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What does the concept of vertical and horizontal development mean in history learning?
Viewpoint: human history has experienced a long process of vertical development and horizontal development; Vertical development and horizontal development are mutual conditions and constraints;

Demonstration: human history has gone through two industrial revolutions, from an agricultural society to an industrial society and embarked on the road of modernization;

Through opening up new sea routes, colonial expansion, commodity export and capital export, it gradually evolved from the scattered ancient world to the whole modern world.