In 369 AD, Huan Wen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty led an army to attack Yan Qian, and together with his younger brother Mu Rongchui defeated the 8 Jin Army in xiang yuan. After Mu Rongchui defected to Fu Jian, the former king of Qin, De Zuolian was dismissed. Qian Qin destroyed Yan Qian and he was moved to Chang 'an. After the Battle of Feishui, Mu Rongchui became the king, which was later built and became the capital of Zhongshan. Murong Bao succeeded to the throne, taking Murongde Town as Yecheng, in charge of the southern border.
In 397, Wei Jun captured Zhongshan, Murong Bao ran to Longcheng, and Houyan was cut in half.
In 398, Murong De led many people to migrate to the sliding platform and became the Prince of Yan, known as Southern Yan in history. The sliding platform is located between the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it is attacked on both sides. Southern Yan could control less than 10, and the sliding platform was once occupied by Wei Jun, so Murong De moved eastward to seize Qingzhou and became emperor in 400 years. Yuguanggu has its capital. Ordered to check the account, shady households 58 thousand. Southern Yan has 370,000 infantry and 53,000 fighters. Germany died, and my brother and son succeeded to the throne. In 4 10, it was destroyed by Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
He ascended the throne in 398 and reigned for 8 years. He is from Changli, the youngest son of Mr. Murong, the former owner of Yan, and the younger brother of the latter owner. The former Yan called Liang Gong and Wang, and the later Yan called Wang. After the fall of the Northern Wei Dynasty, after Zhongshan, the capital of Yan, Murong De led many people to Ye and moved to slide the platform. He became king in 398 and moved to Guanggu in 400.
Murongde Mausoleum
Taking stock of the potential archaeological resources in Qingzhou in the historical period, the MuRongDe Tomb in Southern Yan in the Sixteen Kingdoms Period, the Cui Shi Family Tomb in the Sui and Tang Dynasties in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Prime Minister Wang Tomb in the Tang Dynasty came to my mind from time to time, and MuRongDe Mausoleum was the most fascinating one. This paper is the author's scientific research achievement in exploring Murong De's mausoleum for many years. It has been revealed that the main peak of the whole Piantou Mountain is the secret burial tomb of Murong De, a Xianbei people and emperor of Southern Yan. The longitudinal split of the Toutou Mountain was a destructive measure taken by Emperor Wu of Song for the political purpose of strengthening the rule after the demise of Southern Yan. This conclusion is under the guidance of rigorous and realistic academic spirit, from the perspective of combining history, archaeology, Buddhism and geomantic omen, starting with literature records and field visits. On the basis of detailed textual research on the location, site selection concept, tomb nature, tomb specifications, tomb shape, tomb age, historical background, secret burial characteristics, thin burial connotation, owner's belief, burial method, tomb destruction, circumstantial evidence and folk proverbs, according to the majestic momentum of the Buddha's head and jaw in Qingzhou where the tomb is located, and the existing virtual burial tomb of Murong De before the Yuan Dynasty in Qingzhou-
The discovery of Murong Deling has greatly narrowed the distance between us and the historical truth, which has exciting archaeological value and academic significance:
First, it solved an eternal mystery in the history of China. Murongde, a hero in troubled times, is an emperor famous for his mysterious burial methods in history. History records that after his death, there were more than ten coffins buried in the valley in four doors at night, but I don't know where his body is. 1600 years ago, the owner of the tomb of Toutou Mountain was concentrated on Murong De, which not only confirmed the authenticity of the official documents such as The Book of Jin, The Sixteen Kingdoms in the Spring and Autumn Period and Taiping Palace, but also made up for their serious shortcomings, which is of great historical significance for solving historical unsolved cases and clearing the historical fog.
Secondly, this is the first secret burial tomb of emperors discovered in China, which not only fills an important gap in the system of hidden burial and virtual burial of emperors in the Sixteen Kingdoms period, but also fills a gap that has not been seen in Southern Yan tombs so far. What is particularly commendable is that Murong De's thin burial with mountains as the mausoleum and coffins as the coffins is an unprecedented new discovery in the history of ancient tombs in China. This imperial burial system, which was only recorded in literature in the past, was finally embodied and verified in Murong De Ling. Moreover, Murong Deli's coffin burial style shown in the tomb form can only be seen in the burial system of ancient emperors in China, thus greatly enriching the research content of ancient funeral culture in China.
Thirdly, it shows the vivid and precious examples of the ancient emperors in China who believed in Buddhism. Murong De's secret burial of the head of the Buddha in Qingzhou Mountain eloquently shows that he followed the Buddha into the realm of nirvana, and his unique coffin burial style is also the meaning of rebirth after death. At the same time, it ironically proves that the head of Qingzhou Mountain Buddha was known in Southern Yan at the latest, thus rewriting its discovery history and pushing the discovery time from Beiqi to nearly one and a half centuries. This led to a comprehensive understanding and re-study of the head of Qingzhou Mountain Buddha. The true face of this mysterious giant Buddha's head will gradually be clearly displayed to the world.
Fourthly, it reflects the high development level of geomantic omen science during the Sixteen Countries Period and shows the extraordinary achievements of ancient geomantic omen culture. Murong De secretly buried the head of Qingzhou Mountain Buddha, which shows that the emperor's hidden burial system at that time paid great attention to site selection. Especially from the archaeological relationship between Gong Xuan and the vertical seam in the emperor's mausoleum, it can be seen that this vertical seam, which was dug to destroy the heroic spirit of Emperor Murong De, is an extremely rare typical example of winning art in ancient China. Archaeological findings show that the longitudinal fissure of the split mountain is not naturally formed, but artificially excavated, which not only solves the historical suspense that has long troubled people about the cause of the longitudinal fissure, but also reflects the sharp contradiction of the Han, Xianbei and Beiwei nationalities during the great ethnic integration of the Sixteen Countries.
In a word, the discovery and appraisal of Murong Mausoleum has great academic research value in history, archaeology, Buddhism, geomantic omen and other aspects, as well as the tourism resource value and social and economic benefits brought by it. The emperor is the king of a country, and the Buddha is a master of Buddhism, which is quite commendable. Murong De secretly buried the head of Qingzhou Mountain Buddha, which realized the perfect combination of the supreme emperor and the boundless Buddha. This is a truly supreme and unique miracle on the earth, and it will surely shine with the light of Chinese civilization that has shocked the ages! This precious cultural heritage is a blessing that our national culture will always be proud of!
Mr. Li Xueqin, a senior professor in Tsinghua University and former director of the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out: What is a major archaeological discovery? It is not how many treasures have been found, but whether we can change our understanding of an archaeological culture in a region and a historical period. The master is absolutely right! Murong Deling is such a major archaeological discovery. Although the Xuangong of the mausoleum has been destroyed and stolen, its archaeological value is extremely high, its academic content is extremely rich and it has very precious historical and cultural information.