The Second Dynasty in China's History

Shang Dynasty (about 1600 BC-about 1046 BC) is the second dynasty in China history, and it is also the first dynasty with direct written records of the same period in China. The Shang Dynasty experienced three main stages. The first stage is "the first venture"; The second stage is "early business"; The third stage was the "Late Shang Dynasty", which lasted for more than 500 years from 17 to 3 1 Wang.

Shang clan, the ancestor of Shang, is a tribe rising in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. According to legend, its ancestor Qi was contemporary with Yu. Shang Tang, the monarch of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, led Fang to establish Shang Dynasty in Bo after the Xia Dynasty was destroyed by the Battle of Mingtiao. After that, the capital of Shang Dynasty moved frequently, and it was not until its descendant Pan Geng moved to Yin that it was founded in Yin for 273 years. Therefore, Shang Dynasty was called Yin or Yin Shang by later generations. After Pan Geng's death, his younger brother Xiao Xin succeeded to the throne. After Xiao Xin died, he passed it on to Emperor Xiao Yi. After Xiao Yi's death, his son Wu Ding was founded. The fifty years of Wu Ding's rule was the most prosperous period of Shang Dynasty. Di Xin, the last monarch of Shang Dynasty, set himself on fire after being defeated by Zhou Wuwang in the battle of Makino.

The system of succession to the throne in North Korea was characterized by brothers and sisters in the early stage, and it was characterized by typical father's death and son's succession in the later stage. The Shang Dynasty was in the heyday of slavery, the state power was initially established in the Tang Dynasty, and the social order of slavery was relatively stable. Slave owners and nobles are the ruling class, forming a huge bureaucracy and army. Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen are the earliest systematic characters in China.

There are many Fang countries far behind the Shang Dynasty scattered inside and outside the sphere of influence of Shang Dynasty. Among them, the tongue, ghost, soil and Qiang in the northwest and north are the most powerful. During the Shang Dynasty, there were also developed non-Central Plains civilizations in the Yangtze River basin.