1975, Qin bamboo slips, which had been sleeping in a sleeping place in Hubei for more than two thousand years, came out and shocked the archaeological community. It is praised as "epoch-making significance" by historians and cultural relics experts. It is listed as one of the four new archaeological discoveries in Hubei Province and one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China on the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, together with Panlongcheng in Huangpi Shang Dynasty, the ancient body of the Western Han Dynasty in Jiangling and the chime chime of Zeng Houyi in Suizhou. Today, on the occasion of its 30th anniversary, the reporter came to Yunmeng, and once again knocked on the once mysterious door-Tomb: Yunmeng, an ancient name, was once the vast osawa stretching thousands of miles; Brilliant ancient civilization ... thousands of years of vicissitudes have already made her lose her former glory, but there are rich treasures buried in the ruins, that is, the ancient and splendid Chu culture, Qin culture and Han culture created by our ancestors. It puts a golden halo on the illusory name Yunmeng and goes down in history. In Yunmeng County Museum, there are many exquisite unearthed cultural relics, many of which are national first-class and second-class cultural relics, as well as treasures of town halls and rare pottery buildings in China. Curator Yang Wenqing introduced the discovery of Qin Bamboo Slips 30 years ago-1975165438+10. At the beginning of October, Zhang Zedong, a farmer from Xiaoli Village, and his companions found a piece of blue-black soil in the newly opened drainage ditch when they were building a drainage ditch in Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger. He thought that this kind of soil was the same as the tomb unearthed from Yunmeng Tomb two years ago. He preliminarily concluded that there was a sleeping tiger buried in an ancient tomb, so he picked up a hoe. "There are cultural relics here!" Instead of going home, they flew to the county cultural center to report. The situation was quickly escalated. After receiving the report, Chen Zhenyu and Chen Hengshu, experts from the Provincial Museum, led the team to Yunmeng. From the end of 1975 to the spring of 1976, archaeologists from Hubei province came to the sleeping tiger land in the western suburb of Yunmeng Chuwangcheng, and the excavation work officially began. In the 30-meter-long section, the 12 tomb is obviously exposed, and the excavation is progressing smoothly, and new gains are made every day. Most of the unearthed cultural relics are lacquerware, wood, bronze and pottery. First excavation of 12 Qin tombs, with more than 370 exquisite cultural relics unearthed. Especially in Qin. 1 1, a large number of bamboo slips were placed around an adult skeleton. Archaeologists carefully transferred the skeleton and the surrounding bamboo slips to the county cultural center, took photos, registered and cleaned it, and telegraphed National Cultural Heritage Administration. Soon, Beijing sent a heavyweight scholar Li Xueqin and others. After more than 20 days and nights, Li Xueqin quickly determined the basic contents of this 1 155 bamboo slips. The excavation of Qin bamboo slips shocked the academic and press circles all over the country. Since then, the name Yunmeng has once again become famous at home and abroad. Qin Bamboo Slips: Bamboo slips that reproduce the social picture of the Qin Dynasty are books carved with ink on bamboo pieces and woven together with ropes. Before China invented paper, bamboo was the main material for writing. 1 15438+05438+055 The Qin bamboo slips unearthed in TombNo. 165438, with nearly 40,000 words, were written by people in the Qin Dynasty. But it reflects the history of 100 years from Shang Yang's political reform to Qin Shihuang's thirty years later. Most of these Qin bamboo slips are well preserved, with a total length of 23. 1 ~ 27.8 cm and a width of 0.5 ~ 0.8 cm. Simple prose is written in the ink book Qin Li, with clear handwriting and elegant strokes. Some bamboo slips have ink calligraphy on both sides, but most of them are only written on yellow. Bamboo slips are divided into upper, middle and lower sections with strings, which are compiled into a book in turn. The contents of these Qin bamboo slips are very rich, and they are summarized into eight categories by experts, such as chronology, documents of southern county guarding Teng, eighteen Qin laws, efficiency, miscellaneous copying of Qin laws, legal solutions, prison program, and ways to be an official. Some of them also have titles. Mainly about the Qin unification war, Qin centralization, unified measurement, unified currency. In addition, there are contents about medicine, philosophy and "Five Elements Theory". These bamboo slips are a large number of bamboo slips discovered in Qin dynasty for the first time in China, and more than half of them are about the laws of Qin dynasty. It is the earliest and most complete code found in China so far. The excavation of Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips is of great significance. Before this, Qin bamboo slips had not been unearthed. Historians know little about the legal system of the Qin Dynasty, because many laws formulated after the reunification of the Qin Dynasty have been lost, and the existing classical documents only record fragmented fragments, so they can't understand the whole picture. The discovery of Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips just fills this gap. These bamboo slips are rare physical materials for studying Qin culture, which greatly make up for the lack of historical materials in Qin dynasty and contribute to the in-depth study of Qin culture. The discovery of Qin bamboo slips is of great academic value to the study of politics, economy, military affairs and culture in Qin Dynasty. Its quantity and content are unprecedented. Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips also have high artistic value. Qin bamboo slips calligraphy is the earliest official script in China. As can be seen from the bamboo slips, it was born in Qin Zhuan, and there are still a lot of traces of mother in shape, with mixed seal characters. Although there are still a lot of strokes in the brushwork of Destroying Qin Zhuan, the characteristics of seal script are more obvious than that of Qingchuan wooden pen. There are different forms of brush-sweeping, wave-picking and pen-using in the official script of Han Dynasty, which all appear in bamboo slips, and some of them have obvious Lian Bi consciousness. Compared with stone carvings, this kind of bamboo slips directly reflects the richness of brush movement. We can clearly see the evolution from Qin Zhuan to Guli from the wooden slips in Qingchuan, the bamboo slips in Fangmatan in Tianshui to the bamboo slips in Yunmeng Crouching Tiger Land. Qin bamboo slips also have a great influence on the writing order and binding format of books. Without bamboo slips, I'm afraid there would be no subsequent vertical writing. The connection function of braided rope directly inspired the later thread-bound books. The blank space of the top of the world, the indication of the number of pages and words, the title and signature all provide the source for the later typesetting. From this point of view, the shape of bamboo slips has a great influence on the later book publishing industry. Today: Inheriting the glory of the past, both experts and citizens are proud of having such a national treasure in Hubei. Comrade Yunmeng said that to carry forward national culture, we should vigorously publicize these national treasures, so that they can spur us not to sleep on the achievements of ancient civilization, thus inspiring us to leave historical wealth for future generations in today's economic construction. In order to develop the cultural resources of Qin bamboo slips, in May last year, the Propaganda Department of Yunmeng County Committee used this intangible asset to attract investment, introduced the county's private capital, established Yunmeng Taige Culture Co., Ltd., developed and registered the Qin bamboo slips font library with 654.38+100,000 words, and developed and produced the antique bamboo slips handicraft of "Sleeping Tiger Land" by using the most advanced modern laser technology, thus reappearing the infinite charm of Chinese treasures. At the end of that year, it was put into mass production and vigorously expanded the sales market, making Yunmeng bamboo slips craft ornaments become Hubei cultural products. At present, two series of bamboo slips 15 volumes have been developed and produced, among which "Miscellaneous Copy of Lv Qin" won the gold medal in the first forest products Expo. The bamboo slips of Sleeping Tiger Land developed and produced by Yunmeng County have attracted the attention of the leaders of the Ministry of Culture. Antique bamboo slips not only have local cultural characteristics, but also have appreciation and collection value. After it was put on the market, it was very popular. This year1-May exported more than 5 million yuan. Tourism owners from Beijing, Xi, Wuhan and other places have come to order. Yan He, director of the propaganda department of Yunmeng County Committee, said that we not only inherited the good reputation of "Yunmeng", but also had a large number of physical objects and many precious cultural heritages, among which Qin bamboo slips were outstanding representatives. We should fully explore these treasures, make good use of this cultural card, further promote the construction of Yunmeng culture, and strive to make achievements worthy of our ancestors. (End)