The pre-Qin period experienced Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn, Warring States and other historical stages. The narrow research scope of pre-Qin history includes the period from China's entry into civilization to the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, mainly referring to the history of Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States.
In the history of 1800 years, the ancestors of China created brilliant historical civilization, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Xia and Shang dynasties and bronzes in Yin and Shang dynasties were historical symbols of human civilization. Hundred schools of thought, a great thinker in this period, initiated the first cultural and academic prosperity in the history of China. Military strategist Sun Wu's The Art of War is still widely used in military, economic and other fields. Qu Yuan is a great poet in the history of China. Shi Gan Xing Jing in the Warring States Period is the earliest catalogue in the world. At this historical stage, China gradually moved from decentralization to unification. In the pre-Qin period, the freedom of academic thought and the prosperity of culture gave birth to a hundred schools of thought. Hundred schools of thought, such as Confucius, Laozi, Han Feizi and Mozi, is called "a hundred schools of thought contend".
In the pre-Qin period, according to the sequence of China's history, it experienced the periods of ancient culture such as Chao, Sui, Fu, Shen Nong, Huangdi, Yao, Shun and Yu. The History of Pre-Qin Dynasty said: "The traces of Chinese civilization can be traced back to the Bird's Nest, embarrassment, Xi and agriculture." ; Then to the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Legend has it that it started around 5700 BC and ended around 2 100 BC.
During this period, the monarch was produced by the "abdication system", and finally reached the Yao emperor, who was located in Shun, and the Shun Zen emperor was located in Yu. After Yu's death, Yu's son established the Xia Dynasty, ending the abdication system. From then on, "Xia" became the first dynasty in China. There were as many as 20,000 governors in the Xia Dynasty. More than 400 years later (about 1600 BC), the last man was cruel and heartless, and Shang Tang replaced Xia and established the Shang Dynasty.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng people discussed political affairs in rural schools, and the enlightened ruling sons even regarded this public opinion as a good teacher. Even Confucius himself promised himself that he could defend his country and kill the enemy. Confucius praised You Ran for leading the army to defeat the invading Qi army. However, the private school initiated by Confucius fundamentally changed the ancient schools. Since then, there have been a number of scholars who mainly study cultural classics and engage in political activities, and the six arts have also been transformed into classic documents such as poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, music, righteousness, spring and autumn.
Private schools cultivate talents who are "in politics", "governing the country" and "in all directions". They recruited children from all walks of life for the society, prepared conditions for the development of bureaucracy and the situation of food and clothing, and their influence far exceeded the scope of school education. Philosophers of the Warring States Period were also masters in education. Mozi Mencius has hundreds of students, and Xu Xing, who does not seek wealth, also has dozens of disciples. Even the reclusive Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi have their own students. These private schools have expanded the teaching field and promoted a hundred schools of thought to contend. On this basis, some monarchs set up academic activity centers, such as Xihe in Wei State and Xia Ji in Qi State, and all of them hired masters from various factions to give lectures and contend, so as to attract scholars from all over the world. These are actually new universities.
In the pre-Qin period, emperors, governors, Qing Dynasty doctors and other producers collected all kinds of products on the land and the income from industry, commerce, balance and insurance, so as to provide "suburbs, societies, shrines, worship of gods, support of emperors, food for officials and use of ordinary things". Before the Spring and Autumn Period, emperors, governors and doctors all had hereditary land ownership. They collected surplus labor products from laborers and practiced the system of tribute, assistance and transparency. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the reform of land tax was carried out in the form of maintaining mineral fields. After Shang Yang's political reform, people had to buy and sell land, established private ownership of land, and separated rent from tax.
At the end of primitive society, after individual families became production units, it gradually became a regular contribution that commune leaders occupied the harvest on the "commons" or members cultivated the land they occupied.