ancient architecture
Badaling great wall
According to historical records and the survey of cultural relics workers, it is proved that the Great Wall was built in Badaling area during the Warring States Period, but there are still remnants of walls and piers, and its trend is basically the same as that of the Great Wall today and tomorrow. According to China's records, there are two Guancheng, the military capital and Juyong country. The Northern Wei Dynasty's Notes on Water Classics said, "Juyongguan is in Juyongguan, hence its name. The south is the valley, and the stones are the ruins. This is not an easy achievement ... Its water is in the south of the mountain and its army is in the world ... "Therefore, some experts believe that Juyongguan is located in Badaling.
The Great Wall was built 1500 years ago in Badaling area of Northern Wei Dynasty. According to the Chronicle of Shi-zu Wei, in the seventh year of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Tuoba Taiping * * * built the Great Wall in 446, north of the capital Pingcheng * * today's Datong * * *, called the "Jingshi Great Wall", starting from Dushan of the ancient army in the east and reaching Badaling in the west. Later, he came to Beiqi for six years * * * 555 * *, and built the Great Wall, which started from Datong in the west and extended to Shandong in the army. The Great Wall extended to the seaside.
Reconstruction in Ming dynasty
Badaling Great Wall was built in the 18th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty *** 1505 * * *, and has been built for more than 80 years, with a total area of 1300. Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese soldier, was transferred to the north to command the Great Wall defense, which was part of the great defense project in ancient Wan Li, China.
Development and utilization
1953, Guancheng and some city walls were restored and turned into tourist areas. After many renovations, the sightseeing area reached 374 1 m, of which the southern section was 1 176 m and the northern section was 2565 m, with a total of 16 enemy stations.
196 1 March, "Wan Li Great Wall-Badaling" was identified as the first batch of national cultural relics protection units.
196 1 year, the State Council designated Badaling Guancheng and its city wall as national key cultural relics protection units.
1982 is listed as a national key scenic spot; Badaling, as an important part of Badaling-Ming Tombs Scenic Area, was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national scenic spots.
1984, under the initiative of Comrade * * * to "love my China and repair my Great Wall", the ancient Xiongguan was completely renewed, and 19 watchtowers were successively restored, with a total length of 374 1 m, making the total sightseeing area reach 1.9 million square meters.
1986, Badaling was rated as one of the sixteen scenic spots in New Beijing and the first of the top ten scenic spots in China.
1987 is listed in the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO.
1991August, Badaling, as the essence of the Great Wall of Wan Li, accepted the certificate of human cultural heritage issued by UNESCO at the Palace Museum in Beijing. 19911February, 94 national candidate scenic spots were announced in the selection of 40 major tourist attractions in China held in Zhuhai, and 480,000 valid votes were collected. Badaling is famous for its scenic spots, with an absolute majority of 370,000 votes, becoming the top 40 tourist attractions in China.
1992 won the first place in "Best Tourism World in Beijing".
1995 Badaling Great Wall was named as "National Patriotism Education Base" by China Care for the Next Generation Working Committee.
1998, Badaling Expressway was completed and opened to traffic, and the traffic is very convenient.
From 2000 to 2009, more than 500 heads of state, leaders or leaders of the ruling party from all over the world boarded the Badaling Great Wall.
On May 8, 2007, Badaling Great Wall was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.
Historical folk culture of Badaling Great Wall
The origin of the name
The name Badaling was first seen in Liu Ying's long poem "Arriving at Badaling in the Evening, Climbing to the Top" and "Leaving Badaling" in the Jin Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was called "Beikou", opposite to Nankou. Nankou is located in Changping County, the northern suburb of Beijing. From the south exit to the north exit, there is a 40-mile-long canyon in the middle. The Great Wall of Wan Li has a famous pass-Juyongguan, so this canyon is called "Guangou". Badaling stands at the highest point at the northern end of Guangou.
There are several sources for the name Badaling:
1, named after the homonym of "Eight Ridges". Because of the mountainous terrain in this area, it is said that the Great Wall built here will turn eight corners and cross eight mountains. It was very difficult to build this section of the Great Wall at that time, and the construction period was delayed again and again. Eight executives died for this. Finally, through the enlightenment of the gods, the "eight methods of repairing the city" was adopted.
That is, "the tiger leads the sheep to carry the saddle, the swallow leads the way, the turtle carries the stone rabbit, and the magpie bridges the ice to lay the crib", so that the building materials can be transported to the mountain. So people called this section of the Great Wall "Badaling Great Wall", and later this place name was homophonic as "Badaling".
2. Named after the homophonic Badaling. According to legend, an emperor named "Badali" came here in the Yuan Dynasty. He was very happy to see the steep mountains and covered with green hills, so he named it Badaling, which was later misrepresented as Badaling. However, looking up the records of emperors in past dynasties, Chronicles of Chinese Emperors and other historical materials, we can't find that there was an emperor named "Ba Da Li" in the Yuan Dynasty, but a man named Ai Yu Ba Li Li Ba Da, who was the fourth emperor in the Yuan Dynasty. It is said that he was born in Yanqing County where Badaling is located.
3. Named after the homonym of "Tatar". It is said that in the Ming dynasty, Badaling area once became the frontier position to defend the Manchu army. Because * * * called Manchus in Northeast China "Tatars" in the Ming Dynasty, some people thought Badaling was a homonym for "guarding Tatars".
4. It was named after the homonym of "Badaoling". Legend has it that at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng led the rebel army to this place, but it was blocked from the Great Wall, and Li Zicheng was worried. At this time, the Malay newspaper said that there were still eight dangers ahead. Li Zicheng sighed: "The Badaoling here is really difficult to cross. It seems that the storm is not good! " So he ordered the rebel army to divert its course, which was later called "Badaoling".
There is no exact written record of the above four statements, which is difficult to verify.
5. In fact, the most credible statement should be the explanation in the Hakka dialect of Chang 'an in Ming Dynasty: "Since then, the road extends in all directions, hence the name Badaling, the highest in Guanshan". Badaling is the outer entrance of Juyongguan, reaching Yanqing, Chicheng and Mongolia in the north, Zhangjiakou, Huailai, Xuanhua and Datong in the west, Yongning and Hayes in the east and Changping and Beijing in the south, extending in all directions, so it is an important traffic artery and defensive outpost in ancient times, and is known as the "first pass in northern Beijing".
historic site
Badaling has been an important military strategic place since ancient times.
Badaling great wall
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Great Wall was built here to resist the invasion of northern nationalities. Up to now, there are still residual walls and piers, and their trend is roughly the same as that of the Ming Great Wall. Badaling is a mountain depression, where the mountains are mountainous. The Ming Dynasty's "Chang 'an Nighttalk" said: "The road branches from here and extends in all directions, hence the name Badaling, which is the highest in Guanshan." It can be seen that Badaling's geographical position and strategic position.
After more than 80 years of construction, Badaling Great Wall has become a strict defense system, which is connected with the city, facing the piers and fortresses, guarding the city and warning it with fire.
Historically, Badaling Great Wall was the gateway to guard Juyong Pass. From the Badaling Great Wall to today's Nankou, there is a 40-mile-long canyon in the middle. The related city "Juyongguan" was built in the canyon, so this canyon was named "Guangou". Badaling Great Wall really seized the pass, and Badaling stood at the highest point at the northern end of Guangou. The two peaks here are sandwiched in the middle, open and commanding, and the situation is extremely dangerous. The ancients said that "looking at Juyongguan from Badaling is like building a collar to see a well" and "the danger of Juyong country is not in Guancheng, but in Badaling". It can be seen that Juyongguan was just a city at that time, and the real Great Wall was built in Badaling. Badaling Pass's special terrain has become a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. Therefore, it is of great strategic significance to build the Great Wall here.
Badaling is the witness of many important events in history.
After the first emperor Qin Shihuang came to Jieshi from the east, he took Datong from Badaling and drove back to Xianyang. Xiao Huanghou's visit to China, his entry into China, Yuan Di's twice-yearly trip to Beijing, Ming Di's Northern Expedition, Li Zicheng's capture of Beijing, and the Qing Emperor's personal expedition to Badaling are all places that must be visited. In modern history, Cixi fled to the west and shed tears at Badaling, where Zhan Tianyou presided over the construction of the first railway independently built by China-Zhangjing Railway. Dr. Sun Yat-sen boarded the Badaling Great Wall, leaving many historical allusions and precious historical memories, which is a famous historical site.
Badaling Great Wall is the earliest section of the Great Wall in Wan Li that is open to tourists. Badaling received more than 300 million Chinese and foreign tourists1.300 million person-times, and 372 foreign heads of state including Nixon, Reagan, Thatcher, Gorbachev, Elizabeth, Heath and many people from all over the world boarded Badaling for sightseeing.
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