The topographical outline of Xinjiang presents the topographical features of "three mountains and two basins". "Three Mountains" are Altai Mountain in the north, Tianshan Mountain in the middle and Kunlun Mountain and Karakorum Mountain in the south; "Two great basin" are Junggar Basin in the north and Tarim Basin in the south. Taking the Tianshan Mountains as the central axis, Xinjiang is divided into two parts: northern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang with obvious differences in natural conditions. Traditionally, Turpan and Hami areas are also called the Eastern Xinjiang.

Xinjiang is rich in resources and has great development potential. First, water, soil, light and heat resources are abundant, and the advantages of developing characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry are outstanding; Second, mineral and biological resources are abundant, with a wide variety and large reserves; Third, the tourism resources are rich and colorful.