamel production technology, and it has high requirements for both, so it started and matured late.
When making enamels, the intrauterine manufacturing office also makes glass enamels and purple porcelain enamels, which should be made at roughly the same time, but only Kangxi products (only intrauterine enamels) are seen in purple porcelain products, and Yungan does not see the making materials.