The History of Song Dynasty 169 The Official History records: "In the second year of Zheng He, the Iraqi official took a new name, and the old official took the right class as righteousness.
Lang. According to the official description of "Lou Ben Shuo cymbals at the end of Han Dynasty" Volume 34 "Chao Shi", Baoyilang is the lowest in the military vocational school. Therefore, "Baoyi" is the official name of the military attache in the Song Dynasty. So why is Song Jiang, the undertaker of Yuncheng County, called "Baoyi"?
Gong's article "The Rise and Fall of Zhu Family" in Volume Six of the Middle Wu Dynasty records that after Zhu's death, people mocked his former prosperous servant with banter: "Stacking mountains to protect righteousness, all kinds of materials on his head." It's disgusting to look like you, and you know a lot. Today, I was just placed. "Another cloud said," It will take several years to make a garden, and the cultivated flowers and trees will be worthy of care. When I introduce justice, I will do harm today. Yao Zeng, a scholar about the same age as Song Jiang, said in Preface to Gao Zhai: "In recent years, nobles and servants regard servants and Si Tuleideng as humble, so they are called Bao B or doctors. "Visible to the turn of the northern and southern dynasties, the official title has been abused. Everyone has the position of coating lang, which has reached the level of being comparable to "a noble servant" Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, Zhuang's "Chicken Ribs" recorded a trip with Cai You traveling incognito, which was called "Baoyi" by appraisers. The second volume of Notes on the Swing says: "There are scholars and scholars in Jingkang who often visit the general's door and call themselves Jia Jiyi"; Zhen appears from time to time. Before escaping from the officials, they did things with a kind attitude, especially doctors, and were named after "Real Baoyi". Mr. Kong Qing (Zeng Gui) tasted the drama and thought it was reasonable:' True Baoyi is not true; Jia Jiyi is a fake machine. In addition, Lu You's Notes on the Old Learning Temple includes Kou Gua Si (Volume 8). Hongmai's "Jane Yizhi" contains Tian, Ma and Ma. According to the record of many victories of the old man in West Lake, there is a "business" in the film of Washi. There is "Wang Baoyi" in Meng Lianggu's Twenty Novels. Four volumes of Zhou Mi Wulin Old Stories include Jiao Fang Music Department's zaju Baoyilang Wang Xi, and six volumes include various artists such as Xu Baoyi and Wang Baoyi. This shows that the word "Baoyi" was abused at that time.
The nickname "Hu" given to Song Jiangqi by the author of "Water Margin" from the folk is obviously related to shaping the character. The eulogy of Gong Sheng and Song Jiang in Song Jiang's "Praise of Thirty-six People" said: "Being king is not false, but just being righteous. Is it taboo to be crazy? " At first glance, the meaning of these words is vague, but if we understand the abuse of appellation in Song Dynasty, it is not difficult to understand that the word "Hu" of "Hu Baoyi" is a simple self-proclaimed word. Song Jiang claimed to be "defending righteousness", which actually meant that Song Jiang was very modest and described himself as a slave, unlike some peasant uprising leaders, who would always be a king. In addition, "protecting righteousness" also means loyalty to protect Zhao's family. This is in sharp contrast to Mad Zhuo. "Crazy Zhuo" refers to the leader of Shandong peasant uprising Zhuo Laoda, nicknamed "Zhuo Zhenlong", which of course violates the "taboo". From this we can see the concept of love and hate from the folk to the author. Because of this, the title of "Baoyilang" was often awarded to peasant uprisings and fugitives during the Zhao and Song Dynasties. Records of the First Year of Jianyan (volume 104): "One Pirate Zheng Qing and Zheng Guang edited Yi Lang." "Water Margin" wrote in the ninetieth chapter that after the success of Song Jiang's expedition to Liao, Song Jiang was added as Bao Ichiro. Although this is consistent with his nickname, he removed modesty, which became the court's affirmation of loyal subjects.
Lu's first nickname is "Flower Monk", which is the most widely known. As early as the Song Dynasty, a story-telling novel named Flower Monk was recorded in The Story of the Drunken Man. Gong Sheng and his thirty-six poems praising Song Jiang also wrote "Flowers and Monks Land". Thus, since the Song Dynasty, Lu has been known as the "Flower Monk". So what does this nickname mean?
There is no doubt that the word "monk" means to be born a monk. The problem is how to explain the word "flower". In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the word "Hua" was added to many people's names, such as "Hua Zhenggui" and "Hua" in Song and Yuan notes. In Wang Mingqing's "The Swing", there is also a monk who is covered in flower arranging and calls himself "the monk who wears flowers". Why do people like to use the word "flower" before their names? What does this mean?
With the development of the civil class in Song Dynasty, many concepts representing the civil class began to be appreciated by people. For example, people call those reckless and overbearing playboys "Hua Hua Tai Sui", and there have been examples of playboys calling themselves "Hua Hua Tai Sui". The characters in Yuan Zaju are Wang Jiangting, Yan Qing and Ke Bai. This is the first meaning of the word "flower" used as a person at that time.
The second meaning has something to do with the first meaning and tattoos. Zhuang Chuo's "Chicken Ribs" said: "... Zhang Jun's independent army often follows the line (according to the report, it refers to Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is now Hangzhou), and chooses the young and the old, stabbing their feet from their arms and below, which is called' flower legs'. The older generation in Shi Jing thinks this is boasting. " It can be seen that "flower legs" refer to those tattooed wandering children in Beijing. Therefore, in Yuan zaju "Lu Zhai Lang" and "Jin Sheng Ge", such characters are described as "idle people with flowers and legs". As we know, Lu is one of several famous tattoo warriors in Water Margin (see Water Margin). ), and before becoming a monk, he used to be a bohemian dude "Fei" (see "Did Lu" govern "and" pay homage at a low price "? Therefore, using the name "Flower Monk" not only shows his monk status, but also shows his tattoo characteristics and dissolute character. There is also a kind of interest that "flowers" and "monks" seem to be unified in Lu, which is really wonderful.
Lu's nickname "Flower Monk" is certainly interesting, but what is even more interesting is Lu's second nickname "Zhenkansai". Readers are surprised that "True Kansai" is not a nickname, but how did it become a nickname? Readers don't have to worry, saying that Lu has such a nickname as "True Kansai" may be inconclusive, but at least it is not rootless.
In Kang's zaju "Black Cyclone in the Water Margin" in Yuan Dynasty, jy once wrote a lyric to Lu: "Who doesn't know that you are the Lu of Kansai, and you became a grass when you went out of Wutai Mountain?" It has been made clear here that Lu's nickname is "True Kansai". The reason why he was called "True Kansai" was probably related to Lu's glorious experience of visiting envoys from Zeng Guan in Weizhou, Shaanxi Province to Kansai Fifth Road. Because of this, when Lu Da punched Zheng Tu in the town of Kansai, he not only pointed out that Jin Cuilian should not be bullied, but also specially emphasized that posthumous title should not "town Kansai": "It is worthwhile for Zanjia to start investing in the old business and call it" town Kansai ". You are a butcher selling meat, a dog-like person, and also called' True Kansai'! How did you cheat Jin Cuilian? " In this speech, those who accuse Zheng Tu of being unworthy of being called "True Kansai" not only account for the vast majority, but also rank first. It can be seen that in addition to bullying the weak and fearing the hard, there is another important reason that annoys Lu, that is, he should not call himself "the true Kansai". Therefore, Lu punched, not only for the people, but also because the other party called his nickname, taking this opportunity to vent his personal anger. Therefore, "True Kansai" is another name for Lu's early scenery.
Wu Yong is one of the most outstanding figures in Water Margin. It should be said that every big move in Liangshan is inseparable from Wu Yong's guidance. But Wu Yong is probably the person with the most complicated name and nickname in the Water Margin.
The name of Wu Yong has a process of development and evolution. The character Wu Yong first appeared in Gong Sheng's Thirty-six Praises of Sung River, and his name was "a scholar who knows many stars and Xing Wu". But "pedant" is just an identity rather than a name, which originated from the imperial examination system in Tang Dynasty. The so-called "pedant once" is a scholar who has learned a classic and can take the imperial examination. In the Northern Dynasties of Song Shenzong, the scholar exam was regarded as the last exam to "give students a background". Therefore, people call scholars without fame "pedants". However, among the thirty-six praises, scholar Wu ranks second, second only to Song Jiang, and is a pivotal figure in the Water Margin. This position has never changed in the story of Water Margin.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Wu Yong's name in The Legacy of the Great Song Dynasty was changed to "Wu Jialiang". The allusion and meaning of "Jialiang" are unknown, and it later became the name of Wu Yong. It can be seen that before the publication of Water Margin, Wu Yong's name was either "pedant" or "Jia Liang".
The name "Wu Yong" first appeared in The Water Margin and the Ming Dynasty zaju "The Seven Tigers of Liangshan Pat the Copper Terrace" at about the same time. In the Water Margin, Wu Yong's names are put together, saying that his surname is Wu, and he is a famous scholar with the name of Mr. Jia Liang. From then on, the name "Wu Yong" began to ring.
Wu Yong's nickname has been "Zhi Duo Xing" since Thirty-six Praises of Sung River. The origin of "Zhi Duo Xing" is unknown. Some people say that it may come from the epitaph of Yu Xin, the general of Xia Liu, the Duke of Xi in the Northern Dynasties: "A wise man is a stone and a wise man is a star." But this has nothing to do with the original intention of Wu's nickname. I'm afraid it's to read literature and make sense. Perhaps there is no allusion at all, just a summary of Wu's resourcefulness. Since the Water Margin, people have gradually begun to call those resourceful people "wise stars".
Wu Yong also has a nickname "Professor". This is people's respect for him as a little intellectual who teaches. However, in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, people often referred to people with this status as "professors". For example, in the novel Ghost Cave in the Western Hills in the Song Dynasty, there was a man named "who lived in a primary school under the modern national bridge" and was called "Professor Wu". It is a question worth discussing whether Professor Wu and Wu Yong's posthumous title surname are accidental coincidence or have some origin connection.
Gongsun Sheng's position in Liangshan is quite special. Although he is often absent from Liangshan, not wandering around, or returning to his hometown to do his filial duty, Liangshan's major military actions are inseparable from his important role. What made him the most popular was the battle of Gaotangzhou. At first, without him, the Liangshan hero had no choice but to send someone to invite Gao Lian back to the mountain, and launched a special campaign for this purpose. After returning to the mountain, he broke Gao Lian's black magic with the Five Thunder Heavens method. So what does his nickname "Entering Yunlong" mean?
In China's ancient traditional cultural concepts, "cloud" and "dragon", "wind" and "tiger" are two closely related corresponding phenomena between nature and animals. The Book of Changes said, "Clouds follow dragons and winds follow tigers." Wang Bi explained in the Book of Changes: "Those who call the clouds are dragons, and those who call the wind are tigers." It means that dragons can call auspicious clouds and tigers can call high winds. Why can dragons attract clouds? Kong Shu also explained the internal relationship between clouds and dragons. "The dragon is a water beast and the cloud is water vapor, so Long Ge comes from Jing Yun and the cloud comes from the dragon." Therefore, in addition to the accident of "cloud" and "dragon", people often use "Yunlong" as a metaphor for the encounter between a monarch and a minister or friend. For example, Lu You's "Songs of Taishigong Guo Wei Shi Gongwan" says: "Yunlong Millennium, classic three crowns." Zhang Juzheng's Madonna Tu Zan Du Qing Yu Sheng in the Ming Dynasty: "Yuan enters the mansion, the red dragon enters the palace, and then the scenery is transported. All countries are harmonious and animals are prosperous, which is called Yunlong." This is the Chen Guoji meeting. In Qing Dynasty, Zhao Yi's Yu Jian's Poems, Juvenile Poems, Juvenile Poems and Simple Appreciation said: "There were Han Meng and Yunlong in the Tang Dynasty." Qing Xukui's poem "Moving to Yongfu" says: "I and Yunlong New Testament, when I was young, the moon was bad." This is a metaphor for friends. It is precisely because "Yunlong" has such a beautiful meaning that people later like to use it to describe all kinds of things. Some of them are used as the gate names of palaces. Ban Gu's "Dongdu Fu" says: "The mistress Li Sheng is happy, and the account is Yunlong Court." Lu Yanji's note: "Yunlong, the name of the door." Zhang Heng's Ode to Tokyo: "Flying clouds and dragons are on the spring road, and the tiger is on the autumn side." Xue Zong's Note: "The East Gate of Deyang Hall is called the Dragon Gate of Cloud." Some are used to describe the beauty of a good horse. Cao Zhi's "Seven Wonders": "Servants drive the flying horse of Yunlong and decorate the jade road for their sons." Shan Li's note: "Ma Youlong is called, and the cloud follows the dragon, so it is called Yunlong." Some are used as mountain names, and there is Yunlong Mountain in Xuzhou, Jiangsu. The second poem of Su Shi's Poem of Visiting John Zhang in the Mountain: "All the trees lock Yunlong, and the sky keeps many people." Note: "Yunlong, the name of the mountain." Of course, they are also used as names or store names. Gongsun Sheng's nickname is an example. In Song Dynasty, Ye Mengde recorded a man named "Miyun Dragon" in Misty Rain in Shilin.
However, Gongsun Sheng's nickname is "Entering Yunlong" for another important reason, that is, "Yunlong" is also two of the eight arrays in the ancient art of war. Li Bai's poem "Hu Nobody": "Both dragons and tigers return, and the white moon can destroy the enemy." Wang Qi's Note: "Both dragons and tigers are famous." Li's "Ask Right": Taizong said:' There are dragons, tigers, horses and snakes in the world. What are the reasons for the eight major battles? Jing yue:' the ancients kept this law in secret, so it was said to be eight, and it was eight arrays and one. "Because" Yunlong "has such a beautiful meaning, and it is the second of the Eight Arrays of the Art of War, and Gongsun Sheng is the best among Liangshan heroes, it is very appropriate to use" Entering Yunlong "as posthumous title of Gongsun Sheng.
Apart from Zhang Shun, the Nguyen Brothers are all top figures in Liangshan Water Army, but their nicknames are somewhat questionable.
Among the 36 schemes of Gong Sheng and Sung River, Ruan Xiaoer's nickname is "short-lived Jiro" and Ruan Xiaowu's nickname is "Tai Sui". In the water margin, two people fell down. Ruan Xiaowu is called "short-lived Jiro" and Ruan Xiaoer is called "Tai Sui". Why is this?
In Ode to Thirty-six People, Ruan Xiaoer's eulogy is: "Life is short, what good is a teenager?" ? Without supervision, Qingyuan Temple will eat it. "Cankou" refers to guanxian, Sichuan, but what does this have to do with Ruan Xiaoer? It's puzzling. And "you can eat in the temple without supervision" seems to be using allusions, but it is actually very obscure, which is another mystery. Through the miscellaneous notes of idle books written by idle people in Yunshan in Qing Dynasty, it is known that these two fans compiled Biography of Hua Yang Chun Qiu Hu Fu. It turned out that this nickname came from the second son of Li Bing, who was in charge of water control in Sichuan that year.
Legend has it that Li Bing's second son is called Jiro. He ate, drank, gambled and gambled in his early years. He is a fuel-efficient lamp. Once, Li Bing ordered him to govern the Minjiang River. At that time, the flood was raging and a breach appeared on the dam. The flood is coming. Bing ordered Jiro to block the breach with his body, only to see him jump into the raging flood and suck it into his body. The flood receded, but Jiro died. Li Bing said, "Jiro should be short-lived." It means that he, a prodigal son, can control water and die. Although it is short-lived, it is a fair death. But the local people deeply miss this hero who gave his life to save lives. They said, "Is it short-lived? Eternal life! " It means that although his life is over, his soul will live in our hearts forever. So they set up a shrine for Erlang in the local Qingyuan Temple to commemorate this hero, and Qingyuan Mountain was also named "Erlang Mountain" by the common people. Using this allusion to praise Ruan Xiaoer shows that Ruan Xiaoer's original image is a prodigal son like jy, Lu and Yan Qing.
As for why Ruan Xiaoer was called "short-lived Jiro" and why "short-lived Jiro" became the nickname of Ruan Xiaowu, there was another explanation in the Qing Dynasty in the Collection of Water Margin. He thinks that the nickname of short-lived is not Jiro himself, but Jiro makes others "short-lived". "Short-lived Jiro" means to kill Jiro, which describes Ruan Xiaoer's ferocity and bravery. As for why his nickname was swapped with Ruan Xiaowu, it was once thought that it was the fault of the engraver. "Ming people like to engrave ancient books, and ancient books die." When people carved books in the Ming Dynasty, they were often shoddy and full of mistakes, so that the nickname of Ruan Xiaoer was put on Ruan Xiaowu's head.
We think that the explanation of the nickname "short-lived Jiro" is far-fetched, and Gong's praise is appropriate. However, it was possible to explain why their nicknames were changed.
Liu Tang was the first group of heroes when the Seven Stars got together, and Liu Tang played an important role in many important activities of Liangshan heroes. So does this character have a prototype in history?
Song Yaohui Edited, Volume 177, Page 16, records: In the second year (1055), on July 11th, Bozhou Jiang Xian was ordered by Class 3 of the East-West Road appeasement department, and still gave it. Mr. Wang Qili believes that although it has been more than 60 years since Liu Tang was captured by Jiang Xian from Sung River Uprising, Liu Tang was active in JD.COM at that time and was regarded as a "drama thief", so there must be many legends circulating among the people, and JD.COM is the area where Sung River was active, so the author of Water Margin kneaded Liu Tang into a member of the thirty-six plough and wrote the story of Liu Tang, a Liangshan hero. This guess is reasonable.
As for Liu Tang's nickname, people have never talked about it. In Gong's eulogy, Liu Tang's nickname was "eight legs and eight feet". In the eulogy, he said, "A general is short, so call him. You are not a husband, and your legs are eight feet long. " The content of praise focuses on Liu Tang's physical characteristics, with special emphasis on Liu Tang's short stature and short legs. The first two sentences mean that his lower body is very short, but he is called Hou Wang. The last two sentences say that although he has only one foot eight inches of long legs, isn't he a strong man? Therefore, the compliment is mainly to say that although Liu Tang is short in stature, he is more heroic than the Marquis.
Liu Tang's nickname became a "red-haired ghost" in the posthumous works of Xuanhe in the Song Dynasty. This "red-haired ghost" has nothing to do with "shakuhachi" in content. I don't know why Liu Tang's nickname changed from "shakuhachi" to "red-haired ghost". But it is very obvious that the two are completely homophonic. It is possible that Liu Tang's nickname changed from "shakuhachi" to "red-haired ghost" because of homophonic in the process of Liangshan story spreading. As for the origin and meaning of the name "red-haired ghost", look up Zhang Heng's Xijing Fu: "Zhu changed to Kun, and planted hair like a pole." It means that the sideburns are red, and every hair is like a standing bamboo pole. This is probably why Liu Tang was nicknamed "Red Hair Ghost". Come on. Later, the image of Liu Tang in the Water Margin was designed according to the image of this red-haired ghost. Just interpret his nickname as "because there is this cinnabar tower on the temple, everyone calls it a villain' red-haired ghost'."
Yang Xiong's nickname is "Sai Guan Suo" in The Praise of Thirty-six People of Gong Sheng and Sung River, and the eulogy says: "The hero of Guan Suo is also a saint. Can you be brave and pretend to be okay? " Here we don't explain the meaning of Guan Suo, but point out that Guan Suo is a brave general. In Water Margin, Yang Xiong's nickname was changed to "Guan Suo", and the explanation in the book was that "because of his good martial arts and yellowish appearance, everyone called him" Guan Suo "Yang Xiong". From this we can know that Guan Suo is also good at martial arts, but his face is not yellow. But I still don't know who the lock is. Yu Yue's Tea Fragrant Room Congchao in the Qing Dynasty (Volume 17) suspected that Guansuo might not really exist in history. So does Guan Suo really exist and why is it used as a nickname? This problem has gradually aroused people's interest.
Yu Jiaxi's textual research on Thirty-six People in Sung River shows that there are more than a dozen people nicknamed "Guan Suo" in various ancient books in Song Dynasty, which shows that Guan Suo is a figure worshipped by Song people. Yu Jiaxi also found Guan Suo's life story in Mao Zonggang's Review of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It turned out that he was the third son of Guan Yu of the Three Kingdoms. However, as the ancestor of The Romance of The Three Kingdoms, Guan Suo was not mentioned in Jian 'an Shi Yu's The Whole Story of The Three Kingdoms and Ming Hongzhi's The Romance of The Three Kingdoms, so Yu Jiaxi thought Guan Suo was the product of later folklore. However, this view was quickly overturned by various documents discovered later.
Zhou Shaoliang's Guan Suokao (contained in the second episode of Random Records of Lin Xue) quoted several old editions of Biography of the Three Kingdoms published by Wang Gulu in Japan in the Ming Dynasty, including the story of "China recognizing Jingzhou's father", which shows that Mao Zonggang is not groundless. The strong evidence to support this statement is: 1967, a batch of rap words and legends in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty were unearthed in Jiading County, Shanghai, including a biography of Hua Xin, which was full of rap. In addition, there are many records about the story of Guan Suo in the historical documents about southwest geography. Guan Suo made great contributions to Zhuge Liang's expedition to the south, and the local people built a temple in memory of him. Records of the Qing Dynasty, Volume 392, Mountains and Rivers of Anshun House: "Guansuoling, thirty miles west of Zhenning House, built a royal bookstore with the words" Qiannan Lock Key "inscribed by the Emperor Saint Zuren." Ming Yi Tongzhi: In Dong Si, Ding Ying, the situation is extremely dangerous. I go back to the temple for more than one hundred miles every week. "It seems that the legend of Guan Suo, as a by-product of Zhuge Liang's story, is widely circulated in Yunnan and Guizhou. Therefore, Guan Suo, even if there is no one in history, is at least a widely circulated story since the Song Dynasty.
Then why is it called "Hua"? Wang Gulu saw that in the "History of the Three Kingdoms" published by Zheng Sanyuanguan in Fujian in the thirty-third year of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1605), there was a record about Guan Suo meeting his father Guan Yu: "I hesitated for a long time and said,' When I fled, my wife was pregnant for three months. But since this son is my son, he should be named Guan. How can you call Hua Ming Guan Suo? I dare not admit it. "Zhang Fei asked him why. Suo replied, "When I was seven years old, the Lantern Festival was fascinating. I picked it up from outside and raised it until I was nine years old. He was sent to Hua Yue in Banshidong to learn martial arts, hence the name Hua. "It turns out that the name' flower' is the collective name of Guan Suo's father's surname and two adoptive fathers' surnames.
To sum up, it can be inferred that because the story of Guan Suo is a widely circulated legend in Song Dynasty, many people like to use it in nicknames, and distinguish it by "Sai Guan Suo", "Guan Suo", "Zhang Guan Suo" and "Li Guan Suo". This is the origin of Yang Xiong's nickname.
In the history of Song Dynasty, there were three people named Sun Li: one was Shao Qingzhi's accomplice, who was recruited first, and rebelled again in the first year of Shaoxing (1 1). For his deeds, see Three Dynasties North Alliance (volume147); One is the Huainan Navy General who fought against nomadic people in the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162). For his deeds, see Song Yaohui, article 18 1. There is another person who was a thief in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty. Thirty years later, he was under the jurisdiction of Ann Feng Jun. These three men are either armed or thieves, and they are not far from the Sung River Uprising in time. Sun Li in Water Margin may be one of them.
Sun Li's earliest nickname was "Stone". There is an article named "Sun Li in the Story of the Stone" in the catalogue of the Song Dynasty contained in The Drunken Man's Notes. It is generally believed that this Sun Li is Sun Li in the Water Margin. But because this passage has been lost, I don't know why he is called stone. Sun Li's posthumous title became "sick late" in Thirty-six People's Praise and Song Xuanhe's Legacy with Song Jiang. However, the reason why Sun Li's rebellion is described in The Legacy of the Great Song Dynasty is that he opposes Hua Shigang. Maybe the name "stone" has something to do with Hua Shigang. In Water Margin, Sun Li's nickname not only changed to "Sick Wei Chi", but also the reason for going up the mountain changed from opposing "Hua Shigang" to saving Jie Zhen's reconciliation treasure. Maybe that's why his nickname changed.
So, why is Sun Li nicknamed "Sick and Late"? This was named after Wei Chijingde in the uprising army at the end of Sui Dynasty, because Wei Chijingde was good at using whips and Sun Li was good at using whips. Gong Sheng and his eulogy said, "A strong man named Wei Chi named himself after he fell ill. When you can get sick, you can achieve national success. " However, in the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin believed that Wei Chijingde's use of iron whip was invented by a novelist, because it was not recorded in the Book of New and Old Tang Dynasty. In fact, this is unnecessarily serious. Whether Wei Chijingde used iron whip in history has nothing to do with our appreciation of novels. In addition, Wei Chijingde's use of iron whip is also recorded in other historical documents. Zhang Wenxuan Luojiang Diary Volume Yakumo: "The preface to iron whip's Poems by Li Changfu in the Tang Dynasty says:' In the second year of Changqing, the rebel army made a sacrifice, and the cloud was so beautiful that it was engraved as: Zhenguan for four years. ""Although this preface doesn't matter to most people who appreciate the Water Margin, it may silence those who are picky and addicted to textual research.
Gong Sheng and his eulogy commented on Yan Qing in this way: "Pingkang is a strange place. Do you know your name? Taihang spring scenery, there is a green. " The first two sentences say that Yan Qing is probably a person who lives casually, visits brothels and takes pleasure in evil. Throughout the literature and books of the Song Dynasty, we can know that this way of life is the exact meaning of the word "prodigal son" in the Song Dynasty.
"The Biography of Li Bangyan in Song Dynasty" said: "Great is cool and beautiful, and it works for. However, I am growing up, learning vulgar things, easy to handle, good at teasing and cuju. Every street slang is a lyric, which is passed around by people and named' Li prodigal son'. ..... There's nothing clear about worshipping the slaughter, but Shun tends to flatter and fill the position. Everyone's eyes are' the prodigal prime minister'. " "Three Dynasties North Alliance" Volume 236 said: "Han Zhichun is a frivolous person and doesn't care about scholars. On weekdays, I call myself a prodigal son and like to wander around prostitutes' homes, so it is a lewd language. It also plays with the body and skin, and it shows up when people are drunk. People are ashamed, not ashamed. There are eleven clouds in Wu Zeng's "Notes on Gaizhai": "Hong Juefan has poems about Yuelu Temple in Shangyuan, and Mrs. Cai Yuandu has read' Why lose weight in spring? She said,' prodigal son and monk's ear'. Volume 17 of Guangji Age quoted the ancient and modern thorns as saying: "Liu Jianqing was reduced to poverty and died childless, and his skeleton was hidden in a monastery. Prostitutes in Jingxi are buried in Huashan, Zaoyang County. Once out of the countryside, a prodigal son joked with several people:' This uncle loves to coax when he is a ghost.' "Collected Works of Mr. Wenshan" Volume XIII: "South Guide" has "Preface to Poems of Liuyuan Pavilion":' On the 11th, there was Liuyuan Pavilion on the shore, and people from the north gathered in front of the fire pavilion to drink. Liu Shu was desecrated, and the chiefs thought it was a joke. Take a village woman from the boat to the pavilion, recommend Liu to sleep, and sit down with Liu Zhijiao. According to this sentence, there is an error. ) Toast wives and concubines hold Wei Liu plays. It's unbearable to be dressed in rags. His poem says: Liu, the prodigal son returns, yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us. In those days, Bao was not like this. Dogs were ashamed to stay in the remote pavilion. " "
As can be seen from the above records, the prodigal son in the Song Dynasty refers to those dudes who are idle, charming and wandering in brothels. In Yuan Zaju, Yan Qing's image still maintained this dissolute habit. For example, Yan Qing Bo Yu describes the story of Yan Qing being bullied for his children's affair and then taking revenge. Yan Qing tells the story of Yan Qing shooting wild geese for fun, which is consistent with the nickname of "prodigal son". But in the Water Margin, because Yan Qing became Lu Junyi's slave, these romantic and natural things were deleted. Therefore, Yan Qing in Water Margin really can't afford the nickname "prodigal son".
100 Each of the Water Margin has one or several nicknames. Mr. Shi Naian often sums up their appearance, personality characteristics or anecdotes, personal experiences, hobbies and other aspects with only a few of the most pithy words, which makes people say their nicknames whenever they talk about The Water Margin, and nicknames can show the spirit of the characters. These nicknames can be divided into six categories: animals, people, celebrities, images, specialties and ghosts. In this article, Canglang, let's talk about the origin and connotation of the nickname "Eight Generals with Hundred Orders".
The first category: animals. Among Liangshan heroes, there are the most animals, up to 37 people, flying in the sky, crawling on the ground, swimming in the water, legendary rare birds and animals, birds of prey and beasts in nature, and everything. It seems to be a fashion for heroes at that time to associate with animals and worship their power. (The serial number is Liangshan Heroes' Seat, the same below)
2, Yu Qilin Lu Junyi: Kirin, Swiss beast, legendary mythical animal, does not exist in real life; Kirin is second only to dragons in all animals. According to the ancient legend of China, Kirin, dragon and phoenix and tortoise are combined into four spirits, and they are the kings of hairy beasts. Lu Junyi walked off the BMW unicorn beast with a stick and a Chinese odyssey, with golden retriever in his hand and golden armor of the unicorn. He is handsome and majestic, and people in the Jianghu call him Jade Kirin. However, the name is awesome, but this unicorn is carved in jade. Although powerful and realistic, it is fragile after all, and a hard stone can turn it into dust. Facing the traitor Coulee, the fragile "Jade Kirin" is of course in danger!
4. Entering Yunlong Gongsun Sheng: When the dragon enters the cloud, it never ends. Gongsun Sheng is such a mysterious figure. The whereabouts are uncertain, the Taoism is amazing, and there is the power to steal the sky.
6, the leopard head Lin Chong: Lin Chong is actually very similar to Zhang Fei's appearance, his face is like a god, the leopard head has eyes around it, and his jaw is bearded, but his temperament is not elephant. This nickname is brave and invincible.
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17, green-faced beast Yang Zhi: Because there is a big blue birthmark on his face, people feel that he is as fierce as an animal, and Yang Zhi's fighting power is worthy of the name.
23. Shijin, Kowloon: Shijin is named after nine dragons tattooed on his body. In addition, the ancients regarded nine as the most important and respected, which was called rebellion. Probably because Shi Jin was the first hero in the book, he got the name.
25. Lei Heng: Adding wings to a tiger means choosing someone to eat. Think about how powerful it is.
26, mixed dragon Li Jun: There are two kinds of sayings. One refers to the velociraptor that turned the river into the sea. They are good at water and martial arts. Second, the river mixing dragon was originally a tool for river regulation and dredging. In the Song Dynasty, a huge iron rake was invented to clean up the sediment in the Yellow River, stir the sediment at the bottom of the water and make the sediment go with the water. This kind of iron harrow is called river rolling dragon, also called river mixing dragon. But whether it's a dragon or an iron rake, both of them have the meaning of crossing the river. It is well-deserved for Li Jun's contribution to the establishment of Liangshan Water Army.
30. White stripes in the waves Zhang Shun: The skin is like snow, and the waves are like fish. Not only is the water good, but the skin is also good. This nickname is very vivid, very dynamic and beautiful, and it is really hard to get.
34. Jie Zhen, a two-headed snake: This nickname is to highlight his bravery and ferocity, which is completely different from the present meaning.
35. Jerbo, two-tailed scorpion: the poison of the snake is in the head, and the poison of the scorpion is in the tail. This shows that Jebel is also an expert with strong attack power.