The history of international relations is a subject that studies the comprehensive development history of political, diplomatic, economic, military and cultural relations between countries and groups of countries in the world. The research object of the history of modern international relations is the international relations between the world's major countries and groups of countries in the past three centuries from the beginning of the British bourgeois revolution in 1640 to the end of the First World War in 19 18. It mainly reflects the emergence, development and competition of capitalism from Europe, the struggle of capitalist countries for maritime and commercial advantages, European hegemony and world hegemony; The history of major European capitalist countries and groups of countries fighting for national independence in the world. It involves three periods of capitalist development: primitive accumulation of capital period, free capitalism period and monopoly capitalism period. There are three main clues: (1) the political and diplomatic relations between major European countries for the hegemony of Europe and the world; (2) The relationship between the major capitalist countries in Europe, America and Japan, their expansion to Asia, Africa, North and South America, their occupation of colonies, and their struggle and compromise; (3) The so-called "Oriental Problem" formed when European powers competed for the Middle East and the Near East in order to carve up the heritage of the Ottoman Empire.