193011~1931September, under the leadership of Zhu De and Mao Zedong, the red army adopted the policy of "luring the enemy into the depth", breaking the first, second and third large-scale "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army and annihilating the Kuomintang military contract. After three counter-campaigns against "encirclement and suppression", the Red Army has formed basic operational principles, such as "encirclement and suppression" as the main form of war, "luring the enemy deep" as the basic strategic policy, mobile warfare as the basic form of combat against "encirclement and suppression" and annihilation as the basic operational guiding ideology. After the victory of the third counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", the Soviet areas in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian United and expanded to nearly 30 counties, 15 counties with a population of more than 2.5 million, making it the largest Soviet area in China. During this period, the 35th Army of the Red Army, which was composed of local armed forces in southern Jiangxi (later reorganized into the independent 3rd Division) and the 7th Army of the Red Army, which moved to the Central Soviet Area from Youjiang, Guangxi, were placed under the Red Army organizational system.
193 1 year165438+1October 25th, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Soviet Republic of China was established, and the Red Army General Command was abolished. The Red Army troops were directly led and commanded by the Central Military Commission, which was called the Central Red Army. Zhu De is, Wang Jiaxiang and Peng are vice-chairmen. The Central Military Commission has a General Staff Department with Ye Jianying as Minister; The General Political Department (later renamed the General Political Department of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army), with Wang Jiaxiang as the director (Nie and He Chang as deputy directors soon); General manager department, Fan Shude as minister. At this time, the Central Red Army was in charge of the 3rd, 4th and 3rd armies. 16 February 16, the Ningdu Uprising Army was reorganized into the Fifth Army of the Red Army (under the jurisdiction of 13, 14, 15 Army), with Ji as the commander-in-chief, a small political commissar, and also placed under the organizational structure of the Central Red Army.
1 In March, 932, the Central Military Commission decided to reorganize the Red Army1,3 rd and 5 th Corps. The 4th, 1 5th Army of the Red Army was organized into1Army Corps, and the headquarters of the Army Corps was established, with Lin Biao as the commander (later renamed as the commander) and Nie as the political commissar; The 5th, 7th and14th armies were organized as the 3rd army (the Red Army14th army was not actually organized); The 3rd,13rd Army was organized as the 5th Army Corps. In June, the First Corps of the Red Army was restored, with Zhu De as the commander, Ye Jianying as the chief of staff and Wang Jiaxiang as the director of the political department. In August, the organizational sequence of the Red Army was partially adjusted: the 3rd Army was reorganized as 1 Army, and the 5th Army as1Army; The 45th Division of 15 Army was organized as 3 1 Division, and was under the command of 1 Corps. 14 Army is the 39th Division of 13 Army. At the same time, the 3rd and 6th independent divisions of the Jiangxi Military Region are jointly compiled as 2 1 army, and the 4th and 5th independent divisions are jointly compiled as the 22nd army. In the same month, Mao Zedong was appointed as the general political commissar of the Red Army. In June+10, 5438, Zhou Enlai was appointed as the general political commissar of the Red Army. During the period of 1932, the Red Army successively fought battles in Ganzhou, Zhangzhou, Nanxiongshui, Le 'an Yihuang, Jianlitai and Jinjin.
Reorganize the army and oppose the fourth and fifth campaigns.
From the end of 1932 to the beginning of 1933, the Red Army reorganized its subordinate units in order to streamline its organs and enrich its company. After the reorganization, Red 1 Legion has jurisdiction over 7, 9, 10,1Division; Red 3 Army Corps governs 1, 2, 3 Divisions and 7 Army Corps (4 regiments); Red 5 Corps governs 38 divisions, 39 divisions and 15 Corps (4 regiments). 1From February to March, 933, under the command of Zhu De and Zhou Enlai, the Red Army broke the fourth large-scale "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army and annihilated nearly three divisions of the Kuomintang army. At this time, the Red Army has 1, 3, 5 legions, 1 1 (formed by the merger of Red Army 10 and Red Army 3 1 division), 12, 2 1 and 22 armies in total.
1933 in may, the headquarters of the Chinese red army of workers and peasants and the headquarters of the first army were established, with Zhu De as commander-in-chief and commander, general political commissar and military political commissar, Ye Jianying and Zhang as chief of staff and deputy chief of staff Wang Jiaxiang as director of the general political department and military political department (Yang soon took over as director of the military political department), and Yuan Weijun as deputy director of the political department. From the end of May to the beginning of June, the Red Army was reorganized according to the new organization of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants: the Red 1 Army, the Red 22 Army and the Ruijin Model Division were organized as the Red Army 1 Army, and the 1, 2 nd and 3 rd Divisions were under its jurisdiction (the 3 rd Division was not actually organized); The Red 3 Army, the Red 2 1 Army and the subordinate units of Xingguo Model Division were organized into the Red 3 Army, with 4, 5 and 6 divisions under its jurisdiction. The Red Fifth Army Corps is under the jurisdiction of 13 Division. Soon, the Red Army 15 Division (adapted from Shao * * *) and the Red Army's 34th Division (downsized from Fujian Military Region 19 Army) were organized by the Red Army's 5th Corps. The red army 1 1 was reduced to 19 division, and the red army 12 was reduced to independence 1 regiment. From July to September, the Red Army divided its forces to fight according to the instructions of the Provisional Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The Eastern Army, mainly Red 3 Army, entered Fujian to fight, and the Central Army, mainly Red/KLOC-0 Army, was active in the area from Fuhe to Ganjiang. In late September, the Kuomintang army launched the fifth large-scale "encirclement and suppression" against the Red Army and the Central Soviet Area. On June+10, 5438, the Red Army formed the 7th and 9th Legions. The 7th Army Corps, headed by Xun Huaizhou and headed by Xiao Wei, is under the jurisdiction of 19 Division, 20th Division (composed of local armed forces in northern Fujian), 34th Division (formerly the 34th Division of Red 5 Army Corps) and 1 Independent Regiment; Cai, who thought he was the commander of the army, was the ninth corps of the political commissar, and had jurisdiction over the third division (the former Red Army Corps 1 Third Division), the 14 Division (adapted by a doctor) and two independent regiments.
1934 65438+ 10, the Red Army General Command and the First Front Army Command were merged into the Central Military Commission of China, and the troops of the Front Army were directly commanded by the Central Military Commission. The Red Army was once again called the Central Red Army. At this time, the leading members of the Central Military Commission and the Red Army Headquarters are: Zhu De as Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang as Vice Chairmen, Liu Bocheng as Chief of Staff, Ye Jianying and Zhang as Deputy Chief of Staff, Wang Jiaxiang as Director of the General Political Department (later, Li Fuchun) and He Chang as Deputy Director of the General Political Department. In July, the Central Military Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and China and the Red 7 Army Corps formed an anti-Japanese advance team in the north, and advanced to the border of Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Anhui. In September, the Central Red Army set up the 8th Army Corps, with Zhou Kun as the head of the Corps and Su Huang as the political commissar, with 2 1 Division (composed of Jiangxi local armed forces) and 23 Division (adapted from the Central Guard Division). By June of 5438+00, although the Central Red Army had been fighting 1 year, due to the strategic guidance of the "Left" adventurism of the central leader, it failed to break the fifth "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army and was forced to leave the Central Soviet Area for the Long March.
193565438+1On October 7th, the Central Red Army occupied Zunyi. From June 5438+05 to June 5438+07, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Zunyi, which ended the rule of "Left" adventurism in the central government and actually established Mao Zedong's leading position in the Red Army and the central government. Subsequently, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang formed a three-person team to direct the actions of the Red Army. The army has been reorganized: the Red 1 Legion has jurisdiction over 2 divisions and 6 regiments, the Red 3 Legion has jurisdiction over 4 regiments, and the Red 5 and Red 9 Legions have jurisdiction over 3 regiments respectively.
After the Zunyi Conference, the Central Red Army crossed Chishui four times, skillfully crossed Jinsha River, forced Dadu River, seized Luding Bridge, crossed Jin Jia Mountain, got rid of the siege of hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops, overcame the harsh natural conditions, and arrived in Maogong (now Xiaojin) area in northwest Sichuan in mid-June to join forces with the Red Fourth Front Army. After the meeting, the Central Committee decided that the Central Red Army would go north with the Red Fourth Army to create the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area. On July 6, 2008, the Central Committee appointed Zhang as the general political commissar of the Red Army. On 2 1 day, the Central Red Army 1, 3, 5 and 9 regiments were reorganized into 1, 3, 5 and 32 regiments in turn. On August 6, the title of the first army of the Red Army was restored. Zhou Enlai served as commander and political commissar, Zhou Kun as chief of staff, and Li Fuchun as director of the political department (later Zhu Rui). In late August, the first and fourth armies of the Red Army were mixed into the left and right armies. After many hardships, they finally walked out of the vast grassland with inaccessible and changeable climate and entered Brazil and Aba areas in Sichuan Province. At this point, Zhang refused the policy of * * * in the north and ordered the right army to go south in an attempt to harm and split the central forces. In order to carry out the policy of going northward, the Central Committee led the Red Army 1, the 3 rd Army and the Military Commission column to continue northward. On September 12, it was decided to reorganize these troops into the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, with Peng as the commander and political commissar. The Shaanxi-Gansu detachment crossed Minshan Mountain, seized Lazikou, broke through the blockade of Weihe River, crossed Liupanshan Mountain, and arrived in Wuqi (now Wuqi County) in Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area on June+10/October 65438+September. At this point, the main force of the Red Army lasted for one year, with a journey of 1 1 province, and the Long March with a journey of 25,000 miles ended successfully.
165438+1At the beginning of October, Shaanxi-Gansu detachment and 15 Red Army Corps joined forces in Ganquan area. Then, the First Army Corps of the Red Army was restored, with Peng as the commander, political commissar, Ye Jianying as the chief of staff and Wang Jiaxiang as the director of the political department, commanding * * 1, 15 and more than ten thousand people. 1 The Corps was formed by a detachment from Shaanxi but Gansu, with Lin Biao as the head and Nie as the political commissar, with 2 nd and 4 th divisions, 1, 13 regiments. 15 Legion, with Xu Haidong as the head and Cheng as the political commissar, has jurisdiction over 75, 78 and 8 1 division. 1 65438+1In late October, the Red Army annihilated the Kuomintang army1division in Zhiluo town, smashing the third "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army against the Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base area. This victory laid the foundation for the central authorities to put China's revolutionary base camp in the northwest.
1From February to July, 936, the Red Army successively won the crusade to the east and the expedition to the west, and its strength grew to more than 20,000 people, consolidating and expanding the Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base area. At the end of August, the main force of the Red Army went south from Yu Wang Fort in Ningxia and joined the Second and Fourth Army in the north from Ganzi. 10 year 10 On September 9 and 22, the Red Army joined forces with the Red Fourth Army and the Red Second Army in Huining and Jiangtaibao, Gansu. 165438+1In late October, the Red First and Red Fourth Front Army, with the cooperation of the Red Second Front Army, won the Battle of Mountain Castle, forcing the Kuomintang troops to stop attacking the Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base. The peaceful settlement of the Xi 'an incident paved the way for the later cooperation between the two parties to resist Japan. 1in August, 937, according to the central decision, the First Front Army of the Red Army in southern Shaanxi and the 74th Division of the Red Army were reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army 1 15 Division. Then I went to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the First Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army fought bravely in the Agrarian Revolutionary War, wiped out a large number of Kuomintang troops and made great contributions to the victory of the Agrarian Revolutionary War.