# Exam # Introduction It was learned from Shanghai Education Examinations Institute that on the morning of May 9, 20021,the history subject of Shanghai ordinary high school level examination was successfully opened. After the examination, the Municipal Education Examinations Institute invited experts and scholars to make an in-depth evaluation of the history examination paper from the aspects of examination content, examination paper structure, subject characteristics and teaching orientation. Details are as follows:

Deeply cultivate the feelings of home and country through ancient and modern China and foreign countries.

Experts agree that the test paper is short and pithy, the situation is rich and colorful, the examination forms are diverse, and the knowledge is comprehensive. On the whole, the examination paper embodies the characteristics of "cultivating the feelings of home and country, implementing the method of learning history and connecting social changes", which is embodied in the following aspects:

First, respond to the nodes of the times and cultivate feelings of home and country.

This year marks the centenary of the founding of China, and it is also a year of in-depth study and education on the history of the Party in China. The examination question "A Hundred Years of Great Achievements" cleverly responded to the nodes of the times. By restoring the glorious course of China leading the people of China to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the past 100 years, focusing on the major events of democratic revolution and socialist revolution construction, candidates can construct historical context, sum up historical laws, understand the great achievements in the past 100 years, and then understand the victory of the new-democratic revolution, the exploration of China's socialist road and Socialism with Chinese characteristics's great achievements. Based on the relationship between historical time and space and major historical events, this topic shows the glorious course of China leading the people of China to carry out revolution and construction, highlights the important historical significance of enriching the socialist connotation in the great practice of China Revolution, answers the epochal propositions of why China can, why Marxism can and why Socialism with Chinese characteristics is good, and implements the fundamental task of discipline education in the new era.

Second, pay attention to historical trends and implement methods of learning history.

Historical materials are the basis for understanding and interpreting history. History teaching in middle schools requires candidates to compare and analyze historical materials from different sources and viewpoints, and to form their own opinions on the basis of distinguishing the author's intentions. Interpreting historians' viewpoints as historical materials can not only enrich teaching resources and broaden historical horizons, but also guide candidates to understand the objectivity of historical development and the subjectivity of historical interpretation from the interpretation of viewpoints and their collision and continuation, so as to implement the methods of learning history and improve their ability to learn history. The comprehensive topic "The Beginning of the Modern History of the World" focuses on the key nodes of the development of world history, selects typical academic viewpoints in the field of historiography, and requires refining the essence of viewpoints, judging the formation basis, comparing similarities and differences, and analyzing the reasons. It not only examines the information extraction and generalization of the text structure and argumentation logic, but also examines the candidates' explanatory ability from the outside to the inside and from the objective to the subjective. This topic focuses on discriminating and judging historical viewpoints with critical thinking, which is helpful for candidates to dialectically interpret historians' viewpoints, fully understand historical trends and accurately understand historical concepts.

Third, emphasize the consistency perspective and pay attention to social change.

It is the general requirement of history teaching to guide candidates to use the basic position, viewpoint and method of historical materialism, grasp important historical events, understand the change and continuation, inheritance and development, causality in the historical process, and construct the relationship between historical development and the overall trend of historical development. The comprehensive topic "Time Changes" takes China's two social transformations in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period as an incision, and selects various types of materials such as schematic diagrams, objects, documents and tables to ask questions at different levels. This topic covers the core knowledge such as the economic and social changes in ancient China and the humiliation and struggle in modern China. In terms of methods, the ability of candidates to extract and interpret information from different types of historical materials has been tested. The cultivation of literacy will compare the past and the present, guide candidates to examine and reflect in the integration of the past and the present, draw historical nutrition and pay attention to the historical changes of China society, which embodies the historical materialism of the interaction between economic base and superstructure, and has profound social practical significance.