1, official:

Historical books that record the achievements of emperors, the history of dynasties, biographies of people, economy, military affairs, culture and geography are called official history. Such as the so-called twenty-four histories.

2, don't history:

It mainly refers to historical books that record historical facts of past dynasties or generations in addition to chronological and biographical styles, such as Dong Guan Han Ji, Du Dong Shi Lue, Daikin Guo Zhi, Tong Zhi, etc.

3, miscellaneous history:

It is a history book with anecdotes, which only records the whole story, temporary experiences or personal notes of the family. It is different from the official history with complete style, such as discipline, biography, expression and ambition, and it is also different from other histories that have been in power for a time. Not limited by style. Although miscellaneous and superficial, it can make up for the omissions and shortcomings of official history books, including family history, foreign history, mini-history, unofficial history, unofficial history, anecdotes and other categories.

4. unofficial history:

It is different from the official history books written by the people.

5. History:

Usually refers to the historical records that record the customs of alley, folk trivia and old news, such as Pan Yongyin's Song Renlei Banknotes in Qing Dynasty. Sometimes it means "unofficial history".

Second, according to the style classification:

1, chronological style:

A history book. Record historical events according to the year number (that is, chronological order) of the living emperors.

Masterpiece: Tongzhi Bamboo Slips (edited by Sima Guang in the Song Dynasty, which is the most influential one in the existing general history of chronological style in China). In addition, the chronological history books include Confucius Chunqiu and Three Biographies of Chunqiu (Chunqiu Zuoshi Biography, Chunqiu Gongyang Biography and Chunqiu Biography).

Zi Tong Zhi Jian is an unprecedented chronicle masterpiece compiled by Sima Guang, a famous historian and politician in ancient China, in 19 years. It is the first chronicled history book and historical prose in China.

2. Countries:

Taking the country (vassal state) as the main body, that is, recording history by country classification. (* * * 2) The earliest Mandarin was written by Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period; The better one is the Warring States Policy compiled by Liu Xiang in the early Han Dynasty (the masterpiece of national history books).

3. Ji Chuanti:

A form of history books that narrates historical facts in the form of biographies. That is, to record history with the activities of characters as the center is to establish biographies for characters, which is the famous book Historical Records. For example, The History of the Three Kingdoms and Historical Records are biographical. Historical Records is the first biographical general history in the history of China.

4, dynastic history:

History books with dynasties as boundaries. This style originated from Ban Gu, a historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His book Hanshu describes the history of the Western Han Dynasty from the first year of Gaozu (206 BC) to the fourth year of Emperor Wangmang (23 years) for 230 years. Of the twenty-five histories, except Shiji, which is a general history, the other twenty-four histories belong to this style.

Among them, History of the South, History of the North and History of the Five Dynasties include several dynasties and still belong to the category of dynastic history. Chronological and chronological history books restricted by dynasties also belong to dynastic history. The history of Qin and Han dynasties and the history of Sui and Tang dynasties written by modern people also belong to the category of dynastic history.

5, chronicle background:

This is a genre of writing history centered on events. Together with chronological style and biographical style, it is called the three ancient historical styles. At the end of the chronicle, each theme is a special article, which focuses on scattered materials in chronological order. It has the advantages of both chronological and biographical style, with detailed notes and easy reading. It was founded in Yuan Shu Zi Zhi Tong Jian in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Extended data:

Introduction to history books:

1, Shangshu

Shangshu is listed as one of the important core Confucian classics, and "Shang" means "Shang". Shangshu is an ancient book, a compilation of China's ancient historical documents and some works tracing back ancient deeds.

The earliest title of Shangshu was Shu, which was written in the first five centuries. The traditional Shangshu (also known as Jinwen Shangshu) was handed down by Fu Sheng. Legend is left over from the "Three Graves and Five Codes" of ancient culture.

Twenty-eight pieces of Shangshu dictated by Fu Sheng, a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, are modern versions of Shangshu. When King Lu Gong demolished a section of the wall of Confucius' former residence, he found another piece of Shangshu, which is an ancient version of Shangshu. In the battle of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, the modern and ancient versions of Shangshu were all lost. At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Shi Meihuan of Zhang Yu presented a history book to the court, including 33 modern literature histories and 25 ancient literature pseudographs.

2. Zuo Zhuan

The Spring and Autumn Annals was originally called Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, and it was also called Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals in the Han Dynasty, and it was called Zuo Zhuan only after the Han Dynasty.

According to legend, Zuo Zhuan is a historical book annotated by Zuo Qiuming, a native of Lu, at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. It is also called "Three Biographies of Spring and Autumn Period" together with Biography of Ram and Biography of Gu Liang.

It is also China's first detailed chronicle work, with a total of 35 volumes. It is one of the Confucian classics and the longest of the Thirteen Classics. It is listed as a classic in Sikuquanshu. It covers the period from 722 BC (the year of Luyin) to 468 BC (the 27th year of Lu Daogong).

3. Warring States policy

The Warring States Policy is a national historical work, also known as the national policy. It recorded the major events of Western Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Chu Dynasty, Zhao Dynasty, Wei Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Yan Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Wei Dynasty and Zhongshan, about 240 years ago.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang found six kinds of manuscripts of military strategists in the Royal Library when sorting out books, but the contents were confusing and the words were incomplete. So Liu Xiang compiled the Warring States Policy according to the country.

Therefore, it is obvious that the Warring States Policy was not written by one person at a time, and Liu Xiang was only the reviser and editor of the Warring States Policy. Because most of his books recorded the political opinions and diplomatic strategies of various countries in the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty, supplemented by the expositions of strategists, Liu Xiang named this book Warring States Policy, which was also called the Warring States Period by historians.

4. History of the Three Kingdoms

One of the Twenty-four Histories, written by Chen Shou, a historian in the Western Jin Dynasty, records the biographical national history of Wei, Shu and Wu in the Three Kingdoms period in China, and is one of the top four histories in the twenty-four histories.

At that time, Wei and Wu had historical books, such as Official Book, Personal Book and Official Book. These three books should be the basic materials on which Chen Shou relies.

Shu has no official position in history, so it has only 15 volumes.

Chen Shou began to work in Shu, but was rejected by eunuchs. After Shu was demoted to gold, he worked as a writer. He was demoted many times in his later years and was repeatedly criticized. After ten years of hard work, he completed the biographical historical masterpiece "The History of the Three Kingdoms".

The History of the Three Kingdoms is also the most special one in the twenty-fifth history, because it is too brief, and it does not record the lineages of princes and princes, nor does it record the ambitions in economy, geography, official positions, rites and music, legal calendar, etc., which does not conform to the norms of general official history established by Historical Records and Hanshu.

Baidu encyclopedia-history books

Baidu Encyclopedia-History of the Three Kingdoms