Wei Wendi Cao Pi
The Wei and Jin Dynasties, especially the Jian 'an period, is a particularly important period in the history of China literature development. It plays a connecting role. At that time, the * * * of the Cao Wei regime were all literary masters and had a deep understanding of the role of literature. Cao Pi's Dian Lun classifies and explains the genre and content of literature. This paper summarizes the literary development of predecessors and points out the direction for the literary development of later generations. Although most of the chapters have been lost now, their value can still be seen from the only remaining parts.
During Jian 'an period, as a country in a turbulent age for a long time, the literati at that time also inherited the literati's love for life in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. When politics is relatively dark, they focus on people's sufferings and are keen to express their feelings in their articles, which also makes the literary works of this era have unique vitality.
The Book Shadow of Dian Lun
The awakening of private feelings in Jian 'an literature has gone through three stages, namely, the poetic era in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the sub-historical era in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the subsequent Sao Fu era. Although the division of these three eras is based on style, it also reflects the writing characteristics of different eras.
In the earliest era of poetry and calligraphy, the most important purpose of literary works was to undertake their political tasks. No matter the vows and decrees in Shangshu or a large number of figurative articles in The Book of Songs, they are closely related to politics. Although there are many beautiful poems describing life in The Book of Songs, as a result of folk literature, it does not express the author's feelings, but is more a foil of the times.
The book shadow of the book of songs
China literature was introduced into the prose era in the sub-historical era. At that time, writers used literary works to explain their political theories and philosophical thoughts, and the instrumentality of words still dominated. The same is true in the later Sao Fu era. Although Li Sao and other works have high literary value, Qu Yuan and others put functionality first when creating these articles. In the words of Mr. Qian Mu, before the Jian 'an period came, the literary expressions of the above three periods "had no independent concept and consciousness", and this situation did not change until the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Qu Yuan who wrote Li Sao
Through the above analysis, it is not difficult to see that in the above three times, most of the people engaged in literary creation were literati, and their works were also related to Dachuan politics. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the disaster of parties, the literati were persecuted by eunuchs, lost their political status, and their political ambitions were difficult to realize. At the same time, their social status has obviously declined, especially the poor children of the literati, who can hardly maintain their own lives. As a result of this identity change, these people began to devote more energy to the life around them, and the political color in their literary works gradually faded, and the expression of personal feelings became the central content of their works.
Among the works at that time, "Nineteen Ancient Poems" with the genre of five-character poems was the most widely circulated, and there were many chapters praising love or thinking about the meaning of life. Among them, the descriptions of love and women's living conditions in Far Morning Altar and Grass on the Green Edge are very vivid and contain rich feelings, which are lacking in previous literary works. This form of literary creation brought literature from the temple to the people for the first time, paving the way for the later civilian literature, which is of great significance in the history of China literature. The following excerpt is from the poem "Far Morning Altar":
"All the way Altair, Hehan female.
Skillful hands, make a loom.
Tears fall like rain all day long;
The river is clear and shallow, how much is the difference!
Between water and water, there are no words. "
The Love Story in the Far Altair
This literary creation atmosphere also had a great influence on the literati in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Although eunuchs were often killed at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the disaster of partisan struggle came to an end and the status of literati returned to its previous state. But at this time, the government of the Eastern Han Dynasty has come to an end, and the country has been in a situation of division and turmoil for a long time. Such a social background makes the literati still unable to devote all their energy to political work and continue to think about life, which makes their literary works still full of strong personal feelings, even Cao Cao, who had the highest power at that time.
There are many literary works handed down by Cao Cao, especially his poems. Although most of Cao Cao's poetry works adopt the genre of four-character ancient poems, they are more retro than Nineteen Ancient Poems. But its content reflects his thinking about life and has obvious personal characteristics. This makes Cao Cao's works have a very strong personal color in the expression attribute of literature, even more progressive than Nineteen Ancient Poems.
Wei Wudi Cao Cao
For example, some of Cao Cao's most famous poems, such as "A short line of songs" and "Although he returns to life", are a true portrayal of his inner feelings. "Old horse, ambitious. In his twilight years, the martyrs were full of courage. " Poems like this make the image of Cao Cao a hero jump from the page, and let later readers directly feel the author's emotions at that time, which is difficult to do in previous literary works.
Cao Cao also has his own style in the creation of articles. As the actual controller of the government during the Jian 'an period, Cao Cao's position is highly respected, but his works have a very distinct flavor of life. In "Let the Princess Know the Truth", he explained in the tone of ordinary people that he had no ambition to usurp the rebellion, but only wanted to serve the country faithfully and eradicate the traitor's heart. And put forward that he is willing to give up three food cities to show his determination.
Cao Cao, a poet who looks at the sea.
In this article, Cao Cao speaks his mind straight, straight, and with a bright style, as if an old friend were confiding in you. Such works are undoubtedly more likely to resonate with the people at that time, and also reflect the inheritance and development of the literary works of the Eastern Han Dynasty from the perspective of the people.
Cao Pi's Dian Lun and the development of literary skills. As the real ruler of the country in Jian 'an period, Cao Cao was busy with government affairs and still actively engaged in literary creation, from which we can easily see Cao Cao's love for literature. His hobby also makes people actively participate in literary creation and literary research, among which Cao Zhi and Cao Pi are the most typical representatives.
Speaking of Jian 'an literature, Cao Zhi must be an unavoidable name. Both his brilliant literary talent in "Luo Shen Fu" and his wit and agility in "Seven Steps Poetry" have become synonymous with talented people. Later, Xie Lingyun gave him the evaluation of a talented person and a beautiful woman, which made him hold the altar. However, Cao Zhi didn't pay much attention to literary creation at that time. His greatest pursuit is to make a name for himself and make great achievements in political work. And literature is just a kind of adjustment of life for him.