On August 10, 1 1, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De of the Eighth Route Army issued seven orders in succession, ordering the anti-Japanese troops in the liberated areas to launch a comprehensive counterattack against the Japanese army and accept the Japanese surrender. Among them, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De's second order demanded that the former Northeast Army stationed in Hebei, Kyrgyzstan and Liaoning at that time, Lv Zhengcao, Zhang Xuesi, Wan Yi and Li Yunchang, immediately set out for Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, in order to "cooperate with the Soviet Red Army in fighting in China and let the Japanese' Manchuria' puppet troops surrender".
According to historical records, the first action of the Eighth Route Army was the Ji-Re-Liao Military Region. Although Chiang Kai-shek asked the Eighth Route Army troops led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) to "stand by in situ", according to Li Yunchang's recollection, "after receiving the order from the headquarters, the Party Committee and Military Region of Jire Liaoqu held an emergency meeting in Dawangzhuang, Feng Run County, Jidong on August 13, and decided to go all out to resolutely carry out the glorious task entrusted by the CPC Central Committee and deploy eight regiments, one battalion and two detachments, with more than 13,000 people.
The eastward advancing troops of the Jire-Liao Military Region are divided into three roads, among which the 16th Army of the East Road, led by Ceng Kelin and Tang Kai, bypasses Shanhaiguan and crosses the Great Wall through Jiumenkou. It took 10 days to clear the periphery of Shanhaiguan, and puppet troops were surrounded by Shanhaiguan for more than 3000 days. On 30th, with the cooperation of Soviet artillery, Ceng Kelin captured the strategic town of Shanhaiguan. On September 4th, Ceng Kelin went north by train and entered and took over Jinzhou. The next day, Ceng Kelin and Tang Kai continued to arrive in Shenyang by train.
On August 26th, 438+0, Shenyang was liberated by the Soviet Union. Because the Soviets didn't know any news of the Eighth Route Army in advance, they immediately dispatched soldiers to surround the railway station for the arrival of Zeng Department, and Zeng Department was not allowed to get off. Ceng Kelin went to the Soviet headquarters to negotiate. Three fruitless, Ceng Kelin can only say that everyone is * * * people to impress each other. At this point, the troops have been in the car for a day. Major General Cafutong, commander of the Shenyang Garrison of the Soviet Union, finally agreed to get off and go to Sujiatun, 30 kilometers away from Shenyang. This is the first time that people in Northeast China have seen China's army since the fall of 14. On the way of the troops marching, people's emotions were very warm. Kraft changed his mind and agreed to relocate his troops to the small river east of the Forbidden City in Shenyang.
On September 7th, General Crafcenco, commander of the Sixth Army of the Soviet Guards stationed in Shenyang, met with Ceng Kelin and Tang Kai. During the talks, the Soviet army put forward: "From a practical point of view, due to the restrictions of the Sino-Soviet treaty, it seems legal for the Kuomintang to take over the Northeast, and it seems illegal for * * * to take over the Northeast. Therefore, I suggest that you call it the Northeast People's Autonomous Army instead of the Eighth Route Army. " "We can turn a blind eye in the northeast, or we can take the initiative in diplomacy." The Far East Command of the Soviet Union also issued an order that all troops wearing the symbol of the Northeast People's Autonomous Army can fight in all parts of Northeast China. The Soviet army once handed over the largest Sujiatun warehouse of the Japanese Kwantung Army to Ceng Kelin, but it was quickly taken back.
The Northeast Democratic Allied Forces developed from the Northeast People's Autonomous Army and later renamed the Northeast People's Liberation Army and the Northeast Field Army. It is the foundation of the Fourth Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
Then, CCP decided to quickly transfer a group of troops and cadres from the liberated areas in Shanhaiguan pass to the northeast. Troops transferred to Northeast China successively include: a direct unit of Shandong Military Region of the Eighth Route Army, 1 a division, the 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 7th divisions, a division of the 5th division, and a main unit of military regions such as Luzhong, Binhai, Jiaodong and Bohai, with a total of more than 60,000 people; The 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army (the 7th, 8th and 10 brigades, independent brigades) has more than 30,000 people; The 359th Brigade, 1 Brigade, 2nd Brigade, Yan 'an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University and Yan 'an Artillery School in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region have a total of 1 10,000 people. There are 1 regiments in Jinsui, Jizhong, Hebei, Shandong and Henan. Together with the first unit of the Liao Army in Jire, there are more than 1 10000 people. At the same time, about 20,000 Party, government and army cadres in Yan 'an and the liberated areas have also entered the Northeast.
1945 65438+1October 3 1 day, the northeast people's autonomous army was formally established, with Lin Biao as commander-in-chief, Peng Zhen as first political commissar, Luo Ronghuan as second political commissar, first deputy commander and second deputy commander, Zhou Baozhong as third deputy commander and Xiao as fourth deputy commander and chief of staff. At the end of the same year, the 10 military regions such as Jinre, Liaoning, Liaodong, Western Liaoning, Northern Liaoning, Jilin, Songjiang, Sanjiang, Nenjiang and Bei 'an were established one after another, and the total strength of the Northeast People's Autonomous Army rapidly grew to 270,000.
1945165438+1October 14 The Northeast People's Autonomous Army was renamed the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces, and began to shift its focus to cities and villages far away from the large and medium-sized cities occupied by the Kuomintang, and began to spread to all parts of Northeast China in units of divisions (brigades), mobilizing the masses, eliminating the remaining puppet troops and bandits, and developing.
1In March, 946, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces initially reorganized its troops, merged the original military regions into four secondary military regions, namely East Manchuria, West Manchuria, South Manchuria and North Manchuria, and implemented the joint establishment of new and old troops, placing most of the main forces under the command of each military region, readjusting provincial military regions and military sub-regions, and transferring a few main forces to enrich local armed forces. Later, due to changes in the situation, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces listened to the instructions of the Central Military Commission and gradually concentrated their main forces. They fought for more than 1 month to defend Siping, wiped out more than 1 10,000 people, dealt a blow to the offensive arrogance of the Kuomintang army, and cooperated with China's negotiations with the Kuomintang.
1in late June, 946, the Kuomintang launched a full-scale civil war. According to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's policy of struggle against the Northeast, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces decided to take advantage of the opportunity that the Kuomintang army front was extended, its troops were scattered, and it was temporarily difficult to continue large-scale attacks, to further concentrate on eliminating the remaining puppet troops and bandits, to mobilize the masses to carry out land reform, and to establish a consolidated base area.
At the same time, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces stepped up the reorganization and construction of their troops. From August 1946 to August 10, it was expanded into the 7th column on the basis of Shandong 1, the 2nd Division and the original Binhai detachment, and the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces 1 column was formed. The second column consists of the third division of Central China; The 6th column consists of the 7th Division of Shandong and the 7th Brigade of the 3rd Division of Central China. In addition to the previously compiled 3-4 columns, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia 359 Brigade, South Manchu Independent 1, 2, 3 Divisions, there are 5 columns, 1 Brigade and 3 independent divisions in the whole region, with about120,000 people.
In order to strengthen the construction of artillery-oriented special forces, by the end of March 1947, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces had established 9 artillery regiments, 27 battalions, 120 company, 1 chariot brigade and 1 anti-aircraft gun brigade, and established the artillery headquarters and political department based on the Northeast Artillery School to fight bandits. There are more than 3,400 railway guards. In addition, Northeast Military and Political University, Northeast Medical University and various specialized schools such as artillery, engineering, surveying and mapping, communications, military supplies, automobiles, aviation, foreign languages, etc. have been established to train all kinds of talents in a planned way to meet the needs of military development and operations.
In order to break the attack plan of "attacking the north from the south, defending the north first", from the end of June 1946 to the beginning of June 1 KLOC-0/,the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces held a new Kailing campaign, and annihilated the Kuomintang army1division in the northwest of Kuandian, Liaoning. Then, Manchuria and its main forces were concentrated in the battle of "attacking the south of the Yangtze River three times and protecting the rivers four times", which wiped out a large number of effective forces of the Kuomintang army, forced it to switch from attacking to defending, and consolidated and expanded the liberated areas in Northeast China.
1On April 20th, 947, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to transfer more than 80,000 people from the Jireliao Military Region and its subordinate troops to the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces, with a total strength of 460,000 people.
1In mid-May, 947, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces turned to a strategic counterattack and launched a summer offensive on both sides of the Changchun-Shenyang and Shenyang-Jilin railways, annihilating more than 80,000 Kuomintang troops. From August to September, the 12 independent division (brigade) was organized into columns 7, 8, 9 and 10, and two forward command posts (later renamed as 1 2 forward command posts) were established in Nanman and Jicha-Reliao Military Regions. In mid-September, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces concentrated nine columns to launch an autumn offensive, annihilated more than 69,000 Kuomintang troops, captured 15 cities, and further grasped the initiative of the Northeast battlefield.
1 948 65438+1October1,the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces was renamed the Northeast People's Liberation Army, which was divided into the Northeast Military Region and the Northeast Field Army. The former headquarters of the Democratic Allied Forces was the leading organ of the military region and the field army, Lin Biao was the commander and political commissar, Gao Gang was the first deputy commander and political commissar, Zhou Baozhong and Xiao were the deputy commanders, and Luo Ronghuan was the deputy commander. In February, nine independent divisions (brigades) were organized into 1,1,12 columns.
/KOOC-0/947/KOOC-0/2/KOOC-0/5 to/KOOC-0/948 March/KOOC-0/5, the Northeast Field Army braved the cold of MINUS 30 degrees Celsius and launched a 90-day winter offensive, annihilating more than 56,000 Kuomintang troops/KOOC-0 and recovering/. The Kuomintang troops were compressed into isolated places such as Changchun, Shenyang and Jinzhou. The area of the Northeast Liberated Area expanded to 97% of the whole Northeast, and the population of the Liberated Area accounted for 86% of the Northeast, which laid the foundation for the total annihilation of the Kuomintang troops in the Northeast.