(1) Pliocene; Myths and legends
(2) Pre-Qin period: Prose (historical prose, various schools of thought prose)
(3) Han Dynasty: the historical prose of Yuefu folk songs.
(4) Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: poetry, etc.
(5) Tang Dynasty: Poetry
(6) Song Dynasty: Ci
(7) Yuan Dynasty: Qu
(8) Ming and Qing Dynasties: novels
02. Ancient myths and legends
(1) The so-called myth is the interpretation and description of the artistic significance that ancient people imagined for the natural and social phenomena they contacted.
Collective oral creation.
(2) the main contents of ancient myths are:
A, self-evident phenomenon: Goddess fills the sky, Nu Wa creates man, and Pangu opens the sky.
B, reflecting the struggle between man and nature: Yu manages water, Hou Yi shoots the sun, and Jing Wei fills the sea.
C. Reflecting social warfare: The Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou.
(3) Main works recording ancient myths: Huai Nan Zi, Shan Hai Jing, Zhuangzi, etc.
03. China's first collection of poems, The Book of Songs.
(1) The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, with 305 poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period.
(2) In the pre-Qin period, The Book of Songs was collectively referred to as The Book of Songs or The Three Hundred Poems. It was not until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that Confucianism regarded it as a classic and named it The Book of Songs.
(3) The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode. The form is mainly four words, and the current methods are "Fu", "Bi" and "Xing".
(4) The Book of Songs includes: Shuoshu, Getan, Guanju and so on.
(5) The Book of Songs laid a realistic foundation for China's classical poetry.
(6) The famous sentence in The Book of Songs: Stones from other mountains can attack jade | The speaker is not guilty, and the speaker is forbidden.
If you don't see Sanqiu Xi | for a day, there is no beginning for decadence, and there is a beginning for fresh grams.
Qu Yuan, the first great patriotic poet in China.
(1) Qu Yuan, whose real name is Ping, was born in Chu State during the Warring States Period. He "learned and memorized, and used words when he knew how to deal with chaos", and politically advocated learning.
Statue, United against Qin, was opposed by conservatives and exiled twice (former-Hanbei; After-Jiangnan Dongting). In the summer of 278 BC
On May 5th, he died in Miluo River.
(2) Qu Yuan was the first great patriotic poet in China, and his poems expressed the feelings of worrying about the country and the people and the resentment of the top gun.
Famous articles include: Li Sao, Tian Wen and Nine Chapters and Nine Songs.
(3) "Li Sao" is a masterpiece of Qu Yuan, an immortal masterpiece of romanticism and the first lyric poem in ancient China (the first narrative poem is
Peacocks flew southeast in Han Dynasty). The famous sentence in the poem is: It's a long way, but this is Xiu Yuan, so I will do it from top to bottom. It laid the foundation of China's classicism.
Romantic basis of poetry.
(4) China is called coquettish in the history of poetry. "Feng" refers to the national style of The Book of Songs, and "Sao" refers to Li Sao, both of which represent literature.
05. China's second collection of poems-Songs of the South.
(1) The Songs of Chu is a new poetic style created by Chu people headed by Qu Yuan on the basis of their own folk songs during the Warring States Period.
(2) The Songs of Chu is a collection of poems by Liu Xiang, a Han Chinese, which includes the poems of Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Dong Fangshuo of Han Dynasty, Huainan Mountain and himself.
It is another collection of poems after The Book of Songs, with a total of 17 poems, of which Qu Yuan's works account for the vast majority.
06, pre-Qin historical prose
(1) Shangshu: A book of ancient times, recording ancient history, from Tang Yu to Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The author is unknown. Imamura
(2) The Spring and Autumn Annals: China's first chronological history book, covering more than 240 years of history from Lu Yingong to Ai Lu.
Editor of Confucius. Simple and easy to remember, similar to the current news headlines.
(3) Zuo Zhuan: China's first chronological history book, written in the Spring and Autumn Period, recorded 13 years more than in the Spring and Autumn Period.
The writer is Lu historian Zuo Qiuming.
(4) Mandarin: The earliest national history book in China, which was spread from Zuo Qiuming to Zhou Zhending from Zhou Muwang, has been more than 500 years.
(5) National Policy: Also known as the Warring States Policy, it is a compilation of historical materials during the Warring States Period and a national history book with 12 policies and 33 articles. Editor Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty.
(6) Famous sentence: All bets are off | All bets are off, and humility benefits | Car dependence, death of lips and cold teeth.
To err is human. It is never too late to forget the past.
07. Prose of Pre-Qin philosophers
(1) Analects of Confucius: Confucian classics. Compiled by Confucius disciples. Reflecting Confucius Thought (Rule of Rites), 20 articles.
Confucius, a native of Shandong, was the founder of Confucianism.
(2) Mencius: a Confucian classic. Mencius, reflecting Mencius' thoughts (benevolent governance), 7 articles.
Mencius, Minke, Zi Yuzi and Lu Guoren are important figures in Confucianism.
(3) Xunzi: Confucian works. Xunzi, reflecting Xunzi's thought (materialism), 32 articles.
Xunzi is the last representative of Confucianism, and his name is Xun Qing.
(4) Mozi: an important work of Mohism. Written by Mozi and his disciples, reflecting Mozi's thought (universal love), 53 articles.
Mozi, Ming Zhai, was born in Lu, the founder of mohists.
(5) Laozi: the Taoist classic Tao Te Ching. Lao Tzu Reflects Old Ideas (Doing Nothing) Chapter 8 1
Laozi, whose real name is Bai Yang, is the founder of Taoism.
(6) Zhuangzi: The South China Classic, a Taoist classic, reflects Zhuangzi Thought (pure inaction), with 33 articles.
Zhuangzi, a famous Zhou, was born in Song Dynasty and an important figure in Taoism.
(7) The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is an important work of Legalists. Han Fei, reflecting Han Fei's thought (rule of law), 55 articles.
Han Fei is a master of pre-Qin legalists.
(8) The Art of War, written by Sun Tzu. China's first book on military theory, 13.
Sun Tzu, a famous martial artist, was named Changqing, a native of Qi, and an ancient strategist in China.
(9) Lu Lan: namely "Lu Chunqiu", a masterpiece of saints. Written by Master Ji, 160 articles.
Korean businessmen used to be the prime minister of Qin.
(10) famous sentence: If you want to achieve it, you must sharpen your tools first | The three armed forces can win the handsome position, but ordinary people can't win the ambition |
Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous | an upright man is open and poised is a man, and villains are often together |
Do as you would be done by. Change it if you have it. If you don't, encourage you. Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions.
Perseverance, a stone can be carved | A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step | Skynet is long, but it doesn't leak |
Know yourself and know yourself before you can fight a hundred battles | The embankment of a thousand miles will collapse in the nest | Know yourself and know yourself, and you will fight a hundred battles |
A river spring water will not rot, and a person without foresight will have immediate worries. He never tires of learning and teaching.
Born in sorrow, died in happiness | More help is tolerable, but less help is impossible |
Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent.
08. Jia Yi, a famous writer in Han Dynasty.
(1) Jia Yi was an outstanding politician and writer in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. Jia Sheng and Jia Changsha died at the age of 33.
(2) Jia Yi's famous essays are: On Qin, On Accumulation and Storage, and Chen Zheng's Poems.
Jia Yi's famous ci poems are: Diaoqu Fuyuan and Bird Fu.
(3) Jia Yi has 58 articles, which were compiled by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty as new books.
09. Three stages of the development of Han Fu and its main writers.
(1) "Fu" is a style between poetry and prose. It belongs to verse.
(2) During the formative period (early Han Dynasty-Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty), most of them wrote "Sao Style Fu" about grief and indignation, including Jia Yi's "Diao Qu Yuan Fu" and Mei Cheng's "Qi Mao".
In its heyday (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty-Shun Di), most of them praised the virtues of Da Fu, including Zi Xu Shang Fu Lin by Sima Xiangru and Da Fu by Ban Gu.
The Fu of Two Capitals and the Fu of Ganquan by Yang Xiong.
During the transitional period (Shun Di, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty-the end of the Han Dynasty), most of them were lyrical "small fu" with little space, including Zhang Heng's "Erjing Fu" and Cai Yong's "Shuxing Fu".
(3) The "Four Masters of Han Fu" are: Yang Xiong, Sima Xiangru, Ban Gu and Zhang Heng.
10, Sima Qian and Historical Records
(1) Sima Qian was a famous historian and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Began to wander at the age of twenty. At the age of 32, my stepfather was appointed Tai Shijing, and I started at the age of 42.
Started writing Historical Records. Later, Li Ling (Li Guang's grandson) offended Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was imprisoned. After he got out of prison, he made a fuss and wrote a book.
It took me ten years to complete Historical Records.
(2) Historical Records, also known as Taishi Gongshu, is the first biographical general history in China. The whole book consists of 130 articles, with more than 520,000 words, and is divided into columns (12).
Shi Jia (30), Biography (70), Book (8) and Table (10) recorded the history of 3,000 years from Huangdi to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
(3) Historical Records is not only a masterpiece of history, but also a masterpiece of literature. Lu Xun praised it as "a masterpiece of historians, leaving Sao without rhyme"
(4) Sima Qian also wrote eight poems and famous prose "Bao Ren An Shu".
(5) A famous saying: A drop of water leads to a thousand miles of error | Don't talk about peaches and plums, learn from others | No matter how smart you are, you may think about it | If you don't talk about it, it will be a blockbuster |
Good medicine tastes bitter and is good for illness, but advice when most unpleasant is good for action |
1 1, Ban Gu and Hanshu
(1) Ban Gu, also known as Meng Jian, was a historian and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His father Ban Biao once wrote Biography of Historical Records. Ban Gu was once imprisoned, and his younger brother Ban Chao took his place.
After he was released from prison, he was appointed as the historical director of Lantai and entrusted to write history. More than 20 years later, he finished Hanshu.
(2) Hanshu is a biographical dynastic history (Western Han Dynasty). There are 100 articles in the whole book, which are divided into emperor's memoirs (12), biographies (70) and tables (8).
Historical Records (10) records the history of 229 years from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to Wang Mang.
(3) Ban Gu was also a famous poet in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
(4) famous sentence: rope saws wood, and drops of water wear through it. It's better to retreat and form a net.
There is no fish in clear water, and there is no disciple when people look at it.
12, Han Yuefu folk songs
(1) Yuefu was a musical institution in the Han Dynasty. Its tasks are twofold: first, to create and play poems praising literati; Second, collect them.
Folk songs. Later, Yuefu became synonymous with folk songs.
(2) The greatest feature of Yuefu folk songs is that they write about real life and are narrative.
(3) Representative works of Yuefu folk songs: On Mulberry, Peacock Flying Southeast, Long Songs, etc.
(4) Peacock Flying Southeast is China's first narrative poem (the first lyric poem is Li Sao), which is similar to Mulan Poem in the Northern Dynasties.
Together, it is called "Yuefu Shuangbi".