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Comparison of traditional and modern wedding procedures and customs in China
The ancient marriage system in China was founded by the Zhou Dynasty and was a part of the "ceremony" system. They formulated three principles of marriage: parents' orders, matchmakers' words and the same surname. There were also official media in the Zhou Dynasty, specializing in judging cases. Marriage follows the "six rites" procedure, and divorce follows the principles of "three noes" and "seven noes". As far as the "six rites" of the marriage system are concerned, it can be divided into six procedures: accepting the lottery, asking the name, Naji, accepting the marriage, asking the date and welcoming the bride in person. Among them, the wedding ceremony is more complicated. The Book of Rites says that the man is required to go to the woman's ancestral hall first, and then take the woman to the man's house by car. The ceremony of having a meal and a glass of wine with the couple is a necessary condition to complete the wedding. In addition, there is a saying that "married as husband and wife", which also started from the Zhou Dynasty. The formation of these systems and customs, after many dynasties, has been passed down to this day. Second, people in the Han Dynasty regarded the wedding as a very solemn thing, just as they regarded the blood relationship between countries as an alliance and brothers as an alliance, and engagement was an oath. Breaking this eternal agreement will at least be punished morally, so the oath has the nature of a spell. Han people teach heaven by human beings, and everything in nature is born from the sun and the earth. Men and women are the yin and yang poles of society, the origin of human beings and the starting point of all ethics. The complete wedding custom includes the pre-wedding ceremony (taking → asking the name → Naji → taking → invitation meeting); Wedding ceremony (pro-welcoming → female ceremony → marriage → arranging the rest); The ceremony after marriage is also called adult ceremony (a woman sees her aunt → marries her aunt → feeds her aunt). According to some literary works, people in the Han Dynasty built tents with green curtains and held sacrificial ceremonies. The article Shi Shuo Xin Yu. "Illusion" records: "When Wei Wu was young, he competed with Yuan Shao to be a ranger. Seeing that people are married, they sneak into the host's garden and cry at night:' There is a thief!' Everyone in Lu Qing is gone. Wei Wu came in and pulled out a knife to rob the bride. "In addition, the color of the wedding dress is black and yellow. At the same time, there is also the custom of making trouble in the bridal chamber, but at first it means exorcism. Thirdly, the Tang Dynasty was a very prosperous time in the history of China. It is more open in clothing and people's minds. Compared with the previous generation, wedding customs tend to be simplified, but they still follow the inheritance system. Generally speaking, a wedding includes six steps, namely, accepting gifts, asking names, accepting gifts, inviting guests and welcoming relatives. This is the so-called "six ceremonies".

Donna's collection includes Albizia Albizia, Jiahe, Ejiao, Jiuzipu, Zhu Wei, Shuangshi, cotton wool, evergreen, dry paint and so on, each with different meanings. When the bride arrives at the groom's house, people below her parents will go out the small door and come back from the gate, which means following in the footsteps of the bride. In the Tang Dynasty, the bride should not only bow to her in-laws and her husband's elders, but also bow to the guests attending the ceremony, which is called "bow ceremony". There is also the custom of making trouble in the bridal chamber. In the Tang Dynasty, it was called "playing girl", and then the newlyweds entered the bridal chamber (the groom entered the bridal chamber backwards) to drink acacia wine, which was later called "drinking". In the process of greeting each other, brides always use a cover, a curtain cap, a soap bar or a fan, which are collectively called "hijab". In the Tang Dynasty, women often used two kinds of fans for marriage, namely, ten thousand fans and folding fans, so the bridal chamber was fixed on love, which was called "lack of fans" in the old saying. The word "Zanhua wedding dress" is the best interpretation of the wedding dress in Tang Dynasty. Gorgeous and exquisite is the main theme, men's colors are scarlet and women's colors are turquoise. Fourthly, some new customs appeared in the wedding ceremony in Song Dynasty on the basis of Tang Dynasty. Because the commodity economy is relatively developed, when discussing marriage, we began to take care of each other's daughters-in-law and share wealth. A daughter-in-law is a blind date. The man and the woman agreed on a date to meet. If the bride is in the middle, she will put a gold hairpin in her bun, which is called "hairpin insertion". If you don't like it, give her colored satin, which is called "shocking the world" When the groom leads the float or sedan chair to the woman's house, the sedan chair wedding begins. After the bride gets on the sedan chair, there is also the custom of asking for lucky money and holding a wedding reception. Came to the door of the man's house, the bride came down, and there was a practice of "scattering corn beans" for good luck. After the bride enters the church, there is a "visit to the church" activity. Newlyweds hold "concentric knot", which was called "hug towel" in Song Dynasty. The newlyweds hold towels to worship the heavens and the earth and their ancestors first, and then enter the bridal chamber, where the husband and wife pay homage. After the worship, the couple sat on the bed and had a ceremony of "spreading the account" and "tying the bun". A bun is a knot that each newlywed cuts off a strand of hair and forms as a symbol of the wedding. After that, there will be a ceremony of picking flowers and fanning them until the candles go out. During the time when the candles are out, guests, old and young, can play practical jokes and make things difficult for new people. This is the predecessor of our "noisy bridal chamber" now. The next morning, the newlyweds paid New Year greetings to their in-laws and the wedding was over. 5. Because the Yuan Dynasty was the era when China minority was in power, and the ruling class came from the vast Mongolian grassland, the wedding ceremony inevitably had some characteristics of this minority. Generally speaking, the ruling class also continued the established system of the previous dynasty to manage. "The way of human relations begins with couples, the foundation of couples, and marriage itself" is regarded as the marriage view of people in Yuan Dynasty, which is the expression of China's marriage view in Yuan Dynasty. However, it is worth mentioning that monogamy formed by Mongols in the Yuan Dynasty also showed certain performances in this era. Due to ethnic and religious beliefs and other issues, more Han women marry ethnic minorities, while fewer Han people marry ethnic minorities, and Mongolian nobles are forbidden to marry Han people. 6. Due to the development of commodity economy in Ming Dynasty, the marriage customs have also undergone new changes. Guan Feng Xiatie and Jiupin official dress are standard wedding dresses in Ming Dynasty. Fang hired a sedan chair and played and sang in the afternoon to carry the bride to the woman's house, which was hosted by "three teas". At the same time, the woman's family should look up and down in the sedan chair with a mirror. Then light a small set of firecrackers and put them in the sedan chair, which is called "searching the sedan chair" to drive away the monsters that may be hidden in the sedan chair. Then the bride puts on new shoes, supported by the bride or carried by her brother or younger brother. When the sedan chair set out, the whip exploded, and the groom wore a champion hat, a dragon and phoenix red robe and a big red flower around his waist to marry the bride and boarded the sedan chair. This process seems familiar. Most wedding ceremonies in costume TV dramas refer to weddings of this era. 7. Weddings in Qing Dynasty are generally the inheritance of weddings in Ming Dynasty. The Qing government adopted many enlightened policies in the early stage, so most of the cultures of the former dynasties were preserved, and most of the folk marriage customs were the same as those of the Ming Dynasty. But it is different for the ruling class. According to the regulations of the Qing government, there are five satin dresses, three satin plates, one gold collar, one gold hairpin and earrings, one official ceremony, four satin dresses, and the rest are the same; Second, three satin dresses, two satin quilts, the rest with a crystal officer, and four satin dresses, one satin quilt and one gold collar, all of which are gold earrings. Then the emperor's wedding is naturally not included, and the complexity of the process is extraordinary. However, the habit of beating gongs and drums and setting off firecrackers to lift sedan chairs on the wedding day is still widely supported and recognized by the public, and it has continued to this day, so that when we mention ancient weddings, we will think of rockhopper robes, red colors and so on. However, it is a tradition of China people to use red to represent happy events. If modern innovative elements are incorporated, it will be more easily accepted by young people.

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