The geographical scope of ancient Greece, in addition to the present Greek peninsula, also includes the whole Aegean region and northern Macedonia and Thrace, Apennine Peninsula and Asia Minor. In the 5th and 6th centuries BC, especially after the Greek-Persian War, the economic life was highly prosperous, resulting in splendid Greek culture, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. The ancient Greeks had profound attainments in literature, drama, sculpture, architecture, philosophy and many other aspects. After the destruction of ancient Greece, this cultural heritage was destructively continued by the ancient Romans, thus becoming the spiritual source of the whole western civilization.
About 800 years before the rise of ancient Greek civilization, the splendid Crete civilization and Mycenae civilization were bred in the Aegean region. About 1200 BC, the Dorian invasion destroyed Mycenae civilization, and Greek history entered the so-called "dark age". Because the understanding of this period mainly comes from Homer's epic, it is also called Homer's era. At the end of Homer's era, ironware became popular, replacing bronze ware. Maritime trade has also been re-developed, and new city-states have been established. The Greeks created their own characters with Phoenician letters, and held the first Olympic Games in 776 BC. The Olympic Games also marked the prosperous period of ancient Greek civilization. About 750 years ago, with the increase of population, the Greeks began to colonize abroad. In the following 250 years, new Greek city-states spread all over the Mediterranean coast, including Asia Minor and North Africa. Among these cities, Sparta and Athens are the most powerful.
Alexander, king of Macedonia, quickly put down the uprising of the Greek city-state and consolidated the political power. In the first 334 years, Alexander led a great army to cross the sea and crusade eastward, which started his conquest of the world. Alexander's greatest enemy is the powerful Persian Empire. Alexander defeated the Persian army in grani and the Kass River in Isus, and seized Syria and Egypt from the Persians. Persian King Darius Iii tried to make peace, but was rejected by ambitious Alexander. 33 1 years ago, the decisive battle of Gauguin Milla broke out between Alexandria and Darius Iii. Alexander won again, occupied Babylon, and the Persian Empire perished. Alexander continued eastward until the Indus Valley turned back. 323 years ago, Alexander died of illness, and his huge empire fell apart. The history of ancient Greece ended and the Hellenistic era began.
The achievements of ancient Greek civilization mainly include
Olympic Games
Ancient Greek mythology
Ancient Greek philosophy
Ancient Greek philosopher
Ancient Greek mathematics
Ancient Greek literature
Ancient Greek drama (ancient Greek tragedy, ancient Greek comedy)
Ancient Greek medicine
Ancient Greek army
Ancient Greek health
You can refer to this and other related websites.
http://2 18 . 24 . 233 . 167:8000/Resource/Book/edu/KWDW/ts 002026/00 16 _ ts 002026 . htm
Due to the limited number of words, I can't elaborate. Please forgive me.
-The Greek-Roman dividing line.
Ancient Rome usually refers to the civilization that rose in the middle of the Italian peninsula in the 10 century BC. After the Roman monarchy and the Roman Republic, it expanded into a huge Roman empire spanning Europe, Asia and Africa around the 10 century. By 395, the Roman Empire was divided into two parts. The Western Roman Empire perished in 476. The Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) became a feudal country, and/kloc-0 was destroyed by the Ottoman Empire in 453.
Because it is on the peninsula, there are not many countries that intersect with it, and its appearance and demise mostly come from the inside.
Ancient Roman culture absorbed the essence of oriental civilization and Greek culture extensively and integrated it into its own tradition. Ancient Roman architecture and sculpture developed rapidly, and the existing buildings are:
The Colosseum The Colosseum of Death in Rome.
Constantine Arc de Triomphe
Pompeii city
celebrity
Latin letters have become the basis for many ethnic groups to create words. Roman law and jurisprudence have had a far-reaching impact on all countries in the world. Latin prose represented by Caesar and Cicero, and Roman poetry represented by Virgil, Horace and Ovid are the objects of study by scholars all over the world. Christianity, which came into being and developed in the Roman Empire, has had a far-reaching impact on the development of the whole mankind, especially the European culture.
Tacitus, a famous historian, has immortal works such as Chronicle, General History and Germanic Annals. Li Wei is the author of History of Rome. Appiah, the former governor of Egypt in the Roman Empire, also wrote the famous history of Rome. At the same time, Julius Caesar himself wrote a series of wars described in the third person, such as the war in Gaul. The philosopher Lucretius's On Physical Properties is the only book that has been handed down so far to expound the ancient atomism, and the famous scholar Pliny the Old is an important document to study the history of science and technology in ancient Rome.