Firstly, the history of fingerprint identification is briefly introduced. The research of fingerprint technology with scientific significance began in the late 6th century/kloc-0. British scholar Dr. Nehemiah Grey (1641-kloc-0/712) published the world's first research paper on fingerprints in 1684, and systematically studied the ridge and valley structure of fingerprints. At this point, a lot of research work on fingerprints began to emerge, including the mechanism of fingerprint formation and mainstream fingerprint classification methods [1].

1880, Dr. Henry Faulds (1843- 1930) first proposed that fingerprints should be unique from a scientific point of view. William Herschel (1833- 1965438), who is also an assistant judge in India. At that time, Bertillon anthropometry system was the popular criminal identification technology in the field of criminal investigation, which recorded the data of people's height, weight, hip circumference, shoulder width and so on. 1903 The case of William West-Will West in the United States was a key turning point for fingerprint identification technology to overcome anthropometry [2]. The names, looks, heights, bones and other data of the two prisoners are the same, only the fingerprints are different, so fingerprint identification technology has been fully used in prison system and criminal investigation field.

Until the 1970s, due to the wide application of computers and the rapid development of image processing, various countries began to study and apply Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). The key technologies of fingerprint identification include fingerprint image preprocessing, feature extraction and fingerprint feature matching.