Complexity: the contradiction between absolute monarchy and bourgeoisie and new noble; The contradiction between the Presbyterian church, the non-partisan and the egalitarian parties on the revolutionary side (that is, within the bourgeoisie); The contradiction between Cromwell's dictatorship and parliament during the British Republic.
Repeat: the revolution was not completed at one time. From the execution of Charles I to the glorious revolution, it also experienced the Republican period, Cromwell dictatorship and the restoration of Stuart dynasty.
The British Bill of Rights can be regarded as the predecessor of the American Constitution.
The two houses of Parliament gathered in Westminster Palace in accordance with the law, which was enacted to ensure the traditional rights and freedoms of the British people.
1. Without the consent of the National Assembly, the power to stop the law or stop the implementation of the law with the authority of the king.
Recently, it is illegal to abolish the illegal power of laws or to enforce laws with the authority of the king.
3. The order to set up a court to hear religious affairs, as well as all other similar orders and courts, are illegal and harmful.
4. It is illegal to collect money for the king or use it for the king without the permission of the Congress and beyond the time limit or method permitted by the Congress.
Petition to the king is the right of subjects, and all the convictions or charges against this petition are illegal.
6. Unless approved by the National Assembly, it is illegal to recruit or maintain a standing army in the Kingdom in peacetime.
7. All subjects who are Protestants, in order to defend themselves, can consider the situation and equip themselves with weapons within the scope permitted by law.
8. The election of members of Parliament should be free.
9. Freedom of speech, debate or deliberation in the National Assembly should not be impeached or questioned in any court or anywhere outside the National Assembly.
10. We should not ask for too much bail, nor should we impose too high a fine, let alone impose cruel and extraordinary penalties indiscriminately.
1 1. Jury members should formally register and report. Jury members trying treason cases should be free and hereditary.
12. Before conviction, all transfers made by a specific person and all commitments made to fines and confiscation of property are illegal and invalid.
13. In order to redress all grievances, amend, strengthen and safeguard laws, the National Assembly should meet from time to time.
They (that is, nobles and parliamentarians from the spiritual and secular circles, etc.). ) also advocates, demands and insists on the above terms as its unquestionable rights and freedoms; Any statement, judgment, behavior or litigation procedure in the above-mentioned clauses that is harmful to the people shall never be regarded as a conclusion or precedent in the future.
1) After the victory of the British bourgeois revolution, the rights and interests of the bourgeoisie were further guaranteed, and the power of the king was gradually further restricted; King George I, who can't speak English, is not interested in state affairs, and walpole, the majority leader of the House of Commons, presides over the cabinet meeting. Since then, the power of parliament has more and more surpassed that of the king, and the king has gradually been in the position of "unification without death". 2) Britain is a representative democracy. Representatives are elected according to certain procedures to form representative organs, which are responsible for making laws and managing public affairs, and implementing the fundamental principle that sovereignty belongs to the people. Representative offices are supervised and restricted by corresponding institutions. It is an indirect democracy, and its basic framework is mainly composed of king, upper house, lower house and cabinet.