What is a pressure sensor?
Pressure sensor is a kind of equipment that measures the pressure of gas and liquid and converts the measurement results into electrical signals for display. This equipment is widely used in industrial fields, such as water conservancy, transportation, construction, machine tools and other industries. The traditional pressure sensor is mainly composed of large devices, and the pressure is measured by the shape change of elastic elements. This kind of sensor is big and heavy, so it is inconvenient to use. With the rapid development of science and technology, semiconductor pressure sensor came into being, which has lighter weight, higher accuracy and stronger environmental adaptability, and gradually replaced the traditional pressure sensor.
Introduction of types and working principles of pressure sensors
Resistance strain pressure sensor, piezoresistive pressure sensor, semiconductor strain pressure sensor, capacitive pressure sensor and inductive pressure sensor all belong to one kind of pressure sensor. The basic principles of these sensors are the same, but the components and methods used to sense pressure are different. Piezoresistive pressure sensors are the most widely used because of their low price and good performance.
★? Working principle of strain pressure sensor
The strain gauge of this pressure sensor is mainly a resistance strain gauge, which is mainly composed of a metal wire and a lead wire. The shape and length of metal wire will change once it is subjected to external force, which will directly cause the increase or decrease of resistance, and then the change of resistance will be converted into electrical signal output, which is the desired measurement result.
★? Working principle of ceramic pressure sensor
Ceramics have good elasticity, impact resistance, wear resistance and stable performance, and are ideal materials for pressure sensors. This sensor uses ceramics as a sensitive diaphragm to sense the change of pressure. The ceramic diaphragm conducts the induced pressure to the resistor, so that the resistor changes, and the change of the resistor is converted into an electrical signal for output. Ceramic pressure sensor has high measurement accuracy and low price, and its rapid development will gradually replace other sensors.
★? Working principle of piezoelectric pressure sensor
The piezoelectric material of this kind of sensor is usually Synchro, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sodium tartrate. These materials will cause the change of electric field under the action of external force. The sensor senses the change of electric field and then converts this change into a measurement result. This is the working principle of piezoelectric pressure sensor. This kind of sensor has limited use and can only be used to measure dynamic stress, but has no effect on static stress. Therefore, piezoelectric pressure sensors are mostly used to measure the dynamic pressure of automobiles, airplanes and so on.
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