Besides ceremonial shooting, aristocratic youth learn "big dance" and "small dance" in dance, singing and playing musical instruments in music, and theoretical knowledge about music and dance, among which dance education is an important part.
The objects of rites and music education in Zhou Dynasty were royal family members and aristocratic children. Generally speaking, the learning of ritual dance begins at the age of 13 and reaches maturity at the age of 20, and the learning stages are arranged according to age.
/kloc-After 0/3 years old, aristocratic children mainly study "small dance", music and poetry recitation, focusing on "literature"; /kloc-after 0/5, he mainly studied elephant dance, archery and driving, with emphasis on martial arts. At the age of 20, I mainly studied "big dance" and various sacrificial ceremonies. Assuming that each of these contents takes three years to complete, it will take about 10 years to "complete" by the age of 22.
In the Zhou Dynasty, six kinds of "small dances" were used as "teaching materials" for music and dance education, namely, cloud dance, human dance, emperor dance, feather dance, dance and dry dance.
The names of the six small dances are named in contrast to the six big dances. Like "big dance", "small dance" is also a kind of sacrificial music and dance. There have always been different opinions about the specific performance forms and sacrificial objects of these six "small dances", and later Confucian scholars have also roughly outlined a general outline.
Among them, the legend of "Cloud Dance" is a music and dance offering sacrifices to Hou Ji, and its root is the music and dance offering sacrifices to the "Cloud" totem by the Huangdi tribe. The dancers danced with "Bi" in their hands. One way of saying "flying" is colorful Dai, that is, organizing with silk strips and picking props on poles, but it is also said that it is made of bird feathers.
The legend of "human dance" is a dance offering sacrifices to ancestral temples or stars. It does not use props, but takes sleeves as "dignity". There is a saying that it may come from gestures that imitate the movements of birds and animals.
Later, a clay figurine of a female dancer of the Zhou Dynasty was unearthed in Henan Province. Her sleeves hung down and her hands were slightly raised, as if in prayer. The dancer looks very serious.
There is also a jade dancer from the Zhou Dynasty. She is a double figure with long sleeves and distinct curves. Maybe she added the concept of entertaining god to the "dignity" of sleeves. Although the images of these two dancers are not sure to be the records of people's dancing, they can provide some impressions of sleeve dancing in Zhou Dynasty.
"Emperor Dance" is a dance for rain. Legend has it that ancient ancestors would cover their feathers and pray for rain from the gods. There was a "small dance" in the Yin and Shang Dynasties.
It is said that when aristocratic children learn and perform this dance. Wear colorful feathers, such as the color of the phoenix, a hat made of feathers, and jade feathers on the clothes. In this way, it should be a kind of beautiful music and dance, which also proves that Zhou people inherited the ceremony of sacrificing sheep and praying for rain in Yin and Shang dynasties, and even worshipped it more than Yin and Shang people.
"Feather Dance" dancers dance with white bird feathers and offer sacrifices to all directions. Its origin has a certain relationship with the rain-seeking dance in Yin and Shang Dynasties. There is also a saying that people dance with pheasant tails in their hands, that is, colorful bird feathers.
Xi dance is a sacrificial ceremony in Zhou Dynasty universities. Dancers dance with yak tails. Some dance historians believe that the "props" used in this dance may be dance tools decorated with oxtails, not real oxtails.
The origin of "Luo Dance" is said to be "Ge Zhile", that is, the music and dance of "Fuck the oxtail and vote for its feet with songs" recorded in ancient books. During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, there was a "ritual dance", in which oxtail was held in hand to pray for rain and worship the ancestors. The "Luo Dance" of the Zhou Dynasty should be related to this!
Dancers in "Dry Dance" dance with shields and offer sacrifices to mountains and rivers. The music and dance of educating aristocratic children in the Zhou Dynasty included dancing spoon and dancing elephant. According to the ancient book "Zhou Li Musicians":
It refers to the dances taught when I was young. The internal regulations say: thirteen spoonfuls of dances, dancing like an adult child, and twenty "big summer" dances.
This document shows that "dancing spoon" is homophonic with "big spoon" dedicated to Shun Di. Later, a picture of dancing spoon in Qing Dynasty also confirmed this point. In this picture, there are two boys dancing vividly. One of them, with a cockroach in his hand, walked step by step with vivid gestures.
This just shows that the dance spoon is a kind of "bang" literary dance. The dancer holds a weapon similar to Ge, raises his head and lifts his legs, which seems to hide and stop, and forms a gesture echo with the "dancer with musical instrument". This shows that "Dance Spoon" and "Dance Elephant" are literary dances and martial dances used to educate aristocratic children over 65,438+03 and 65,438+05 respectively in the Zhou Dynasty.
Dance elephant is also an important sacrificial dance in Zhou Dynasty. It is said that at the end of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Ji Zha, the son of the State of Wu, watched in Lu, and his first dance was called Elephant Arrow. According to textual research, this elephant arrow is a dancing elephant.
Because "hairpin" is a kind of dance pole, which is the same as the props in "Dance Elephant". However, the purpose of dancing elephants has always been different. There is a saying that dance is like music and dance originated in Zhou Wenwang, and some people say it is the same as Dawu.
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