The ancient Chang 'an is now Xi.

Xi 'an 1

Known as Chang 'an and Haojing in ancient times, they are "world famous historical cities" determined by UNESCO 198 1. Chang 'an has been the imperial capital since ancient times. It was established in Xi 'an by 13 dynasties (1077), namely, Western Zhou, Qin, Western Jin, Qianzhao, Qianqin, Houqin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang. It is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation and the starting point of the Silk Road. Fenghao Capital, Qin Xianyang Palace, Terracotta Warriors, Han Weiyang Palace, Changle Palace, Sui Daxing City, Tang Daming Palace, Xingqing Palace, etc. Outline the "Chang' an Complex".

2. Nanjing

Referred to as "Ning", it was called Jinling and Jiankang in ancient times. Nanjing is located in the east of China, in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and along the coast. Nanjing is China's four ancient capitals, the first batch of national historical and cultural cities, and an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. Blessed by China several times in history, it has long been the political, economic and cultural center of southern China. There were ancient human activities in Nanjing as early as 100 to1200,000 years ago, and Nanjing apes lived in Tangshan, Nanjing more than 350,000 to 600,000 years ago. In 229 AD, Sun Quan, Emperor Wu, established his capital here. The Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern Dynasties, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty have successively established their capitals here, which is known as the "ancient capital of the Six Dynasties". Later, Nanjing became the western capital of Wu Yang, the capital of Southern Tang Dynasty, the capital of Southern Song Dynasty, the capital of Ming Dynasty, Tianjing of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the capital of Republic of China, so it was also called "the city of ten dynasties".

3. Beijing

The first batch of national historical and cultural cities and the cities with the most cultural heritage in the world have a history of more than 3,000 years, and have nurtured many places of interest such as the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Badaling Great Wall and the Summer Palace. As early as 700,000 years ago, the primitive tribe "Beijingers" appeared in Zhoukoudian, Beijing. In BC 1045, Beijing became the capital of thistle, swallow and other vassal states. Since 938, Beijing has successively become the capital of Liao, Jin, Yuan and Ming and Qing Dynasties.

4. Luoyang

In ancient times, it was called Luo Jing, Luoyang, Yanzhen, Luoyang and Henan. It is located in the west of Henan and the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is named because it is located in the sun of Luohe. It is the first batch of famous historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council. Luoyang has a history of more than 5,000 years of civilization, 4,000 years of city building and 1500 years of capital building, and 1005 emperors settled in Kyushu. It is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation. It is an important hub of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Peony is famous all over the world because of Luoyang, and is known as the "Millennium Imperial Capital, Peony Flower City".

5. Kaifeng

Bianjing and Bianliang, Bianjing for short, are the ancient capitals and prefecture-level cities of the Eight Dynasties in Henan Province. Located in the central and eastern part of Henan Province, it is adjacent to Shangqiu in the east, Zhengzhou in the west, Xuchang and Zhoukou in the south and Xinxiang across the Yellow River in the north. Kaifeng has a history of more than 2700 years. It is one of the first historical and cultural cities in China and one of the eight ancient capitals in China. Historically, Kaifeng has the reputation of "Five Phoenix Pagodas, the Imperial Capital of Yimen since ancient times" and "the richest city in Bianjing". Kaifeng, Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty was the largest city in the world at that time.

6. Hangzhou

It has a history of more than 2200 years since the Qin Dynasty established the county government. It was once the capital of Wu Yueguo and the Southern Song Dynasty, and one of the seven ancient capitals of China. Because of its beautiful scenery, it is known as "paradise on earth". Due to the convenience of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and trade ports, as well as its own developed silk and grain industries, Hangzhou was once an important commercial distribution center in history. Later, relying on the opening of Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway and other railway lines and the promotion of Shanghai's import and export trade, light industry developed rapidly.

7. Anyang

The prefecture-level city of Henan Province, referred to as Yinye for short, is located in the northernmost part of Henan Province, at the junction of Henan, Hebei and Shanxi provinces, with Taihang Mountain in the west, North China Plain in the east, Handan in the north and Hebi and Xinxiang in the south. Anyang is the discovery place of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the birthplace of Zhouyi, a national historical and cultural city and one of the eight ancient capitals of China, and the center of early civilization in China. Seven dynasties, namely Shang Dynasty, Cao Wei, Hou Zhao, Wei Ran, Yan Qian, Eastern Wei and Northern Qi, successively established their capitals here, which is called the "Seven Dynasties" in history. Yin Ruins in Anyang is the first capital ruins recorded and confirmed by archaeology and Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the history of China. There are two world cultural heritages: Yin Ruins and China Grand Canal (Yongji Canal).

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The ancient capital refers to the political center of the ancient dynasty, and is often its economic and cultural center. So its setting should be relatively stable. However, with the development of national politics and economy and the need of expanding the situation, Kyoto often moves from the old capital to a more suitable new capital.

In the history of China, not only have many regimes experienced the gradual shift of Kyoto status in their own development, but on the whole, the status of Kyoto in past dynasties has also shown the shift mainly from east to west and then from north to south. The relocation of Kyoto must also consider various geographical factors.

In the history of China, the capital of a unified dynasty or a global political power is also called the capital, the capital, the national capital and the capital. Kyoto is not only the political center of a dynasty, but also its economic and cultural center.