Which three levels are internal three levels?

Juyongguan, Zijingguan and Daomaguan in the Ming Dynasty are all along the Great Wall in Hebei Province today, and are regarded as the "three internal passes".

Juyongguan, Zijingguan and Daomaguan, which are known as one of the nine blockades in the world, are all important defense lines in western Beijing and belong to Yanhe City. Therefore, the enemy stations here are all marked with "No.10 along the word", and now only the stone tablet of "No.10 along the word" is left.

Several battles in history have taken place here. The most recent ancient battle took place in the special historical period when Jin destroyed Liao and Yuan destroyed Jin, and all of them attacked Juyongguan through here. Therefore, the Ming dynasty absorbed the influence of several battles here on the national security situation, and specially repaired and improved these three passes again to prevent foreign forces from invading the customs from here.

Neisanguan: the historical origin of Juyongguan

In Changping District, more than 50 kilometers away from Beijing. Juyongguan was named after the Qin Dynasty. It is said that when Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall, he moved prisoners, foot soldiers and forced civilian workers here, which means "moving to a mediocre place". It was called Juyongguan in the Han Dynasty and Xiguan in the Three Kingdoms period. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, it was changed to Naikuanguan. In the Tang Dynasty, there were names such as Juyongguan, Jimenguan and Junduguan.

Juyongguan has a dangerous terrain and has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. It has two passes, the south is called "Nankou" and the north is called "Juyongguan". The existing Guancheng was built by Xu Da, a general sent by the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. It is the gateway to the northwest of Beijing. The mountains on both sides of Juyongguan are majestic, and there is a valley as long as 18 km in the middle, commonly known as "Guangou". Here, the clean stream lingers, the green peaks overlap, flowers and trees flourish, and birds sing. Beautiful scenery, known as "home is green", is listed as one of the "Eight Scenes of Yanjing".

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Yan wanted to control this mouth. During the Han Dynasty, Juyongguan City was quite large. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Guancheng architecture was connected with the Great Wall. After that, the Tang Dynasty, Liao Dynasty, Jin Yuan and Juyongguan Canyon were all related to the construction of the city.

Historically, it was also called "Qi Qi Race" and "Du Junguan". Newt, that is, soil bee, also known as thin waist bee, closes the soil to build a house for it, such as the land of newt as a house, hence the name.

Genghis Khan entered this pass when he destroyed gold. The existing Guancheng was built in the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368), and was planned and founded by General Xu Da and Deputy General Chang Yuchun. In the early years of Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1450- 1454) and thereafter, it was repaired and repaired many times. The city wall extends from Cuipingling in the east to the top of Jinguishan in the west, with a circumference of more than 4,000 meters. North and South Moon City, watchtower, watchtower and other supporting facilities are complete. There are offices, temples, Confucianism and other related building facilities inside and outside Guancheng.

After the late Qing Dynasty, the buildings of Juyong Guancheng were gradually abandoned, but the majestic Guancheng and numerous historical sites opened a window for people to understand the ancient military culture of China.

Neisanguan: the historical origin of Zijingguan

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was named Wu Ruan Pavilion. Because of its steep cliff, it looks like a screen, also known as Puyin, and is listed as the seventh "Eight Dragons in Taihang". In the Song Dynasty, it was named Jinbeiguan, which was renamed because there were many bauhinia trees in the mountain. Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, it has been named Zijingguan. Large-scale reconstruction and new construction in the early Ming Dynasty is one of the important passes of the Inner Great Wall, which is located between Juyong Pass and Daoma Pass, and the two passes are collectively called Inner Three Passes. Most of the existing buildings are Ming Dynasty buildings.

The original pass has four gates, and the north and south gates are the main roads. There are "Zijingguan" in the north gate, "the rivers and mountains are sharp" and "Zisai Jincheng" in the south gate, all of which are engraved in Wanli. There are walls in the southwest of Guancheng East, Juma River under the north wall and water on the mountain. The situation is sinister and it is a military stronghold. Its north city gate and north city wall are all made of large stones, and the building level is superb, which is rare in similar buildings in China.

Zijingguan is located on the Bauhinia Ridge, 45 kilometers northwest of yi county. There is Wan Ren Mountain in the east of Guancheng, with thousands of peaks and valleys and cliffs. There is rhinoceros mountain in the west of the city, winding westward and connecting with Panshikou; Juma River is in the north of the city, with steep valleys and steep slopes and high waves. South of the city is Huangtuling, with mountains and valleys in front and behind. Zijingguan City is built in this basin where two mountains are sandwiched by slopes and water.

The natural barrier around is one of the important passes of the Inner Great Wall. The ancients vividly described its terrain and military status: "The road is blocked in the south, and the Mayuan is rejected in the north, which is similar to a floating map as a portal and far away from propaganda. In the distance, the group risks are outside, and the scale is magnificent, which is the guarantee of Kyrgyzstan. " Zijingguan is located between Juyongguan and Daomaguan, and is known as the "inner three passes".

Neisanguan: the historical origin of Daomaguan

Daomaguan was placed earlier, which was called Hongshangguan in the Warring States Policy and Changshanguan in Chinese. But at present, all the records about the construction of Maguan City are from the Ming Dynasty.

Daomaguan is divided into upper city and lower city. Shangcheng was built in the early years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, and later renamed Shangchengkou. Downtown is now Daomaguan City. At present, in the courtyard of Maguan township government, there is a white marble monument that has been folded down from above and named "Maguan fortification monument". The inscription records the Daomaguan built in 1465. It can be seen that Maguan City was built in 1452, and then it was built on a large scale in 1465.

Daomaguan City has a circumference of about 2.5 kilometers, a wall bottom width of 6 meters, a top width of 4 meters and a height of about 10 meter. The wall is built with loess rammed bricks. Close the three gates of the east, west and north. The architectural design of Guancheng is very unique. It is near cliffs and deep streams, half in the valley and half in the mountains. The whole Guancheng is built according to the terrain, and the Tanghe River surrounds Guancheng from the west, north and east. Mountains, water and Guancheng complement each other and hinder each other here. The depth of the ancients' strategy, the strictness of fortification and the strangeness of architecture are amazing.