Chapter 27, 19 foreign policy in the 1960s and 1970s, section 1 1, Far East:

In the Far East, the main targets of Russian diplomacy are China and Japan. 1858, Russia and China signed a border demarcation treaty, and Amur was allocated to Russia. 1860, the Beijing Treaty was signed, and the Wusuli River area was allocated to Russia.

Chapter 32, 19 Foreign Policy in 1980s and 1990s, Section 5, Partition of China and Russia:

After Japan's victory in the war against China, Russian-Chinese relations have improved. 1896, Russia and China signed an alliance treaty of 15, and obtained the lease for building the Middle East railway from Chita to Vladivostok via Manzhouli ... Due to the bad relationship with Japan, Russia cannot use Japanese ports, so the Russian government considers the feasibility of obtaining an ice-free port in the Far East ... in its relationship with China. The tough views of the minister of army and navy prevailed. 1897, the Russian fleet entered Lushun port. In March 5438+0898, under the pressure of Russia, the China government leased it to Russia to build the southern part of Liaodong Peninsula, including Lushun and Dalian. So far, Russia has obtained an ice-free port in the Pacific Ocean, but at the cost of deteriorating relations between Russia and Japan and weakening the Sino-Russian alliance.